Iimfuno zoLawulo lwe-Micro-Lender

Ababolekisi ngemali abancinci eMzantsi Afrika basebenza phantsi kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo efanayo nababoneleli ngetyala abakhulu. I-National Credit Act (NCA) kunye ne-National Credit Regulator (NCR) zisebenzisa iimfuno ezifanayo zokufikeleleka, amaxwebhu, kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi nokuba uyibhanki okanye ungumniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko omncinci obhalisiweyo. Umahluko uyasebenza: ababolekisi abancinci bakholisa ukuba namaqela amancinci, imida engqongqo, kwaye akukho sebe elizinikeleyo lokuthobela. Ubunzima bokulawula ayingomsebenzi wokuphawula ibhokisi kuphela; ngumngeni wokwenene wokusebenza ochaphazela indlela ozivavanya ngayo izicelo, ubeke amaxabiso, kwaye ulungiselele uphicotho. Esi sikhokelo sibandakanya iimfuno zolawulo lwababolekisi abancinci eMzantsi Afrika eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuthotyelo lwemihla ngemihla: Iindidi zobhaliso lwe-NCR, izibophelelo zeNCA ezibetha kakhulu ababoneleli abancinci, inzala kunye nomrhumo, kunye nomsantsa phakathi kokwazi imithetho kunye nokusebenza kwayo.

Iindidi zoBhaliso ze-NCR zabaBolekisi abancinci

Phambi kokwandiswa kwetyala, kufuneka ubhalise kwi-NCR. ICandelo lama-40 loMthetho weSizwe weTyala liyabalela abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko ekubeni bangene kwizivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko ngaphandle kokuba babhalisiwe. Akukho kukhululwa kubabolekisi abancinci okanye imisebenzi encinci; isango elifanayo lisebenza kumntu wonke.

Ababoneleli ngetyala bahlelwa nge-isayizi yencwadi yemali-mboleko. Udidi A lusebenza kwiincwadi zemali-mboleko ezingaphaya kwe-R500 yezigidi; Udidi B lugubungela i-R100 lezigidi ukuya kuma-R500 ezigidi; ICandelo C lihlawula izigidi ezili-R10 ukuya kwi-R100 lezigidi; kwaye Udidi D lubandakanya iincwadi zemali-mboleko ezingaphantsi kwe-R10 lezigidi. Uninzi lwababolekisi abancinci bawela kuDidi C okanye D. Udidi lumisela unyaka wakhoimirhumo yokubhalisa kunye nemigangatho yokunika ingxelo, kodwa ayinciphisi izibophelelo zakho ezibambekayo. Zonke iindidi kufuneka zibonise isimo esifanelekileyo nesifanelekileyo somntu, iziseko zophuhliso zokuthotyelwa, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina iirekhodi. I-NCR ilindele ubungqina bokuba uyaziqonda izibophelelo zakho phantsi kwe- UMthetho wamaTyala weSizwe kwaye uneenkqubo endaweni yokuhlangabezana nazo.

Izibophelelo eziqhubekayo zisebenza emva kokubhaliswa. Kufuneka uhlaziye rhoqo ngonyaka, uhlawule imirhumo, ungenise iimbuyekezo zeenkcukacha-manani, kwaye ugcine iziseko ezingundoqo zokuthobela ozibophelele kuzo xa ubhalisa. I-NCR inokuphicotha nanini na kwaye iya kulindela ukuba imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ihambelane noko ukubhengezileyo. Ukufumana ucazululo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yesicelo, uxwebhu, kunye nemisebenzi eqhubekayo, bona i- Isikhokelo seemfuno zobhaliso lwe-NCR.

Iimfuno zeNCA ezibetha kakhulu abaBoleki abancinci

I-NCA imisela imisebenzi efanayo kubo bonke abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko. Kubabolekisi-mali abancinci abanabasebenzi abambalwa, le miba ilandelayo idala olona xinzelelo: uvavanyo lokufikeleleka, iimali zenzala kunye neentlawulo, umngcipheko wokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali, kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi.

Iimvavanyo zokufikeleleka (iCandelo lama-81)

ICandelo lama-81 lifuna ukuba phambi kokuba ungene kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko, uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zemali ezikhoyo zomboleki, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo, kunye nokuqonda kwabo imingcipheko neendleko zentengo yemboleko ecetywayo. Kufuneka usekele uvavanyo kulwazi olukhoyo kuwe, kubandakanywa nolwazi oluvela kwiziko lamatyala. Enyanisweni, oko kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ingeniso, ukuphonononga idatha ye-bureau evela kwi-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, okanye ezinye iiofisi, kunye nokugqiba ukubaisavenge siyafikeleleka ecaleni kwamatyala akhoyo. Uvavanyo kufuneka lubhalwe. Akukho ndlela imfutshane kubabolekisi abancinci; i-NCR ilindele umgangatho ofanayo nokuba imali-mboleko ngama-R5,000 okanye ama-R500,000. Izixhobo ezilungisa idatha yeofisi kunye nokwenza ukubala okufikelelekayo zinceda amaqela amancinane ukuba asebenzise iCandelo lama-81 rhoqo. Kunyango olugqalileyo lokuba ababolekisi abancinci bangayenza njani le nkqubo, bona Isoftware yovavanyo lwamatyala amancinci eMzantsi Afrika.

Ukuboleka imali ngokungenankathalo (Icandelo 80)

ICandelo lama-80 lichaza ikhredithi engakhathaliyo. Ityala alinankathalo ukuba uye wasilela ukwenza uhlolo olululo (iCandelo 80(1)(a)), okanye ukuba ungene kwisivumelwano nangona usazi okanye unesizathu sokwazi ukuba umboleki ebengayiqondi imingcipheko okanye ebesematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo (iCandelo 80(1)(b)). Ikhonkco eliya kwiCandelo lama-81 lithe ngqo: uvavanyo olufanelekileyo, olubhaliweyo lokufikeleleka lolona khuselo lwakho malunga nokufunyanwa kwemboleko-mali ngokungakhathali. Ukuba unikezela ngetyala ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya ukufikeleleka, okanye unikezela xa uvavanyo lwakho lubonisa ukuba netyala elingaphaya kwamandla akho, ubeka emngciphekweni izivumelwano eziyekisiweyo, izohlwayo, kunye nokunyanzelisa amanyathelo. Ababolekisi-mali abancinci abanakuthembela ku-”thina sincinci” ukuthethelela iinkqubo ezibuthathaka; I-NCR isebenzisa umgangatho ofanayo.

Inzala kunye neNgxowa-mali eyiNtloko (iCandelo le-105)

Icandelo le-105 le-NCA linika uMphathiswa igunya lokumisela amazinga aphezulu enzala kunye neentlawulo eziphezulu kunye neentlawulo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezivumelwano zekhredithi. Amazinga amiselweyo abekwe kwimimiselo kwaye ayahluka ngokohlobo lwemveliso. Ityala lexeshana elifutshane (umzekelo, imali-mboleko yosuku lokuhlawula) ixhomekeke kumlinganiselo ophantsi wenyanga (umzekelo, i-5% ngenyanga kwimali-mboleko yokuqalaIkhalenda yonyaka kunye ne-3% ngenyanga kwimali-mboleko elandelayo kulo nyaka). Ikhredithi engakhuselekanga kunye nekhredithi yophuhliso ineenkcazo zazo zonyaka ezimiselweyo. Imirhumo yokuqalisa, imirhumo yenkonzo, kunye nezinye iintlawulo nazo zivaliwe; imimiselo ichaza ezona mali ziphezulu okanye iifomyula (umzekelo, ipesenti yenqununu okanye i-Rand cap). Ukuhlawulisa ngaphezu kobuninzi obumiselweyo kunokunika isivumelwano phantsi koqwalaselo kwaye kunokukubhentsisa kwisenzo se-NCR. Ababolekisi abancinci ababonelela ngemali-mboleko yexesha elifutshane okanye engakhuselekanga kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba amaxabiso abo-inzala kunye nayo yonke imirhumo-iwela phakathi kwemida emiselweyo yolo hlobo lwesivumelwano. Amanani achanekileyo abekwe kwimimiselo kwaye ahlaziywa ngamaxesha athile; Iwebhusayithi ye-NCR kunye neGazethi kaRhulumente yimithombo egunyazisiweyo.

Ukugcinwa kwerekhodi

I-NCA kunye ne-NCR zilindele ukuba ugcine iirekhodi zezivumelwano zekhredithi, uhlolo lokufikeleleka, kunye namaxwebhu anxulumeneyo ngamaxesha amiselweyo. Xa i-NCR iphicotha okanye iphanda isikhalazo, iya kucela ukubona ukuba isigqibo senziwe njani: yeyiphi ingxelo yeziko esetyenzisiweyo, zeziphi izibalo ezenziweyo, kwaye kutheni ikhredithi inikwe okanye yaliwe. IiPDF ezisasazekileyo kunye neespredishithi zenza kube nzima ukuvelisa obo bungqina ngokukhawuleza nangokuhambelanayo. Ababolekisi abancinci abakha ukuhamba komsebenzi okucwangcisiweyo kunye iindlela zophicotho kwinkqubo yabo behlisa umngcipheko wophicotho kunye noxinzelelo.

Ilifa le-MFSA kunye nokuVeliswa koLawulo

Ababolekisi ngemali abancinci eMzantsi Afrika abasoloko belawulwa phantsi kweebhanki kunye nababoneleli ngetyala abakhulu. Phambi kokuba i-NCA iqalise ukusebenza ngoJuni ka-2007, ishishini lalisebenza phantsi kolunye uhlobopatchwork: Umthetho we-Usury Act, ukukhululwa kwiimali-mboleko ezithile ezincinci, kunye namaqumrhu oshishino afana ne-Micro Finance South Africa (MFSA). I-MFSA imele ababolekisi abancinci kunye nemigangatho ephakanyisiweyo kunye nokuzilawula. Xa i-NCA yayiphunyezwa, ababolekisi-mali bangeniswa phantsi kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho efanayo nabanye abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko. Ukubhaliswa kwi-NCR kwaba sisinyanzelo; Iimvavanyo zokufikeleleka, ukubhengeza, kunye neendleko zokuhlawula ezisetyenziswa kubabolekisi abancinci ngendlela efanayo nakwabanye ababoneleli. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwindawo ezimeleyo, ngokuyinxenye ezilawulayo ukuya kwi-NCA epheleleyo kuye kwanyusa umthwalo wothotyelo kodwa kwakhona kwalinganisa ibala lokudlala kwaye kwacacisa imithetho. Namhlanje, akukho didi lobhaliso “lombolekisi omncinci” olwahlukileyo; ubhalisa njengomniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kwaye uhlelwa ngokwesayizi yencwadi yemali-mboleko. Ukuqonda le mbali kunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni imeko yolawulo lwababolekisi-mali abancinci namhlanje ihambelana neshishini lonke kwaye kutheni iziseko zokuthotyelwa zingenakuxoxisana.

Izinga lenzala kunye neeNgxowa-mali eziziiNkosana zokuSebenza

Icandelo le-105 kunye nemigaqo eyenziwe phantsi kwalo imisela amazinga aphezulu enzala kunye neentlawulo ngokohlobo lwesivumelwano sentengo yemboleko. Ezi ndidi ziquka izivumelwano zokubambisa, izibonelelo zekhredithi, iitransekshini zekhredithi ezingakhuselekanga, izivumelwano zophuhliso lwekhredithi, iintengiselwano zexesha elifutshane, kunye nezinye. Ngamnye unesakhiwo sakhe se-cap (umzekelo ngonyaka okanye ngenyanga). Imirhumo enjengemirhumo yokuqalisa kunye neentlawulo zenkonzo imiselwe ngokufanayo; umzekelo, imirhumo yokuqalisa inkonzo inokudityaniswa njengepesenti yesixa-mali esiyintloko okanye njengobuninzi beRandi, kwaye imirhumo yenkonzo yenyanga ingaxhomekekaisilingi. Amanani achanekileyo abekwe nguMphathiswa kwimimiselo kwaye angatshintsha; kufuneka ujonge imimiselo yangoku kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ixabiso lemveliso yakho liyahambelana.

Umzekeliso kuphela: umbolekisi-mali wexesha elifutshane unokuhlawulisa ubuninzi be-5% ngenyanga kwimali-mboleko yokuqala kunyaka wekhalenda kunye ne-3% ngenyanga kwiimali-mboleko ezilandelayo kuloo nyaka, kunye nayo nayiphi na imali evumelekileyo yokuqalisa kunye neentlawulo zenkonzo ngaphakathi komlinganiselo omiselweyo. Umbolekisi wexesha elingakhuselekanga uya kubotshelelwa yireyithi emiselweyo yonyaka yetyala elingakhuselwanga kunye neemali zomrhumo ezifanelekileyo. Ukogqitha ubuninzi obumiselweyo kunokukhokelela ekubeni isivumelwano sibhengezwe njengesingenankathalo okanye singekho mthethweni ngokuyinxenye, kunye nonyanzeliso lwe-NCR. Ababolekisi-mali abancinci kufuneka bakhe ujongo lwamaxabiso kuyilo lwemveliso yabo kunye nokuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze iireyithi kunye neentlawulo zingaze zophule i-caps.

Imingeni esebenzayo yoLawulo lwabaBoni-mali abancinci

Ukwazi imithetho yinto enye; ukuzisebenzisa kuyenye. Ababolekisi abancinci badla ngokusokola kwiinkalo ezintathu: amaxwebhu, ukulungela uphicotho-zincwadi, kunye nendlela yokusebenza engatshintshiyo.

Amaxwebhu athetha ukuba lonke uvavanyo lokufikeleleka lurekhodwa ngendlela ebonisa ukuba yeyiphi idatha esetyenzisiweyo, yatolikwa njani, kwaye kwakutheni ukuze kwenziwe isigqibo. Xa abavavanyi besebenza kwiofisi yePDF kunye noluhlu lokujonga ingqondo, loo mkhondo ubuthathaka okanye ulahlekile. Iimbono zovavanyo olusemgangathweni kunye nezikrini zezigqibo ezithatha ingqiqo kwinqanaba lesigqibo ziphucula amaxwebhu ngaphandle kokongeza inkqubo enzima.

Ukulungela uphicotho-zincwadi kuthetha ukuba xa i-NCR okanye umphicothi-zincwadi ecela ifayile, unokuvelisa ingxelo yeofisi, ubalo lokufikeleleka, kunye nesigqibo.rekhoda ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwindawo enye. Xa iingxelo zikwifolda enye, amanqaku kwenye, kunye nezigqibo kwiCRM okanye i-imeyile, indibano iyacotha kwaye ayiphelelanga. Iinkqubo ezinxulumanisa ukutsalwa kwe-bureau, izibalo, kunye nezigqibo kwindlela enye yophicotho-zincwadi zenza iimpendulo zophicotho-zincwadi zikhawuleze kwaye zikhuseleke ngakumbi.

Indlela yokusebenza engaguqukiyo ithetha ukuba abafaki-zicelo abafanayo bavavanywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifanayo kunye nolwakhiwo olufanayo. Xa umvavanyi ngamnye esebenzisa imigangatho eyahluke kancinane okanye efunda iingxelo zeofisi ngokwahlukileyo, iziphumo ziyahluka kwaye kuba nzima ukubonisa inkqubo enobulungisa, ecwangcisiweyo. Ukuchaza imilinganiselo kunye nokunikezela ngedatha ye-bureau ngendlela efanayo ixhasa ukungaguquguquki kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ezingalindelekanga okanye ezicalulayo. Ukuze ufumane isishwankathelo sendlela isoftware yovavanyo lwetyala enokuxhasa ngayo ezi njongo kuzo zonke iindidi zababoneleli, bona i- isikhokelo sovavanyo lwetyala loMzantsi Afrika.

Ngubani Oku Kuchaphazelayo

Esi sikhokelo sijolise ku NCR-ebhalisiweyo ababolekisi ngemali encinci, ababoneleli beentengo zemboleko abancinci, kunye nababolekisi-mali abasakhasayo ababonelela ngetyala kubathengi eMzantsi Afrika. Ukuba ubhalisiwe njengomniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko (ngokuqhelekileyo kuDidi C okanye D) kwaye unikezela ngeemali-mboleko zexeshana elifutshane, imali-mboleko yobuqu engakhuselekanga, okanye iimveliso ezifanayo, uphantsi kweemfuneko ezifanayo zeNCA kunye ne-NCR ezichazwe apha. Akukho mgangatho uncitshisiweyo we “micro” okanye “incinci”; umlawuli ulindele ukuthotyelwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezifanayo, amaxwebhu, kunye nokubambelela kwii-caps. Ukwakha oko kwimisebenzi yakho kwasekuqaleni kunciphisa umngcipheko kwaye kukubeka kwisikali ngaphandle kwetyala lokuthobela.

Funda indlela yokuSebenzisa ukuThotyelwa

Iimfuno zolawulo lwababolekisi abancinci eMzantsi Afrikazicacile emthethweni kodwa zifuna ngenkani. Ubhaliso lwe-NCR, iCandelo lama-81 lovavanyo lokufikeleleka, iCandelo lama-80 lokhuseleko lokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali, iCandelo le-105 lenzala kunye nee-caps zentlawulo, kunye nezibophelelo zokugcinwa kweerekhodi zisebenza kumniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko ngamnye. Umceli mngeni kubabolekisi-mali abancinci kukudibana nabo namaqela amancinci kunye nemida engqongqo. Iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo-idatha ye-bureau kwindawo enye, iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni, kunye neendlela zophicotho ezakhelwe ngaphakathi-zijika ukuthotyelwa kwisiphumo sendlela osebenza ngayo kunokuba ubambe ngomzuzu wokugqibela. Ukuba ufuna ukubona ukuba uvavanyo lwetyala olucwangcisiweyo kunye nophicotho-lulungele ukuhamba komsebenzi kunokuxhasa umsebenzi wakho wokubolekisa ngemali encinci, dibana no. Singakuhamba ngendlela idatha ye-bureau, izibalo zokufikeleleka, kunye namaxwebhu esigqibo adibana ngayo ukuze i-NCR ilungele ukuthotyelwa.