Isikhokelo sokuThobela uMthetho weTyala weSizwe | Mzantsi Afrika

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho weSizwe weTyala akuxoxiswana naye nabani na osebenza kushishino lwamatyala eMzantsi Afrika. Abaniki-nkonzo zamatyala, abacebisi ngamatyala, kunye nabathengi bamatyala bajongene neemfuneko ezingqongqo zolawulo ezilawula indlela abazivavanya ngayo izicelo, izigqibo zoxwebhu, kunye nokugcina iirekhodi. Nangona kunjalo iifemu ezininzi ziyasokola ukuhlangabezana nezi zibophelelo ngokungaguquguqukiyo ngenxa yokuba zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zezandla, amaxwebhu asasaziweyo, kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi we-ad hoc okwenza ukuthobela kube ngumthwalo osebenzayo kunokuba ibe yinto eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokusebenza.

I-National Credit Regulator ilindele ukubona indlela yokwenza izigqibo ezingaguqukiyo, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, ukulandeleka kweziphumo, kunye nezizathu ezicacileyo zesigqibo ngasinye setyala. Xa uphicotho-zincwadi lwenzeka okanye kuvela izikhalazo, iifemu kufuneka zikwazi ukubonisa ukuba zilandele inkqubo efanelekileyo, zisebenzise imigaqo ngobulungisa, kwaye zigcine iirekhodi ezipheleleyo. Ngaphandle kweendlela ezicwangcisiweyo zovavanyo lwetyala kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi, ukuhlangabezana nolu lindelo kuba nzima kwaye kubangele uxinzelelo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza eyona mfanelo iphambili yokuthotyelwa phantsi koMthetho weSizwe weTyala, sicacisa ukuba abalawuli bajonga ntoni na ngexesha lophicotho-zincwadi, kwaye sibonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zinokujika njani ukuthotyelwa komthombo wonxunguphalo kube sisiphumo sendalo sokusebenza kakuhle.

Isishwankathelo soMthetho wamaTyala weSizwe

UMthetho weNtengo weSizwe (uMthetho wama-34 ka-2005) uqale ukusebenza ngoJuni ka-2007, ngokusisiseko ulungisa ngokutsha indlela intengo yemboleko ebonelelwa ngayo kwaye ilawulwe ngayo eMzantsi Afrika. UMthetho usebenza kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, amaziko agcina inkcazelo ngeentengo zemboleko, abacebisi ngamatyala, kunye nabathengi bamatyala—ngokuqinisekileyo nabani na obandakanyekayo kuvavanyo lwetyala, unikezelo, okanye inkqubo yokucetyiswa. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukukhuthaza ukuboleka imali okunenkathalo, ukuthintela ukungena ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokukhusela abathengi kwizenzo ezigwenxa ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba iimarike zemboleko zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

UMthetho useka isakhelo sendlela izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko ekufuneka zakhiwe ngayo, loluphi ulwazi ekufuneka luxelwe kubathengi, kwaye kufuneka luqhutywe njani na ukufikeleleka kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko. Iyakuthintela ukuboleka imali ngokungenankathalo, ifuna uhlolo olufanelekileyo lokufikeleleka phambi kokwandiswa kwetyala, kunye nogunyaziso lokuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko bagcine iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo zeenkqubo zabo zokwenza izigqibo. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, uMthetho ubeka inkqubo yoqwalaselo ngokutsha lwamatyala, iimfuno zokuvavanya ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nezibophelelo zokunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nababoleki kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi.

I-National Credit Regulator (NCR) yasekwa phantsi koMthetho ukuze longamele ukuthotyelwa, ukubhalisa abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala, ukwenza uphicotho-zincwadi, kunye nokunyanzelisa umthetho. I-NCR inamagunya abanzi okuphanda izikhalazo, ukufuna amaxwebhu, ukuwisa izohlwayo, kwaye kumatyala anzima, ukucinywa kwamashishini okanye ukudlulisela imiba kutshutshiso lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuqonda iimfuno zoMthetho kunye nolindelo lwe-NCR kubalulekile kuye nawuphi na umntu oqeqeshelwe ngetyala ofuna ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwaye aphephe amanyathelo olawulo.

Lo Mthetho usebenza kunye neminye imithetho, kubandakanywa uMthetho woKhuseleko loLwazi loBuqu (POPIA) kunye neMimiselo yeBhrohrehshini yeKhredithi, udala imeko ebanzi yolawulo. Iingcali zetyala kufuneka zijonge izibophelelo ezininzi ngaxeshanye: Iimfuno zeNCA zovavanyo lwetyala kunye nokubhengezwa, iimfuno zePOPIA zokhuseleko lwedatha kunye nokhuseleko, kunye neCredit Bureau Regulations yokugcina idatha kunye nokunika ingxelo. Ukuthobela akunyanzelekanga, kwaye iziphumo zokungathobeli zinokuba mbi.

IziBonelelo eziPhambili zokuThobela kubaBoneleli-tyala

Abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko bajongana nezinye zezona zibophelelo zingqongqo phantsi koMthetho wamaTyala weSizwe. ICandelo lama-81 lifuna ukuba phambi kokuba angene kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka enze uhlolo lokufikeleleka ukuze aqinisekise ukuba umboleki angayifumana na intengo yemboleko ecetywayo. Olu vavanyo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo iindlela zezimali zomboleki, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo, kwaye kufuneka zibhalwe. ICandelo lama-82 liyakuthintela ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali—ukwandisa intengo yemboleko xa umniki-nkonzo esazi okanye ebefanele ukuba wayesazi ukuba umboleki akanakukwazi ukuyihlawula okanye ukungena kwisivumelwano kuya kwenza umboleki abe netyala eligqithileyo ematyaleni.

Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka ayingomsebenzi webhokisi yophawu lokukorekisha. Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka babonise ukuba bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuqinisekisa ingeniso yomboleki, iindleko, kunye nezibophelelo ezikhoyo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphonononga iipayslips, iingxelo zebhanki, kunye neengxelo ze-credit bureau ezivela kubaboneleli abafana ne-Experian, Datanamix, okanye TransUnion. Kubanikezeli bekhredithi abasebenzisa i- isoftware ezinikeleyo, ukuhanjiswa komsebenzi okucwangcisiweyo kunokwenza le nkqubo ibe semgangathweni kwaye iqinisekise ukungaguquguquki. Uvavanyo kufuneka lubhalwe ngendlela ebonisa ukuba isigqibo sifikelelwe njani, yeyiphi idatha eyaqwalaselwayo, kwaye kutheni umniki-nkonzo egqibe ekubeni ikhredithi yayifikeleleka okanye ayinakufikeleleka.

Iimfuno zokuxela zibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka babonelele abathengi ngeengxelo zesivumelwano sangaphambili kunye neekowuteshini ezibeka ngokucacileyo ixabiso lentengo yemboleko, inzala, imirhumo, kunye nemiqathango yokuhlawula. UMthetho uchaza ukuba loluphi ulwazi ekufuneka lubandakanyiwe kwaye kufuneka lunikezelwe njani. Ukungaphumeleli ukunikezela ngobhengezo olufanelekileyo kungenza ukuba izivumelwano zetyala zinganyanzelisi kwaye ziveze ababoneleli kwizohlwayo.

Izibophelelo zokugcina iirekhodi yandisa ngaphaya kovavanyo lokuqala. Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi zazo zonke izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko, uhlolo lokufikeleleka, kunye namaxwebhu anxulumeneyo ngamaxesha amiselweyo. Ezi rekhodi mazifikeleleke ngeenjongo zophicotho-zincwadi kwaye kufuneka zibonise ukuba umboneleli-nkonzo uyilandele inkqubo efanelekileyo. Xa i-NCR iqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi okanye iphanda isikhalazo, ilindele ukubona iifayile ezipheleleyo ezibonisa indlela yokusebenza engaguqukiyo, uxwebhu olufanelekileyo, kunye nokulandeleka kwezigqibo.

Isithintelo sokubolekisa ngemali ngokungakhathali sidala izibophelelo eziqhubekayo. Nokuba ngaba uvavanyo lokufikeleleka lwenziwe kwasekuqaleni, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko angafunyaniswa ebandakanyeke ekubolekeni ngokungenankathalo ukuba ulwazi olulandelayo lubonisa ukuba umboleki ebengenako ukuhlawula intengo yemboleko okanye ukuba umniki-nkonzo usilele ukwenza inkuthalo efanelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko abanakuthembela kuvavanyo lokuqala—kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zabo zomelele kwaye bangazithethelela izigqibo zabo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo ngelo xesha.

IziBonelelo eziPhambili zokuThobela kubaCebisi kwezamaTyala

Abacebisi bamatyala basebenza phantsi kweembophelelo ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo. UMthetho weNtengo weSizwe useka inkqubo yokuphononongwa kwetyala njengendlela yokunceda abathengi abatshone ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo bahlengahlengise izibophelelo zabo kwaye baphephe amanyathelo asemthethweni. Abacebisi kumatyala emboleko kufuneka bahlole ukuba ingaba umboleki unamatyala agqithisileyo kusini na, baphuhlise izindululo zohlengahlengiso lwetyala, kwaye banxibelelane nabanikezeli bekhredithi ukuze bathethathethane ngamalungiselelo okuhlawula.

Uvavanyo lokutshona kakhulu ematyaleni lufuna uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwemeko yemali yomboleki. Abacebisi kumatyala emboleko kufuneka baphonononge iingxelo ze-credit bureau, baqinisekise ingeniso kunye neendleko, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba izibophelelo zomboleki zingaphaya kwamandla abo okuhlawula. Olu vavanyo kufuneka lubhalwe ngokucokisekileyo, lubonise indlela umcebisi afikelele ngayo kwisigqibo sakhe kwaye yeyiphi idatha eyaqwalaselwa. I-NCR ilindele ukubona indlela yokusebenza engaguqukiyo kuwo onke amatyala kunye nezizathu ezicacileyo zeengcebiso.

Iimfuno zamaxwebhu zabacebisi bamatyala zibanzi. Yonke ifayile yetyala kufuneka iqulathe uvavanyo lokuqala, iingxelo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiziko lamatyala, ukubalwa komlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso, izindululo ezithunyelwe kubaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko, iimpendulo ezifunyenweyo, kunye nezivumelwano zokugqibela ekufikelelwe kuzo. Ifayile kufuneka ichaze ibali elipheleleyo: indlela umcebisi oyivavanye ngayo imeko, yintoni abayicebiseyo, kunye nendlela umba owasonjululwa ngayo. Amaxwebhu angaphelelanga okanye angahambelaniyo adala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kwaye kunokukhokelela kwisenzo sokulawula.

Izibophelelo zonxibelelwano nazo zibalulekile. Abacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka bagcine abathengi benolwazi malunga nenkqubela phambili yamatyala abo, bachaze izindululo ngokucacileyo, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba abathengi bayawaqonda amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo zabo. Kufuneka kwakhona banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, banike ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwaye baphendule imibuzo ngokukhawuleza. Unxibelelwano olulambathayo lunokulibazisa izisombululo, ludanise onke amaqela, kwaye ludale nezizathu zezikhalazo.

Izibophelelo zokunika ingxelo ze-NCR zifuna ukuba abacebisi bamatyala bangenise iingxelo rhoqo ngemisebenzi yabo, kubandakanywa nenani lamatyala athe aphathwa, iziphumo eziphunyeziweyo, kunye nayo nayiphi na imiba ekuhlangatyezwene nayo. Ezi ngxelo zinceda i-NCR ibeke iliso kushishino kwaye ichonge iintsingiselo okanye iingxaki. Ukungaphumeleli ukungenisa iingxelo okanye ukungenisa ulwazi olungachanekanga kunokubangela izohlwayo okanye ukucinywa kobhaliso.

Inkqubo yokucetyiswa ngamatyala inzima, ibandakanya amaqela amaninzi, iimfuno zomthetho, kunye namaxesha anzima. Abacebisi bamatyala abathembele kwiinkqubo zezandla, amaxwebhu asasaziweyo, okanye ukuhamba komsebenzi we-ad hoc bayasokola ukuhlangabezana nezi zibophelelo ngokungaguqukiyo. Isoftware yokucebisa ngetyala ebeka idatha yemeko embindini, ibeka umgangatho wovavanyo, kwaye igcine iindlela zophicotho olupheleleyo zibalulekile ukuze kuthotyelwe isikali.

Indima yoMlawuli weSizwe weTyala

I-National Credit Regulator ngoyena mbutho uphambili wokunyanzeliswa kweNational Credit Act. Indima yayo idlulela ngaphaya kokubhalisa kunye nokongamela-ibeka esweni ngokubonakalayo ukuthotyelwa, ukuphanda izikhalazo, ukwenza uphicotho-zincwadi, kwaye ithatha amanyathelo okunyanzelisa xa kufunyenwe ukwaphulwa. Ukuqonda into elindelwe yi-NCR kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo kubalulekile kubasebenzi bekhredithi abafuna ukugcina ukuma okuhle.

Iimfuno zobhaliso iyahluka ngokwendima. Abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko kufuneka babhalise kwi-NCR phambi kokuba babe nokwandisa imali ngokusemthethweni. Abacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka bagqibe uqeqesho, baphumelele iimviwo, kwaye bagcine ubhaliso lokuziqhelanisa. Abathengisi bamatyala kufuneka nabo babhalise kwaye bathobele iimfuno eziqhubekayo. Inkqubo yobhaliso ibandakanya ukubonisa ukuba umenzi-sicelo uyaziqonda izibophelelo zabo kwaye uneenkqubo zokuhlangabezana nazo.

Amagunya ophicotho-zincwadi abanzi. I-NCR inokucela nawaphi na amaxwebhu anxulumene nezigqibo zetyala, iimvavanyo zokufikeleleka, okanye iifayile zetyala. Inokwenza uhlolo lwendawo, udliwano-ndlebe nabasebenzi, kwaye ifune iinkcazo ngezigqibo okanye iinkqubo. Uphicotho-zincwadi lunokuba yinto yesiqhelo okanye lubangelwe zizikhalazo, kwaye zinokujolisa kumatyala athile okanye iipatheni ezibanzi zokuziphatha. Iifemu ezingakwazi ukuvelisa iirekhodi ezipheleleyo, ezihambelanayo zijongene nomngcipheko omkhulu.

Amanyathelo okunyanzelisa asusela kwizilumkiso kunye nezaziso zokuthobela ukuya kwizohlwayo kunye nokucinywa kobhaliso. Kwiimeko ezimandundu ezibandakanya ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali okanye ukungathotyelwa okucwangcisiweyo, i-NCR inokubhekisa imiba ukuba itshutshiswe ngolwaphulo-mthetho. Iziphumo zidlulela ngaphaya kwezohlwayo zemali-ukucinywa kubhaliso kuthetha ukuba ifemu ayinakuqhubeka isebenza, kwaye izigwebo zolwaphulo-mthetho zithwala uxanduva lobuqu kubalawuli kunye nabaphathi.

Ulindelo lwe-NCR lucacile: indlela yokusebenza engaguqukiyo, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, ukulandeleka kwezigqibo, kunye nokuthetheleleka kweziphumo. Xa uphonononga iifayile, abaphicothi-zincwadi bafuna ubungqina bokuba zonke izigqibo zenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuba inkqubo ibhalwe phantsi, kwaye umphumo unokuchazwa ngokusekelwe kwidatha ekhoyo. Iifemu ezinokubonisa iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neendlela ezipheleleyo zophicotho ziqhuba ngcono kunezo zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zethutyana okanye iirekhodi ezingaphelelanga.

Ukulungiselela uphicotho-zincwadi lwe-NCR kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo, ingabi yinto ephithizelayo ngomzuzu wokugqibela. Iifemu ezakha ukuthotyelwa kwimisebenzi yazo yemihla ngemihla, zigcina iirekhodi ezicwangcisiweyo, kwaye zinokuvelisa iindlela zophicotho-zincwadi ezihambelanayo xa ziceliwe ukuba zinciphise umngcipheko kwaye zibonise ubungcali. Usukelo asikokuphepha ukuphicothwa—kukulungela nokubonisa ukuba intlangano izithabatha nzulu iimbopheleleko zayo.

UkuLungela uPhicotho-zincwadi kunye noGcino-Rekhodi

Ukulungela uphicotho-zincwadi kuxhomekeke ekubeni neerekhodi ezipheleleyo, ezifikelelekayo nezihambelanayo ezibonisa ukuthobela uMthetho weSizwe weTyala. Abaphicothi-zincwadi bajonga imiba engundoqo emininzi: indlela yokusebenza engaguqukiyo kuwo onke amatyala afanayo, ukulandeleka kwezigqibo zokufumana idatha, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ovavanyo kunye neziphumo, kunye nezizathu ezicacileyo zokuba kufikelelwe njani kwizigqibo.

Indlela yokusebenza engqinelanayo ithetha ukuba iimeko ezifanayo zisingathwa ngendlela efanayo. Ukuba abathengi ababini abaneeprofayili ezifanayo bafaka isicelo sekhredithi, inkqubo yovavanyo kufuneka ifane, nokuba iziphumo ziyahluka ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile. Abaphicothi-zincwadi bafuna ukubona ukuba ifem ineenkqubo ezichaziweyo nokuba ezo nkqubo ziyalandelwa. Iindlela ze-Ad hoc okanye ezingahambelaniyo ziphakamisa iiflegi ezibomvu kwaye zicebisa ukuba izigqibo zinokuba zingenamkhethe okanye zingalunganga.

Ukulandeleka kufuna ukuba isigqibo ngasinye sinokudityaniswa sibuyele kwidatha eyazisayo. Zeziphi iingxelo zecredit bureau ezathi zatsalwa? Zatsalwa nini? Zitsalwe ngubani? Loluphi ulwazi lwezo ngxelo olusetyenzisiweyo kuvavanyo? Yatolikwa njani loo nkcazelo? I-LINK_0_ mayiphendule le mibuzo ngokucacileyo. Xa iingxelo zigcinwa njengeePDF kwiidrive ekwabelwana ngazo okanye imisonto ye-imeyile, ukulandeleka kuba nzima. Iisistim ezicwangcisiweyo ezibonisa iintshukumo zestampu sexesha, zibalusele kubaqhubi abathile, kwaye ziqhagamshelanisa izigqibo zomthombo wedatha zidala iindlela zophicotho ezomeleleyo.

Amaxwebhu kufuneka aphelele kwaye afane. Amanqaku abhaliweyo kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga emva kokuba isigqibo senziwe athembeke kangako kunamaxwebhu adalwe ngelo xesha. Iimvavanyo zokufikeleleka kufuneka zibonise izibalo, ulungelelwaniso oluqwalaselweyo, kunye nengqiqo esetyenziswayo. Iirekhodi zesigqibo kufuneka zichaze ukuba kutheni isicelo samkelwe, saliwe, okanye sithunyelwe, kwaye kufuneka sibhekiselele kwidatha ethile exhasa eso sigqibo. Amaxwebhu angaphelelanga acebisa ukuba inkqubo efanelekileyo ayizange ilandelwe.

Ukuthetheleleka kweziphumo kuthetha ukuba abaphicothi-zincwadi banokusiqonda isizathu sokuba kufikelelwe kwisigqibo esithile. Ukuba isicelo saliwe, ifayile kufuneka ibonise ukuba yeyiphi imiba ekhokelele kweso siphumo. Ukuba isiphakamiso sohlengahlengiso lwetyala senziwe, kufuneka kucace ukuba umcebisi wagqiba njani ukuba imimiselo ecetywayo ifanelekile. Izizathu ezingacacanga okanye ezingekhoyo zidala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa.

IMimiselo yeBhrohreyithi yeKhredithi (uMmiselo 19) ichaza amaxesha okugcinwa kwedatha yekhredithi. Idatha yophando kufuneka igcinwe ubuncinane unyaka omnye, ngelixa idatha yeprofayili yentlawulo kufuneka igcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu. Iingcali zekhredithi kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zabo zokugcina iirekhodi ziyahambelana nezi mfuno kwaye idatha inokufunyanwa xa ifuneka kuphicotho-zincwadi okanye izikhalazo. Amaziko okuthenga ngetyala asebenza phantsi kwe Ikhowudi yokuziphatha yoMbutho wamaTyala, emisela imigangatho yomgangatho wedatha kunye namalungelo abathengi. Iinkqubo ezilawula ngokuzenzekelayo amaxesha okugcinwa kunye nokubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo, ukufikelela okuphendwayo ekuthotyelweni kwenkxaso yedatha yembali ngokufanelekileyo kuneenkqubo zokufayilisha ngesandla.

Ukhuseleko lwedatha kunye nePOPIA

UMthetho woKhuseleko lweNkcukacha zoMntu (POPIA) wongeza omnye umaleko wezibophelelo zokuthotyelwa kweengcali zekhredithi. Idatha yetyala yinkcukacha zomntu, kwaye iifemu eziyiphathayo kufuneka zithobele Iimfuno zePOPIA ukuze kuqhutywe ngokusemthethweni, ukhuseleko, kunye namalungelo edatha. Ukuqonda indlela iPOPIA edibana ngayo nemisebenzi yetyala kubalulekile ukuze kuthotyelwe ngokupheleleyo.

Iingcali zamatyala zidla ngokusebenza njengamaqela anoxanduva phantsi kwePOPIA—bamisela injongo kunye neendlela zokusetyenzwa kwedatha yetyala. Oku kuthetha ukuba banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenzwa kusemthethweni, ukuba abantu bedatha bayaziswa malunga nendlela idatha yabo esetyenziswa ngayo, kunye nokuba kukho amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo. Iimfuno zemvume ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo: abathengi badla ngokuvuma ukutshekishwa kwetyala xa befaka isicelo sentengo yemboleko, kodwa iifemu kusafuneka ziqinisekise ukuba ukusetyenzwa kuyimfuneko kwaye kuyalingana.

Izibophelelo zokhuseleko lwedatha zibaluleke kakhulu. I-POPIA ifuna amaqela anoxanduva aphumeze amanyathelo afanelekileyo obugcisa nawentlangano ukukhusela iinkcukacha zobuqu. Kwidatha yekhredithi, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukubethelwa ekuphumleni (usebenzisa imigangatho efana ne-AES-256), uguqulelo lwe-eNCRyption kwi-transit (usebenzisa i-TLS), ulawulo olusekelwe kwindima yokufikelela ekunciphiseni ukuba ngubani onokujonga okanye ukusebenzisa idatha, iilogi zokuphicotha ukulandelela ukufikelela kunye notshintsho, kwaye apho kufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi ukukhusela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.

Amaziko agcina inkcazelo ngeentengo zemboleko kunye nabanye ababoneleli ngeenkonzo banokusebenza njengabasebenzisi phantsi kwePOPIA—basebenza iinkcukacha egameni lamaqela anoxanduva. Xa iingcali zekhredithi zisebenzisa iinkonzo ze-bureau okanye amaqonga esoftware, kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abaqhubi bayayithobela iPOPIA kunye nokuba kukho iikhontrakthi ezifanelekileyo. Iqela elinoxanduva ekugqibeleni lihlala linoxanduva lokuthobela, ngoko ke unyameko olufanelekileyo kubaqhubi lubalulekile.

Amalungelo esifundo sedatha phantsi kwePOPIA abandakanya ilungelo lokufikelela kulwazi lomntu, ilungelo lokulungiswa, kunye nelungelo lokuchasa ukusetyenzwa. Iingcali zekhredithi kufuneka zibe neenkqubo zokusingatha ezi zicelo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Xa abathengi becela ukufikelela kwiidatha zabo zekhredithi okanye izigqibo zomngeni, iifemu kufuneka zikwazi ukufumana kwakhona kwaye zinike ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezibeka kumbindi wedatha kwaye zibonelele ngofikelelo olunokuphendwa zixhasa ezi zibophelelo ngcono kuneefayile ezisasazekileyo.

Ukudityaniswa kwe-NCA kunye nezibophelelo zePOPIA kuthetha ukuba iingcali zekhredithi kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno ezininzi. Bamele basebenzise idatha yekhredithi ukwenza uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lokufikeleleka (imfuno ye-NCA) ngelixa bekhusela loo datha kunye nokuhlonipha amalungelo esifundo sedatha (imfuno ye-POPIA). Iisistim ezicwangcisiweyo ezibonelela ngofikelelo olukhuselekileyo, olunokuphicothwa kwidatha yetyala loncedo lweefemu zihlangabezana neeseti zezibophelelo zombini ngaxeshanye.

Izikhewu zokuThobela eziQhelekileyo

Ngaphandle kweemfuno ezicacileyo zolawulo, iifemu ezininzi zeentengo zemboleko ziyasokola ukuthobela ngenxa yezikhewu eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo kunye neenkqubo zazo. Ukuqonda ezi zikhewu kunceda iifemu zichonge apho zifuna ukuphucula kwaye kutheni iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo zibalulekile.

Amaxwebhu athe saa mhlawumbi yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Xa iingxelo zekhredithi zigcinwa njengeePDF kwimicu ye-imeyile, amanqaku esigqibo ahlala kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye amaxwebhu axhasayo agcinwa kwiifolda ezahlukeneyo, akukho mthombo omnye wenyaniso okhoyo. Abaphicothi-zincwadi kufuneka badibanise ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo emininzi, kwaye umngcipheko weerekhodi ezingekhoyo okanye ezingahambelaniyo uyenyuka. Iifemu ezibeka kwindawo enye idatha yekhredithi kunye namaxwebhu esigqibo kwiinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zinciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko.

Indlela yokwenza izigqibo ezingangqinelaniyo idala iingxaki zokuthotyelwa. Xa abaphononongi abohlukeneyo besebenzisa iikhrayitheriya ngokwahlukileyo, okanye xa umvavanyi omnye esingatha iimeko ezifanayo ngokwahlukileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuba nzima ukubonisa ukuba izigqibo zinobulungisa kwaye zicwangcisiwe. Abaphicothi-zincwadi balindele ukubona iinkqubo ezingaguqukiyo, kunye neefemu ezingenakho ukubonisa lo mngcipheko wokulawula ubuso. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okusemgangathweni kunye nokunikezelwa kwedatha ehleliweyo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana.

Ingxelo yembali engekhoyo sesinye isikhewu. Xa iifemu zingenakukwazi ukuthelekisa ngokulula iingxelo zekhredithi zangoku kwezo zangaphambili, okanye xa zingakwazi ukubona indlela isikhundla somboleki sitshintshe ngayo ekuhambeni kwexesha, uhlolo lusenokungapheleli. Imeko yezembali ibalulekile kubo bobabini abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko abavavanya ukufikeleleka kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala okulandelela inkqubela. Iinkqubo ezigcina kwaye zithelekise idatha yembali zixhasa ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ezingcono kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Ulungiselelo lophicotho-zincwadi lutya ixesha kwaye lunempazamo. Xa kubhengezwa uphicotho-zincwadi, iifemu zihlala zigxalathelana ukudibanisa iifayile, ukufumana amaxwebhu, kunye nokwakha ngokutsha iinkqubo zezigqibo. Le ndlela esebenzayo yokwandisa uxinzelelo kunye nomngcipheko weempendulo ezingaphelelanga okanye ezingahambelaniyo. Iifemu ezakha iindlela zophicotho oluzenzekelayo kuhambo lwazo lwemihla ngemihla zinokuvelisa iirekhodi ezihambelanayo kwimfuno, ukunciphisa zombini iinzame kunye nomngcipheko.

Mhlawumbi esona sikhewu sibaluleke kakhulu kukunqongophala konxibelelwano olucacileyo phakathi kwedatha ye-bureau kunye nezigqibo. Xa iingxelo zekhredithi zitsalwa kwiiphothali ze-bureau kwaye zigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiirekhodi zesigqibo, kuba nzima ukubonisa ukuba yeyiphi idatha enolwazi ukuba zeziphi izigqibo. Abaphicothi-zincwadi bafuna ukubona ukuba izigqibo bezisekelwe kwidatha eyiyo kwaye idatha yatolikwa ngokuchanekileyo. Iinkqubo ezinxibelelanisa i-bureau zitsalela ngqo kuvavanyo kunye nezigqibo zidala iindlela zophicotho ezomeleleyo.

Ezi zithuba azinakuphepheka. Zivela ekuthembeleni kwiinkqubo zezandla, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi we-ad hoc. Iifemu ezamkela iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo ezilungiselelwe uvavanyo lwetyala kunye nokuthotyelwa zinokuvala ezi zithuba kwaye ziguqule ukuthotyelwa komthwalo kwisiphumo sendalo sokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukwakha ukuthobela kwindlela yakho yokusebenza

Ukuthotyelwa kufuneka kube yimveliso yemisebenzi emihle, ingabi ngumthwalo owahlukileyo ofuna umsebenzi wokubuyela emva. Xa uvavanyo lwetyala kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo zicwangcisiwe, zicwangcisiwe, kwaye zibhalwe kakuhle kwasekuqaleni, ukuthobela kuba lula ukufikelela kunye nokugcina. Isitshixo kukuyila ukuhamba komsebenzi okuvelisa ngokwendalo amaxwebhu, ukulandeleka, kunye nokungaguquguquki okulindelekileyo ngabalawuli.

Idatha yekhredithi ehleliweyo sisiseko. Xa iingxelo ze-credit bureau zicazululwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ziqheleke kwiifomathi ezifanayo, abaphononongi babona isakhiwo esifanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba leliphi i-ofisi ebonelele ngedatha. Oku kubekwa emgangathweni kuxhasa ukutolika okungaguqukiyo kwaye kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okuvela kuye wonke umntu ofunda iiPDF ngokwahlukileyo. Izibalo zokufikeleleka, izikhombisi zomngcipheko, kunye neendlela zesigqibo zinokusetyenziswa ngokufanayo, ukudala ukuhambelana kwendalo.

Iindlela zophicotho oluzenzekelayo phelisa imfuno yokugcinwa kweerekhodi ngesandla. Xa utsalo ngalunye lweziko lufakwe isitampu sexesha kwaye lubalelwa kumsebenzisi othile, xa isigqibo ngasinye sidityaniswe nedatha esazisileyo, kwaye xa zonke iintshukumo zifakwe ngokuzenzekela, umkhondo wophicotho ubakho ngaphandle komzamo owongezelelweyo. Iifemu zinokugxila ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngelixa inkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba ezo zigqibo zibhaliwe kwaye ziyalandeleka.

Ukuhamba komsebenzi okudibeneyo kunciphisa umngcipheko wamanyathelo alahlekileyo okanye amaxwebhu angaphelelanga. Xa uvavanyo lwetyala, ukubala ukufikeleleka, kunye nokurekhodwa kwezigqibo kwenzeka kwinkqubo enye, abaphononongi bakhokelwa ngamanyathelo afunekayo kwaye bayalelwa ukuba babhale iziphumo. Inkqubo inokunyanzelisa ukuba imimandla ethile igqitywe, ukubala kwenziwe, kwaye izizathu zirekhodwa phambi kokuba izigqibo zigqitywe.

Ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima luqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokwenza izenzo ezinovakalelo, bexhasa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa. Xa ukufikelela kunqunyelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zonke izenzo zifakiwe, iifemu zinokubonisa ukuba zithatha ukhuseleko lwedatha ngokungathí sina kwaye iinkqubo zabo zilawulwa. Oku kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwePOPIA kunye nokulindelwe yi-NCR kulawulo olululo.

Inzuzo ebonakalayo yokwakha ukuthotyelwa kokuhamba komsebenzi iyancipha uxinzelelo kunye nomngcipheko. Xa uphicotho lwenzeka, iifemu zinokuvelisa iirekhodi ezihambelanayo ngokukhawuleza endaweni yokukrazula ukudibanisa iifayile. Xa kuvela izikhalazo, banokubonisa kanye ukuba yeyiphi idatha eqwalaselweyo kunye nendlela ekufikelelwe kuyo ngayo izigqibo. Xa imigaqo-nkqubo itshintsha, inokuhlaziya iinkqubo ngokucwangcisiweyo kunokuba nethemba lokuba wonke umntu uyazikhumbula iimfuno ezintsha.

Iifemu ezithatha ukuthotyelwa njengomgaqo woyilo endaweni yokucinga emva koko zifumanisa ukuba kuba lula ukufikelela kunye nokugcina. Injongo ayikokongeza ukuthotyelwa njengenyathelo elongezelelweyo-kukuyila iinkqubo ezithotyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Iisistim ezicwangcisiweyo ezibeka kumbindi wedatha, ezibeka emgangathweni iinkqubo, kwaye zizenzele ngokwamaxwebhu axhasa le ndlela ngokufanelekileyo.

Yenza ukuthobela kube yinxalenye yokuhamba kwakho komsebenzi

UMthetho weSizwe weTyala udala izibophelelo ezicacileyo kwiingcali zetyala, kwaye iNational Credit Regulator ilindele ukubona indlela engaguqukiyo, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, kunye nezigqibo ezinokulandeleka. Ukuhlangabezana nolu lindelo kufuna iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo zovavanyo lwetyala kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi. Iifemu ezithembele kwiinkqubo zezandla, amaxwebhu asasaziweyo, kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi we-ad hoc kunzima ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa rhoqo.

Iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo ezibeka kumbindi wedatha yetyala, ezibeka emgangathweni iinkqubo zovavanyo, kunye nokugcina iindlela zophicotho oluzenzekelayo zijika ukuthotyelwa komthwalo osebenzayo kube sisiphumo sendalo semisebenzi elungileyo. Xa isigqibo ngasinye sidityaniswe nedatha yomthombo, isitampu sexesha, kwaye sibhalwe ngokuzenzekelayo, iifemu zinokuvelisa iirekhodi ezilungele ukulawulwa ngokwemfuno kwaye zinciphise zombini umngcipheko wokusebenza kunye nomthetho.

Dibana no ukubhukisha idemo kwaye ubone ukuba idatha yetyala ecwangcisiweyo kunye neendlela ezizenzekelayo zophicotho zinokuxhasa izibophelelo zakho zokuthobela iNCA.