Umthengi vs Iingxelo zeTyala loRhwebo

Ababoneleli ngetyala kunye nabarhwebi eMzantsi Afrika bahlala betsala iingxelo zamatyala omthengi xa bevavanya abantu. Xa umenzi-sicelo elishishini, i-close corporation, okanye engumnini oyedwa, ingxelo efanayo yomthengi inokunganeli. A ingxelo yekhredithi yorhwebo eMzantsi Afrika itsalela kwimithombo yedatha eyahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso ze-bureau-ezifana ne-Experian Business okanye i-Datanamix izisombululo zoshishino-kwaye iphendula umbuzo owahlukileyo: ingaba iqumrhu ngokwalo liqhuba njani, kungekhona nje abalawuli okanye umnini walo? Ukubhidanisa ezimbini kukhokelela kuvavanyo olungaphelelanga, umngcipheko ophosiweyo, kunye nezigqibo ezisekelwe kuhlobo olungalunganga lwedatha. Eli nqaku lichaza ulwahlulo phakathi kweengxelo zekhredithi yabathengi kunye nezorhwebo, kutheni ukuthembela kwidatha yabathengi kuphela kungaphumeleli xa kuhlolwa amashishini okanye abathengisi bodwa, yiyiphi idatha yorhwebo ehlanganisayo, indlela ukuthotyelwa kunye nokusebenza ngayo, kwaye nini ukutsala ukuba yiyiphi ingxelo. Ukufumana isakhelo esibanzi sokufunda nokusebenzisa iingxelo zamaziko, bona ifundwa njani ingxelo yetyala eMzantsi Afrika isikhokhelo sethu.

Umahluko wabathengi vs kuRhwebo

EMzantsi Afrika, iingxelo zamatyala omthengi zinxulumene nomntu wendalo: inombolo yesazisi somntu, ii-akhawunti, indlela yokuhlawula, izigwebo, kunye noluhlu olubi. UMthetho weNtengo weSizwe uchaza umboleki njengomntu wendalo okanye ishishini elincinci (umntu osemthethweni) ofumana intengo yetyala ngenjongo echazwe kwiNCA; kwi-bureau practice, iingxelo “zabathengi” zezo zakhiwe malunga nomntu ngamnye njengomxholo. I-Bureox efana ne-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, kunye ne-XDS ibambe kwaye ichaze le datha. Xa utsala i- Ingxelo yamatyala anolwazi eMzantsi Afrika okanye i- Ingxelo yekhredithi yeDatanamix yomntu, ukwindawo yabathengi.Iingxelo zoRhwebo (okanye ishishini) zetyala zinxulumene nequmrhu: inkampani, ikopoporasi, okanye iziko elirhwebayo. Isihloko yinombolo yobhaliso yeshishini, imbali yokurhweba, ukuziphatha kwentlawulo kunye nababoneleli kunye nabaxhasi bemali, izigwebo ezichasene nequmrhu, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo umlawuli okanye unxibelelwano lwelungu. Iimveliso ezifana ne-Experian Business, i-Datanamix izisombululo zekhredithi yeshishini, kunye nabanye ababoneleli bedatha ye-B2B banikezela oku. Idatha ayithatheli indawo ingxelo yomthengi; yimbono eyahlukileyo yomxholo owahlukileyo. Umnini-shishini oyedwa unokufuna zombini: ingxelo yomthengi ngomntu (onoxanduva lobuqu) kwaye, apho ikhona, idatha yorhwebo okanye yorhwebo kwigama lorhwebo okanye iqumrhu.

Kutheni ukuthembela kuphela kwiiNgxelo zabaThengi kusilele kuVavanyo lweShishini

Xa umenzi-sicelo eyinkampani okanye i-CC, okanye xa ikhredithi yeyeenjongo zoshishino, ingxelo yomthengi iyodwa ayiphelelanga.

Umxholo awuchanekanga. Ingxelo yomthengi ifakwe kwinombolo yesazisi. Inkampani inenombolo yobhaliso, hayi isazisi. Imbali yentlawulo yenkampani kunye nababoneleli, iiakhawunti zayo zorhwebo, kunye nezigwebo ezichasene nequmrhu azibonakali kwifayile yomntu. Unokutsala umlawuli okanye ingxelo yomthengi ukuvavanya amandla omntu okanye umlinganiswa, kodwa loo nto ayibonisi ukuba ishishini lihlawula njani na amatyala alo okanye ukuba yintoni ukuvezwa kwequmrhu.

Abarhwebi ababodwa bahlala kuwo omabini amazwe. Umnini-shishini eyedwa ngumntu omnye; ingxelo yabo yabathengi ibonisa ityala lomntu kunye nokuziphatha. Ukuba nabo barhweba phantsi kwegama leshishini kwaye babe neeakhawunti zorhwebo okanye umthengisi ngetyala egameni leshishini, loo ntoukuvezwa kwezorhwebo kusenokungabonakali kwingxelo yabathengi. Ababolekisi kunye nabarhwebi abavavanya isixhaso sodwa semali mboleko yeshishini okanye i-ovadrafti kaninzi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo zombini (umthengi) kunye nedatha yeshishini (yorhwebo) ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo wesikhundla kunye nomngcipheko.

Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye noyilo lwemveliso luthatha idatha efanelekileyo. Ababoneleli ngetyala abafana noABSA, FNB, kunye ne-WesBank babonelela ngabathengi kunye neshishini ngokuboleka imali. Amashishini kunye neemali ze-asethi zifuna ulwazi lwekhredithi yorhwebo kwiqumrhu; imigca yabathengi isebenzisa iingxelo zabathengi. Ukusebenzisa idatha yomthengi kuphela kwisicelo senkampani kunyanzelisa isigqibo malunga nolwazi olungaphelelanga kwaye lwenza buthathaka zombini umngcipheko kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Yeyiphi iData yeTyala yeNtengiso eneneni

Ingxelo ngetyala lorhwebo eMzantsi Afrika idla ngokutsalwa kwimithombo yoshishino ethe ngqo kunye neemveliso zamaziko. Umxholo uyahluka ngomboneleli kodwa uhlala uquka oku kulandelayo.

Isazisi sequmrhu. Igama leNkampani okanye leCC, inombolo yobhaliso, idilesi yokurhweba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abalawuli okanye amalungu. Oku kunxulumanisa ingxelo kwiziko elisemthethweni elichanekileyo, hayi kumntu ngamnye.

Ukuziphatha kwentlawulo yorhwebo. Indlela iqumrhu elibahlawula ngayo abatyalwayo borhwebo: iindlela zokuhlawula, ukulibaziseka, ukusilela, okanye iingxabano. Le yi-analogue yorhwebo yoluhlu lweprofayili yentlawulo yomthengi-ukuziphatha kweshishini ngokwalo.

Ukuvezwa kunye nezibonelelo. Ikhredithi okanye izibonelelo zorhwebo egameni lequmrhu: i-ovadrafti, ikhredithi yorhwebo, imali ye-asethi, okanye ezinye izinto. Ibhalansi kunye nemida ixhasa uvavanyo lomthwalo wamatyala kunye nomthamo weshishini.

Izigwebo neziganeko ezimbi. Izigwebo zenkundla,ukungagqibeki, okanye izehlo zokutshona kwinkampani okanye iCC. Ezi zichaphazela ukufaneleka kwequmrhu kwaye zahlukile kuzo naziphi na izigwebo ezichasene nabalawuli okanye abanini kwiifayile zabo zabathengi.

Unxibelelwano (apho lukhoyo). Ezinye iimveliso ziqhagamshela abalawuli okanye amalungu kwiziko, ukuze umsebenzisi abone ukuba ngubani na oma emva kweshishini. Oko akuthathi indawo yotsalo lwabathengi olwahlukileyo kwabo bantu xa amandla omntu okanye isiqinisekiso sisemda.

I-CIPC kunye neenkcukacha zoluntu. Ubume bokubhaliswa kwenkampani, imbuyekezo yonyaka, kunye nolunye ulwazi loluntu lungabandakanywa okanye lufumaneke ecaleni kwedatha yeziko. Oku kuxhasa ungqinisiso kunye nomxholo kodwa ayisiyondawo yentlawulo kunye nedatha yokuvezwa.

Idatha yorhwebo ayifaniswanga kubo bonke ababoneleli. Uyilo kunye nobunzulu buhluke phakathi kweShishini le-Experian, i-Datanamix yoshishino olunikezwayo, kunye nabanye. Njenge ingxelo yekhredithi yamaziko amaninzi eMzantsi Afrika iindlela zedatha yabathengi, ukutsala ukusuka kwimithombo yorhwebo engaphezulu kwesinye kunokuphucula ukhuselo xa uvavanya izinto ezinkulu okanye ezintsokothileyo.

Ukuthobela kunye noMongo woLawulo

Ikhredithi yomthengi ilawulwa ngamandla phantsi koMthetho weNtengo weSizwe kwaye ijongwe nguNCR. Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka, izibonelelo zokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweofisi zakhiwe malunga nomthengi (umntu wendalo okanye umntu osemthethweni ofanelekileyo) kunye neenkcukacha zabathengi. Iingxelo zabathengi zondla ngokuthe ngqo ekufikeleleni kwe-NCA kunye nokwenza izigqibo.

Ikhredithi yorhwebo okanye yeshishini ayixhomekeke kwiNCA ngendlela efanayo. Ukuboleka iinkampani kunye neeCCs kuwela phantsi kwemimiselo eyahlukeneyo; Ukufikeleleka kwe-NCA kunye nesikhokelo sokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali siyasebenzaikakhulu kwityala lomthengi. Oko akuthethi ukuba ikhredithi yorhwebo ayilawulwa. I-POPIA isebenza kuzo zombini iinkcukacha zabathengi kunye nezorhwebo; ababhalisi be-bureau kufuneka babe nesiseko esisemthethweni sokufikelela kunye nokusebenzisa idatha. Imigangatho yekhontrakthi kunye neshishini (umzekelo, i-Credit Bereau Association, i-SACRRA) ikwasebenza kwindlela idatha yorhwebo exelwa ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe ngayo.

Abanini bodwa banokuhlala emdeni. Xa umntu ofanayo evavanywa njengomntu kwisiqinisekiso somntu okanye njengomqhubi weshishini, zombini umthengi kunye nedatha yezorhwebo inokufaneleka. Imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka icace: xa sitsala ingxelo yomthengi kuphela, sitsala nini urhwebo kuphela, kwaye sizitsala nini zombini.

Isicelo esiSebenzayo: Utsalwa nini ukuba yeyiphi iNgxelo

Ukuvavanya inkampani okanye i-CC. Tsala ingxelo yekhredithi yorhwebo kwiziko. Yisebenzisele ukuvezwa kwequmrhu, ukuziphatha korhwebo, kunye neziganeko ezimbi. Ukuba isivumelwano sifuna iziqinisekiso zomlawuli okanye uvavanyo lwesakhono somntu, tsala iingxelo zabathengi kubantu abafanelekileyo ngokunjalo. Ezi zimbini ziyahambelana: urhwebo kwishishini, umthengi kumntu.

Ukuvavanywa komnini oyedwa. Tsala ingxelo yomthengi kumntu ngamnye (unoxanduva lobuqu). Ukuba ipropu yodwa inorhwebo okanye izibonelelo zoshishino kwigama leshishini, yongeza idatha yorhwebo okanye yorhwebo apho ikhoyo ukuze ukuvezwa kweshishini kunye nokuziphatha kungaphoswa. Iimali mboleko zamashishini amancinci kunye nee-ovadrafti zixhomekeke kuzo zombini.

Iimveliso zabathengi kuphela. Xa imveliso ingumthengi ngokucacileyo (umzekelo, imali-mboleko yobuqu, imali yemoto egameni lomntu, ikhadi levenkile), ingxelo yomthengiigalelo lokuqala elichanekileyo. Idatha yoRhwebo ayifuni ngaphandle kokuba isicelo okanye umgaqo-nkqubo uzisa ngokucacileyo ingeniso yeshishini okanye ityala leshishini.

Abarhwebi kunye neefemu zeemveliso ezininzi. Abarhwebi bamatyala ababeka zombini izivumelwano zabathengi kunye nezoshishino bafuna imithetho ecacileyo yangaphakathi: loluphi uhlobo lwengxelo olunyanzelekileyo ukuba yeyiphi imveliso, kwaye xa zombini zifuneka. Ukungaguquguquki kuthintela ukutsalwa kohlobo lwengxelo engeyiyo kwaye kuxhasa uphicotho-zincwadi nokuthotyelwa.

Yeyabani Le

Lo mahluko ubalulekile kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko ababonelela ngeemali-mboleko ze-SME, iimali ze-asethi, okanye ii-ovadrafti zeshishini; ku abarhwebi ngetyala abavavanya amashishini okanye abarhwebi ababodwa kwaye bawathelekise nababolekisi; kunye nakweyiphi na ingcali ekufuneka ithathe isigqibo sokuba itsale idatha yabathengi, idatha yorhwebo, okanye zombini. Ukusebenzisa ingxelo yomthengi xa isifundo sishishini, okanye ukusebenzisa ingxelo yorhwebo kuphela xa amandla omntu ephantsi, kunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokukhusela. Ukwazi umahluko—kwaye xa uhlobo lwengxelo nganye lufanelekile—yinxalenye yovavanyo lwetyala olulungele injongo eMzantsi Afrika.

Amanyathelo Alandelayo

Iingxelo zamatyala omthengi nezorhwebo eMzantsi Afrika zibonelela ngezifundo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo. Iingxelo zabathengi zichaza umntu; Iingxelo zetyala lorhwebo zichaza iqumrhu. Kwiinkampani kunye neeCC, idatha yorhwebo ibalulekile; kubanini bodwa, zombini iinkcukacha zabathengi kunye nezorhwebo zingafuneka. Ukuxhomekeka kwiingxelo zabathengi kuphela xa kuhlolwa ishishini kushiya i-exposure kunye nezithuba zokuziphatha kwaye kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingaphelelanga okanye ezingahambelaniyo. Ukuba ungathanda ukubona ukuba yakhiwe njani ingxelo yetyalaUhlalutyo lunokuxhasa ukuhanjiswa komsebenzi wabathengi kunye norhwebo kwindawo enye, dibana no ukuxoxa ngemeko yakho yosetyenziso kunye nendlela yokuguqula idatha yeofisi ibe luvavanyo olungaguqukiyo, oluphicothekayo.