IiRekhodi zoMbuzo ngetyala eMzantsi Afrika

Iirekhodi zokubuza ngetyala ziyavela kwingxelo nganye yamatyala yaseMzantsi Afrika, kodwa uninzi lweengcali ziyasokola ukuzitolika. Abacebisi ngamatyala babona uluhlu olude lwamagama ababhalisi kunye nemihla kwaye bayazibuza ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kumanqaku omxhasi okanye ukucacisa ukwehla. Ababoneleli ngetyala babona okwabo kwingxelo kwaye abaqinisekanga ukuba izicelo ezininzi zijongwa njani na ngabanye ababolekisi okanye yi amanqaku ekhredithi imifuziselo. Ukwahlula phakathi kwemibuzo enzima kunye nethambileyo ayifane ichazwe ngokucacileyo, nangona ichaphazela indlela idatha yophando echaphazela ngayo amanqaku engozi kunye nendlela iingcali kufuneka zifunde kwaye zichaze icandelo lombuzo. Eli nqaku licacisa ukuba zeziphi iirekhodi zophando lwamatyala eMzantsi Afrika zimele, ukuba imibuzo enzima nethambileyo yahluka njani, indlela ezondla ngayo ekufumaneni amanqaku nakwizigqibo, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa idatha yophando xa isenziwa. Ukuze ufumane amagqabantshintshi acwangcisiweyo amacandelo engxelo aquka imibuzo, bona isikhokelo sethu ku- ifundwa njani ingxelo yetyala eMzantsi Afrika.

Zeziphi iiRekhodi zoMbuzo weTyala eneneni

Ngalo lonke ixesha umrhumi efikelela kwifayile yekhredithi yomthengi kwi-bureau, olo fikelelo lurekhodwa njenge umbuzo. Ingxelo idwelisa ukuba ngubani ofikelele kwifayile, nini, kwaye rhoqo ukuba luhlobo luni lwenjongo (umzekelo, isicelo sekhredithi, ukuphononongwa kweakhawunti, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili). EMzantsi Afrika, i-bureaux enkulu-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, XDS, kunye neCompuscan-zonke zigcina imbali yophando kwaye zibonise kwi-inquiry okanye “ifayile yokufikelela” kwicandelo lengxelo. Umthengi ofanayo unokuba noluhlu lophando olwahlukileyo kwii-ofisi ezahlukeneyo kuba i-bureau nganye irekhoda kuphela ukufikelela kwidatha yayo. Ukutsalwa kwiTransUnion akwenziyenza umbuzo kwi-Experian; ukutsala kwi-Datanamix akubonakali kwingxelo ye-XDS. Kubasebenzi bekhredithi abasuka ku-iiofisi ezininzi, loo nto ithetha ukuba umfanekiso ogcweleyo ungafuna ukujonga ngaphezulu kwengxelo enye.

Iirekhodi zophando azizoakhawunti. Ababonisi bhalansi okanye indlela yokuhlawula. Babonisa ukuba umrhumi ogama lakhe lingu (ibhanki, umthengisi, umbolekisi-mali omncinci, okanye omnye umsebenzisi obhalisiweyo we-NCR) ucele ulwazi lomthengi ngomhla onikiweyo. Lo mahluko ubalulekile: uphando lubonisa umdla okanye isenzo somntu wesithathu, akunyanzelekanga ukuba umboleki enze isicelo okanye efumene ikhredithi. Unikezelo oluvunywe kwangaphambili, uphononongo lweakhawunti, kunye nesicelo somboleki sekopi yengxelo yabo nazo zidala imibuzo, kodwa ziphathwa ngokwahlukileyo kwimibuzo enxulumene nesicelo xa i-bureaux kunye nababolekisi betolika idatha.

Enzima vs Soft Imibuzo: Umahluko osebenzayo

Imibuzo enzima (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba “yisicelo” okanye “i-credit-seking” imibuzo) yenziwa xa ifayile yekhredithi yomboleki ifunyenwe ngokunxulumene nesicelo sekhredithi. Umboleki ngokuqhelekileyo uqalise okanye wavuma isicelo-umz. isicelo semali-mboleko yobuqu kwa-FNB, ikhadi levenkile kumthengisi, okanye imali yemoto nge-WesBank. Umbhalisi utsala ingxelo ukuvavanya isicelo, kwaye olo tsalo lurekhodwa. Imibuzo enzima yile idla ngokuyithathela ingqalelo iimodeli zamanqaku eMzantsi Afrika. Imibuzo emininzi enzima ngexesha elifutshane ingabonakalisa ukuba umboleki ufuna ngenkuthalo intengo yemboleko, ethi eminye imifuziselo iyiphathe njengesalathisi somngcipheko ophezulu (umz.ulwandiso olungaphaya olunokwenzeka okanye ukuthenga izixhobo ezininzi). Bakwashiya umkhondo obonakalayo: abanye ababolekisi kunye nabacebisi bamatyala bayabona ukuba i-ABSA, i-Nedbank, okanye i-micro-lender isandula ukutsala ifayile. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, iqela lemibuzo enzima lingabuza imibuzo malunga nezicelo zamvanje umxhasi angekazixeli okanye malunga nezicelo eziphindwe kabini ezinokubonisa ubuqhophololo okanye ukubhideka.

Imibuzo ethambileyo yenziwa xa ifayile ifunyenwe ngezizathu ezingesiso isicelo esitsha sekhredithi. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya umboleki ocela eyakhe ingxelo (umzekelo, kwiziko okanye ngeqonga), umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko owenza uphononongo lwe-akhawunti ngamaxesha athile kumthengi osele ekhona, okanye umbolekisi oqhuba isithembiso esivunywe kwangaphambili okanye uluhlu lokuhlola kwangaphambili. Imibuzo ethambileyo ayidli ngokuchaphazela amanqaku entengo yemboleko eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye ayibonakali kwabanye ababhalisi-kuphela kumthengi xa bejonga ingxelo yabo. Ukusuka kwimbono yobungcali, xa uhlalutya ingxelo egameni lomthengi okanye uvavanyo, imibuzo ethambileyo oyibonayo (ukuba ikhona) ayihambelani nomngcipheko kunye namandla kunemibuzo enzima. Ugxininiso olusebenzayo lufanele lube kubalo lwemibuzo enzima, umva, kunye nokusasazwa kubo bonke ababhalisi.

Uyilo lweengxelo ze Bureau alusoloko lubhala imibuzo ngokucacileyo ngokuthi “nzima” okanye “thambile.” Ezinye iingxelo zisebenzisa iikhowudi zenjongo okanye uhlobo lwababhalisi; abanye badwelisa yonke imibuzo kwibhloko enye. Abasebenzi kufuneka bajonge ilivo okanye isitshixo sengxelo ye-bureau ethile abayisebenzisayo (i-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, njl.) ukuze bakwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ngawaphi amangeniso akhoyoezinxulumene nesicelo kwaye ezingezizo. Ukungalufundisi kakuhle uludwe kungakhokelela ekubaleni imibuzo engachaphazeliyo amanqaku okanye iphoswe yipatheni yezicelo zamva nje eziyenzayo.

Kutheni iiRekhodi zoMbuzo zingaqondwa kakuhle

Iirekhodi zemibuzo lelinye lawona macandelo angachazwanga kakhulu kwingxelo yetyala. I-Bureaux ibonelela ngedatha kodwa ayifane ichaze kwingxelo ngokwayo ukuba yintoni enzima kwaye ethambileyo ithetha ukuthini, ichaphazela njani amanqaku, okanye mingaphi imibuzo enzima yakutsha nje “mininzi kakhulu.” Abachwephesha bamatyala bashiywe ukuba bacinge ngamava okanye kuqeqesho oluthe saa. Abacebisi ngamatyala bangabona ingxelo yomxhasi kunye nemibuzo emininzi yakutsha nje kwaye baxhalabe malunga nefuthe lamanqaku ngaphandle komgaqo ocacileyo. Abanikezeli betyala basenokucinga ukuba yonke imibuzo ayilunganga xa ngenyani imibuzo ethambileyo kunye nemibuzo enzima (umzekelo, ukuthenga ngexabiso lemali mboleko enye kwifestile emfutshane) inokuthatyathelwa lula ngamanqaku emizekelo. Ukunqongophala komgangatho omnye, woluntu malunga nokuba imibuzo yamaziko aseMzantsi Afrika malunga nobungakanani bemifuziselo yawo yongeza ukubhideka. Imodeli ye-bureau nganye yeyomnini; into eyaziwayo kukuba imibuzo enzima ligalelo kwaye ukuxinwa kwemibuzo enzima ngexesha elifutshane ngokuqhelekileyo kuyingozi.

Abathengi nabo abaqondi. Xa umthengi ekhatywa kwaye ebona “imibuzo emininzi yamvanje” njengesizathu, basenokungazi ukuba ukwehla kubhekiselele kwimibuzo enzima enxulumene nezicelo, hayi kwizicelo zabo zengxelo okanye kubathumeli abavunywe kwangaphambili. Iingcali ezinokuchaza umahluko ngokucacileyo zibekwe ngcono ukulawula okulindelekileyo kunye nokucebisaabathengi malunga nexesha lokuphepha usetyenziso olongezelelweyo ukuba bazama ukuphucula iprofayile yabo.

Ingena njani iData yoPhando kumanqaku etyala

Amanqaku okuthenga ngetyala aseMzantsi Afrika angqale ngqo kwiziko. I-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, kunye nabanye basebenzisa imodeli yabo kunye neenkcukacha. Idatha yophando lelinye lamagalelo: ngokuqhelekileyo imibuzo enzima, hayi ethambileyo. Ubunzima obuchanekileyo kunye neengqiqo azipapashwa, kodwa ekusebenzeni umva kunye nomcimbi wevolumu. Umbuzo onzima omnye osuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo udla ngokuba nempembelelo encinci kunemibuzo emininzi enzima kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu. Iimodeli zamanqaku zihlala zithatha uqhushululu lwesicelo njengophawu lokuba umthengi unokuthatha amatyala amaninzi okanye uyasokola ukufumana imvume kunye nokuzama ababolekisi abaninzi. Oko akuthethi ukuba yonke imibuzo enzima “imbi” -izicelo ziyinxalenye yesiqhelo yokusetyenziswa kwetyala-kodwa ipateni yemibuzo emininzi enzima yakutshanje inokutsala amanqaku ezantsi okanye ayigcine ekuphuculeni.

Kubasebenzi bekhredithi, intsingiselo kukuba idatha yophando kufuneka ifundwe kunye nayo yonke ingxelo. Amanqaku aphantsi okanye iprofayili yomda isenokuba ngenxa yomsebenzi wophando; isenokuba kungenxa yokuziphatha kwentlawulo, uluhlu olubi, okanye ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu. Ukuchaza ukuhla okanye amanqaku kumthengi okanye umphicothi-zincwadi ukhusela ngakumbi xa unokukhomba izinto ezithile-kubandakanywa nembali yophando-kunokuba kumanqaku kuphela. Ngonyango olunzulu lokuba amanqaku asebenza njani kuzo zonke iiofisi, bona amanqaku etyala eMzantsi Afrika.

Ukuthobela kunye noMongo woLawulo

Iirekhodi zophando zihlala ekudibaneni kokusetyenziswa kwedatha kunye nokukhuselwa kwabathengi. UMthetho wamaTyala weSizwe kunye ne-NCRlawula indlela ingcaciso yekhredithi esetyenziswa ngayo; UMthetho woKhuseleko lweNkcukacha zoMntu (POPIA) usebenza ekuqhutyweni kwedatha yomntu, kubandakanywa xa umrhumi efikelela kwifayile yomthengi. Ufikelelo ngalunye sisiganeko sokucubungula kwaye sirekhodwa ukuze abathengi babone ukuba ngubani oye wajonga ulwazi lwabo. Oko kungafihlisi kuxhasa uxanduva kwaye kunceda abathengi babone ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga okanye okungalindelekanga. Ngokombono wokuthotyelwa, abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabanye ababhalisi kufuneka babe nesiseko esisemthethweni kunye nenjongo echaziweyo yokutsala ingxelo. Ukutsalela isicelo umthengi athe wasungula kuqondile; ukutsalela ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili okanye ukuthengisa kufuneka kuhambelane nemvume kunye neemfuno zePOPIA. Iirekhodi zophando azibonakalisi ngokwazo okanye ziphikisa ukuthotyelwa, kodwa ziyinxalenye yophicotho-zincwadi lokuba ngubani ofumene oko kwaye nini.

Kubacebisi ngamatyala kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi, inqaku elisebenzayo lelokuba utsalo ngalunye olwenzayo ludala umbuzo kwelo ziko. Ukuba utsala umxhasi ofanayo kwii-ofisi ezininzi, uya kubona igama lakho lomrhumo kwingxelo nganye yezo ngxelo. Oko kulindelekile. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukutsalwa kwenzelwe iinjongo zovavanyo olusemthethweni, kubhalwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yakho kunye nokulindela kwe-NCR, kwaye xa uchaza ingxelo kumxhasi, unokwazi ukwahlula phakathi kombuzo wakho kunye nabanye, kwaye phakathi kobunzima kunye nethambileyo ukwenzela ukuba umthengi aqonde oko kuchaphazela amanqaku abo.

Isicelo esiSebenzayo: Uyisebenzisa njani iData yoPhando

Abacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka baphathe icandelo lophando njengenxalenye yomfanekiso opheleleyo xa kusakhiwa ngokutsha okanyeukuphonononga ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo. Iqela lemibuzo enzima yakutshanje inokubonisa izicelo ezitsha umxhasi ongekadwelisi—umz. ikhadi levenkile okanye i-micro-mboleko ethathwe emva kokuthatha kokuqala. Oko kunokutshintsha ukuvezwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufikeleleka. Isenokubonisa ukuba umxhasi usafuna ikhredithi ngelixa uphonononga amatyala, anokufuna ukuqwalaselwa kwinkqubo yokucetyiswa. Xa ucacisa ingxelo kumxhasi, ukwahlula imibuzo enzima kwimibuzo ethambileyo kunceda umxhasi ukuba aqonde ukuba kutheni amanqaku akhe enokuthi ashukume kwaye kutheni benokuthi baxelelwe ukuba baphephe izicelo ezitsha ngexesha lenkqubo. Ukufumana inyathelo ngenyathelo lokufunda onke amacandelo engxelo, sebenzisa i- indlela yokufunda ingxelo yetyala isikhokelo.

Ababoneleli ngetyala basebenzisa idatha yophando ngeendlela ezimbini: xa uvavanya isicelo (ukutsalwa kwakho kudala umbuzo, kwaye unokucinga eminye imibuzo yamva nje njengenxalenye yomngcipheko) kwaye xa uqonda ukuba ukuziphatha kwakho kuvela njani kwingxelo. Ukuba utsala umthengi ofanayo amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha elifutshane-umz. kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo okanye amajelo-loo mibuzo emininzi iya kubonisa kwingxelo. Abanye ababolekisi baya kuwubona lo msebenzi. Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi kufuneka uchaze xa utsalo oluninzi luthetheleleka kunye nendlela yokuphepha ukubuzisa ngokungeyomfuneko okunokuthi konakalise amanqaku omthengi okanye isidima sakho. Uphando lwedatha lukwanceda ngobuqhophololo kunye nokuhlolwa kwesicelo esiphindiweyo: izicelo ezininzi kwifestile emfutshane kubabolekisi abaliqela zinokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa.

Abarhwebi abathelekisa abathengi kwiimveliso bahlala betsala iingxelo ukuvavanya ukufaneleka. Utsalo ngalunye ludala umbuzo. Apho kunokwenzeka, ukuqinisaUvavanyo ukwenzela ukuba utsalo olunye luxhase ukuhlolwa kwemveliso ezininzi (kwi-bureau efanayo) kunqanda ukudala iirekhodi zophando ngakumbi kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Xa bechaza iziphumo kumthengi, abarhwebi banokusebenzisa icandelo lombuzo ukubonisa ukuba kutheni amanqaku anokuchaphazeleka okanye kutheni umbolekisi enokuthi “imibuzo yamva nje” ibangele.

Yeyabani Le

Eli nqaku leleengcali zekhredithi zaseMzantsi Afrika ezisebenza neengxelo ze-bureau kwaye kufuneka zitolike iirekhodi zemibuzo ngokucacileyo: abacebisi bamatyala baphonononga iingxelo zabathengi kunye nokucacisa abaqhubi bamanqaku; abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko abayila umgaqo-nkqubo noqeqesho lwabasebenzi malunga nokuba imibuzo ithetha ntoni na ekufumaneni amanqaku nakumthengi; kunye nabarhwebi abatsala iingxelo kwaye bafuna ukunciphisa imibuzo engeyomfuneko ngelixa besebenzisa idatha yophando kuvavanyo. Kukwafanelekile kumaqela okuthotyelwa kunye nophicotho-zincwadi ekufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ufikelelo lwefayile lufanelekile kwaye idatha yophando icaciswe ngokuchanekileyo kubathengi nakubalawuli. Nokuba utsalela kwelinye iziko okanye ezininzi, ukuqonda imibuzo enzima nethambileyo kunye nendlela ebonakala ngayo kwingxelo kuphucula umgangatho wohlalutyo lwakho kunye nokucaca komxhasi wakho kunye nonxibelelwano lophicotho.

Amanyathelo Alandelayo

Iirekhodi zokubuza ngetyala eMzantsi Afrika zikhona kuzo zonke iingxelo kodwa zihlala zichazwa kakubi. Imibuzo enzima-ebotshelelwe kwizicelo zetyala-yileyo ichaphazela amanqaku kwaye abanye ababhalisi babone; imibuzo ethambileyo, efana nesicelo somboleki okanye uphononongo lweakhawunti, ayidli. Abacebisi kumatyala emboleko, abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, kunye nabarhwebi abanokwahlula phakathi kwabo kwaye bafunde uphandoIcandelo ngokucwangcisiweyo libekwe ngcono ukuvavanya umngcipheko, ukuchaza iziphumo, kunye nokuphepha ukubuza imibuzo engafunekiyo. Idatha yophando kufuneka ifundwe kunye nee-akhawunti, indlela yokuziphatha kwentlawulo, kunye noluhlu olubi, lungabekwa lodwa. Ukufumana indlela eyakhiweyo kwingxelo epheleleyo, bona isikhokelo sethu ku- ifundwa njani ingxelo yetyala eMzantsi Afrika. Ukuba ungathanda ukubona ukuba ucazululo lwengxelo yetyala olucwangcisiweyo lunokuguqula njani ukuhamba kwakho kwaye wenze idatha yophando kunye namanye amacandelo e-bureau asebenze ngokuqhubekayo, dibana no.