Uluhlu olubi eMzantsi Afrika | Isikhokelo soMngcipheko esiSebenzayo
Qonda uluhlu olubi kwiingxelo zetyala loMzantsi Afrika: izigwebo, ukungahlawuli, iiodolo zolawulo, ukuthinjwa. Kubasebenzi bekhredithi abavavanya umngcipheko kunye nokufikeleleka.
Uluhlu olubi lulwazi olubi olurekhodiweyo kwingxelo yetyala lomboleki-izigwebo, ukusilela, imiyalelo yolawulo, ukuthinjwa, kunye neeflegi zokuphononongwa kwamatyala. Kubantu abaqeqeshiweyo baseMzantsi Afrika bamatyala, bangundoqo kuvavanyo lomngcipheko, ukubala ukufikeleleka, kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezithobelayo zeNCA. Nangona kunjalo bahlala bengcwatywa kwingxelo yengxelo yeofisi, iboniswe ngokwahlukileyo liziko ngalinye, kwaye kulula ukuphoswa xa uphonononga iiPDF ngesandla. Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba zeziphi izintlu ezingalunganga, ezona ntlobo ziphambili eMzantsi Afrika, zivela njani kwiingxelo zetyala, amaxesha okugcinwa kwawo, impembelelo yazo kuvavanyo lwamatyala, imingeni eqhelekileyo yobuchwephesha, kwaye kutheni idatha ecwangcisiweyo iphezu kwazo ngokucacileyo ukwenzela uhlalutyo olungaguqukiyo, olunokuphicothwa. Ngesakhelo esibanzi esibophelela ulwazi olubi ekufikeleleni nasekubeni netyala elingaphaya, bona i- Isikhokelo sovavanyo lokufikeleleka.
Yintoni Uluhlu olubi
Uluhlu olubi lungeniso kwifayile ye-credit bureau yomboleki ebonisa iziganeko ezimbi kakhulu: ukusilela ngokusesikweni kumbolekisi, umyalelo wenkundla wokuhlawula, ukutshona okanye iinkqubo zolawulo, okanye ubume bomthetho bokuhlolwa kwetyala. Zahlukile kwiintlawulo zasemva kwexesha okanye iimali ezisemva eziboniswa kwimigca yorhwebo yomntu; bamele unxunguphalo olwandisiweyo okanye olusesikweni. Ukuwohloka iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo kwiingxelo zeofisi kudla ngokukhokelela kuluhlu olubi-amatyala aphindaphindiweyo angakhokelela ekusileleni kwaye emva koko kugwetywe. Amaziko okuthenga ngetyala eMzantsi Afrika afumana olu lwazi kubabolekisi, iinkundla, kunye neNational Credit Regulator (NCR) kwaye ilugcine amaxesha achaziweyo phantsi kwemigaqo yeCredit Bureau Association (CBA). Kubasebenzi,uluhlu olubi luchaphazela amanqaku ekhredithi, ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo uvavanyo, ityala-kwingeniso izibalo, kunye nezigqibo zokuboleka okanye uhlengahlengiso. Ukungaziboni okanye ukungazihleleli kujongela phantsi zombini umngcipheko kunye nokuthotyelwa.
Iintlobo zoluhlu olubi eMzantsi Afrika
Iingxelo zekhredithi zaseMzantsi Afrika zinokuqulatha iindidi ezahlukeneyo zolwazi olubi. Ngamnye unemvelaphi ethile esemthethweni okanye yenkqubo kwaye ibonakala kwiifayile ze-bureau ezinamazinga ahlukeneyo eenkcukacha.
Ukungagqibeki
Ukungahlawulisi sisaziso esisemthethweni esivela kumbolekisi ukuya kwi-bureau ukuba i-akhawunti ayiphumelelanga-ngokuqhelekileyo emva kwexesha elichaziweyo lokungahlawuli, ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinyanga ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu, ngokuxhomekeke kwisivumelwano kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wombolekisi. Yakuba ifakiwe, ukusilela kuyarekhodwa kwifayile yomboleki kunye negama lombolekisi, isixa-mali, umhla wokusilela, kunye nereferensi yeakhawunti. Ukusilela kubonisa ukuba umbolekisi uyihlele ngokusesikweni i-akhawunti njengentsilelo endaweni yokuba ibe ngasemva nje; zisalathiso esinamandla sokungaphumeleli kwentlawulo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngamaqumrhu ekufumaneni amanqaku kunye nabanikezeli bamatyala kwimigaqo yomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukwahlula kuhlawulwe kwimiba engahlawulwanga yokusilela kumngcipheko kunye nokugcinwa: ukungagqibeki okuhlawulweyo kunokuphathwa ngokwahlukileyo phantsi kwemithetho ye-CBA kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wendlu.
Imigwebo
Izigwebo yimiyalelo yenkundla efuna umboleki ahlawule ityala. Afunyanwa ngabaniki matyala kwiinkundla (ngokuqhelekileyo iNkundla kaMantyi yamatyala omthengi) kwaye ke ashicilelwe kwiifayile ze-credit bureau. Isigwebo sesigwebo sikholisa ukubandakanya inkundla, inombolo yetyala, umhla wesigwebo, imali, kunye nommangali (umbolekisi). Izigwebo zine aifuthe elithe ngqo ekufanelekeni kwetyala kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ekufanelekeni kwetyala elitsha; zikwachaphazela ukufikeleleka xa umsebenzisi ehlawula isigwebo nge-garnishee order okanye olunye ulungiselelo, kuba loo ntlawulo yehlisa ingeniso enokulahlwa kwaye kufuneka ibandakanywe ityala-kwingeniso kunye ukufikeleleka izibalo. Ukukhangela ukuba isigwebo sihlawulwe okanye asihlawulwa, kwaye nokuba simiselweyo, yinxalenye yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwekhredithi.
Imiyalelo yolawulo (iCandelo lama-74, uMthetho weNkundla kaMantyi)
Umyalelo wolawulo phantsi kweCandelo lama-74 loMthetho weNkundla kaMantyi uvumela umboleki onamatyala amaninzi ukuba awahlawule ngomlawuli onyulwe yinkundla. Umyalelo urekhodwa kwifayile yekhredithi yomboleki kwaye ubonisa ukuba umboleki uphantsi kwelungiselelo lokuhlawula elisemthethweni elilawulwa yinkundla. Kubasebenzi beentengo zemboleko, ii-odolo zolawulo zichaphazela umngcipheko kunye nokufikeleleka: umboleki ukwinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuhlawula, kwaye intlawulo yenyanga yolawulo sisinyanzeliso esimele sibandakanywe kwinkonzo yetyala lilonke xa kuvavanywa ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo okanye umthamo wekhredithi entsha.
Ukuhluthwa
Ukuthinjwa ziinkqubo zokutshona ngokwasezimalini phantsi koMthetho wokuTyala. Xa umboleki ethinjelwe, loo nyaniso irekhodwa kwiifayile ze-bureau kwaye inefuthe elibi ekufanelekeni kwetyala. Ukuthinjwa kuhlala kwingxelo ixesha lokugcinwa elimiselwe yimithetho yeCBA kunye nomthetho; ngelo xesha umboleki akakwazi ukufikelela kwintengo yemboleko entsha. Ukubuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili ukusuka kokuthinjwa kwawo kuyarekhodwa; Iingcali kufuneka zahlule phakathi kokuthinjwa okusebenzayo kunye newonga lokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili xaukuhlola iifayile.
Uphononongo lwetyala kunye nohlengahlengiso lweeflegi (iCandelo le-NCA lama-86)
Xa umboleki esenza isicelo sokuphononongwa kwetyala phantsi kweCandelo lama-86 loMthetho weNtengo weSizwe, umcebisi wamatyala wazisa i-NCR kunye ne-credit bureaux. Ifayile yomboleki ineflegi ebonisa ukuba baphantsi koqwalaselo lwetyala-oku kuthetha ukuba abanakufumana mboleko entsha ngaphandle kosulelo lomcebisi wamatyala kunye nokuba isindululo sohlenga-hlengiso sisenokuqhuba okanye siyasebenza. Le flegi ibalulekile kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko (abakufuneka banike enye ikhredithi ngaphandle kokulandela inkqubo ye-NCA) kunye nakwabanye abacebisi ngamatyala okanye abathengisi abafuna ukubona ukuba umboleki sele ekwinkqubo. Iflegi isenokuhlala de ukuphononongwa kwetyala kuqukunjelwe, kurhoxiswe, okanye kupheliswe.
Lubonakala njani uluhlu olubi kwiiNgxelo zeTyala
Uluhlu olungalunganga alubonakali kwifomati enye, esemgangathweni kuwo onke amaziko. I-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix (kubandakanywa neCompuscan), kunye ne-XDS nganye ibonisa izigwebo, izinto ezingagqibekanga, ii-odolo zolawulo, kunye nedatha ehambelanayo kwisakhiwo sengxelo kunye nesimbo sokubalisa.
Amanqaku edatha aqhelekileyo aquka: umhla wokungena (xa uluhlu lwabhalwa okanye xa isiganeko esisisiseko senzeka), imali (isixa somgwebo, isixa esingagqibekanga), umbolekisi okanye ummangali, imeko (ihlawulwe okanye ayihlawulwanga apho kuyimfuneko), kunye nommiselo okanye ukugcinwa (ixesha elingakanani udweliso lusenokuhlala okanye luya kuhlala). Iingxelo ze-Bureau zinokubonisa oku kumacandelo anikezelweyo (umzekelo, “Izigwebo”, “Defaults”, “Administration”) okanye ziluke kwi-akhawunti yembali okanye isicatshulwa esibalisayo. Umahluko kwisakhiwo kuthetha ukuba umthengi omnye unokuba nezinto ezifanayoulwazi olubi kuwo onke amaziko, kodwa umhlalutyi ofunda iPDF enye kuphela-okanye efunda iiPDF ezininzi kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo-anokuphoswa kuluhlu, ukubala kabini, okanye ahlele kakubi intlawulo xa ithelekiswa nengahlawulwanga. Ngoyilo oluthile lweofisi kunye nomxholo, bona Ingxelo yamatyala anolwazi eMzantsi Afrika, Ingxelo yetyala leTransUnion eMzantsi Afrika, kunye Uhlalutyo lwengxelo yetyala leDatanamix nezikhokelo.
Amaxesha okugcina phantsi kweMithetho ye-CBA
I-Credit Bereau Association kunye ne-NCR zichaza ukuba ulwazi olubi lunokugcinwa ixesha elingakanani. Izigwebo ngokuqhelekileyo zigcinwa iminyaka emihlanu ukususela kumhla wesigwebo, ngokuxhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-CBA kunye naluphi na utshintsho lomthetho. Okusilelayo kunokugcinwa kumaxesha ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni bahlawulwe na nakuhlobo loluhlu; iirekhodi zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili (umzekelo, emva kokuthinjwa okanye ulawulo) nazo zinexesha elichaziweyo lokugcinwa. Abasebenzi akufuneki bacinge ukuba uluhlu oludala luwile; Ukuqinisekisa imithetho yokugcina kunye nemeko yangoku yoluhlu ngalunye luqinisekisa ukuba uhlolo lusekelwe kulwazi oluchanekileyo, oluhlaziyiweyo kunye nokuba abathengi abohlwaywa ngokungachanekanga kuluhlu oluphelelweyo okanye oluhlawulweyo.
Impembelelo kuVavanyo lweTyala
Uluhlu olubi luchaphazela ngqo izigqibo zokuboleka imali, izindululo zokuphononongwa kwetyala, kunye nesiqinisekiso sangaphambili somthengisi. Abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko bazisebenzisa kwimigaqo yemigaqo-nkqubo—umzekelo, ukulandula okanye ukumisela umda kwityala apho kukho izigwebo ezingahlawulwanga okanye ukuthinjwa okusebenzayo. Amanqaku etyala bachatshazelwa kakhulu lulwazi olubi; ubukho kunye nokutsha kwezigwebo kunye nokusilela ngokuqhelekileyo kuyawanciphisa amanqaku. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, uluhlu olubi bubungqina boxinzelelo lwemali kwaye luxhomekeke ku ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo umiselo kunyekulwakhiwo lwezindululo zohlengahlengiso. Kubathengi, i-pre-qualification isoloko ifuna iprofayili engalunganga ecocekileyo okanye ubuncinci imbono ecacileyo yento ehlawulweyo, engekahlawulwa, kwaye ngaphakathi kokugcinwa-ukuze umrhwebi akwazi ukubeka izinto ezilindelekileyo kwaye aphephe izicelo eziya kusilela kumnikezeli wekhredithi. Apho izigwebo okanye imiyalelo yolawulo ihlawulwe (umzekelo. yigarnishee), ezo ntlawulo kufuneka zibandakanywe ityala-kwingeniso nokubalwa kokufikeleleka; Ukuzishiya kubaxa umvuzo olahlwayo kwaye kunokukhokelela kuhlengahlengiso olungagcinekiyo okanye umngcipheko wokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali.
Imingeni yobuchwephesha eqhelekileyo
Iingcali zekhredithi zihlala zijongana neseti yeengxaki ezisebenzayo xa zisebenza ngoluhlu olubi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Idatha yeSebe isenokungalunganga okanye iphelelwe lixesha—izigwebo ezihlawulweyo azihlaziywanga, amangenelo aphindwe kabini, okanye iimali ezingachanekanga. Abasebenzi kufuneka bakwazi ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwaye, apho kuyimfuneko, babangele iingxabano okanye bacele idatha ehlaziyiweyo yeziko.
Ukujonga ukuba kuhlawulwe xa kuthelekiswa nokungahlawulwanga. Izigqibo ezininzi zivula ukuba isigwebo okanye ukusilela kwanelisiwe. Kwiingxelo zePDF, oku kunokuchazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye kumagama ahlukeneyo kwiofisi nganye; ukukhupha imbono engaguqukiyo “ehlawulweyo/engahlawulwanga” kuzo zonke iingxelo ezininzi yinto eyenziwa ngesandla kwaye ineempazamo.
Ukuthelekisa kuwo onke amaziko. Umsebenzisi omnye unokuba nesigwebo esifanayo esixelwe kwelinye iziko hayi kwelinye, okanye axelwe ngeentsuku okanye iimali ezahlukileyo. Ngaphandle kwembono enye eyenza idatha engalunganga kwi-bureaux yonke, abahlalutyi kufuneka bafunde ingxelo nganye ngokwahlukileyo kwaye badibanise ngengqondo-kancinci kwaye bangahambelani.
Ukulandelela kuyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Niniukuphonononga kwakhona umboleki (umzekelo ekuhlaziyweni okanye ngexesha lokuphononongwa kwamatyala), iingcali kufuneka zibone ukuba yintoni etshintshileyo: izigwebo ezitsha, ukusilela okuhlawulweyo, okanye iiflegi zokuphononongwa kwamatyala ezongeziweyo okanye ezisusiweyo. Kwi-PDF-based workflows, oko kuthetha ukuthelekisa iingxelo ezindala kunye nezintsha ngesandla; akukho ndlela eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokucoca, ukuhlela, okanye ukwahlula uluhlu olubi.
Ingxaki ngoPhononongo oluSekwe kwi-PDF engalunganga yoLudwe
Xa uluhlu olubi lufumaneka kuphela ngaphakathi kweengxelo ezibalisayo zePDF, zingcwatywa kumaxwebhu amade anamagama amacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye noyilo. Akukho ndlela isemgangathweni yokucoca ngokodidi (umzekelo “bonisa izigwebo kuphela” okanye “ukungahlawulwa kuphela okungahlawulwayo”), hlela ngokomhla okanye isixa, okanye uthelekise kwiingxelo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeofisi. Abahlalutyi kufuneka bafunde ingxelo nganye, bafumane icandelo ngalinye elibi, kwaye baphinde bafake isitshixo okanye bakopishe idatha kwi-spreadsheets okanye amanqaku eemeko. Loo nkqubo iyacotha, ithande ukuphoswa kwizintlu xa amacandelo ebhalwe ngokwahlukileyo okanye efakwe kwimihlathi, kwaye kunzima ukuphicotha—akukho luhlu lulodwa, oluqhutywa ngumthetho lwezinto ezingalunganga ezinokubotshelelwa kuvavanyo. Kwiindawo ezinomthamo ophezulu, ukuphononongwa okusekelwe kwi-PDF akulingani kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wonyango olungahambelaniyo kunye nezikhewu zokuthotyelwa.
Indlela iDatha eyakhiwe ngayo ijongana noluhlu olubi ngokucacileyo
Xa iingxelo ze-bureau zicazululwa kwi-schema ehleliweyo, uluhlu olubi lunokukhutshwa kwiinkalo ezifanayo: uhlobo (isigwebo, ukusilela, umyalelo wolawulo, ukuhluthwa, ukuphononongwa kweflegi yetyala), umhla, isixa, umbolekisi, isimo (ihlawulwe/engahlawulwanga apho kufanelekileyo), kunye nomthombo we-bureau. Xa sele ikuloo fomu, udweliso lunokuthi lufakwe iflegi ngokuzenzekelayo ngomgaqo (umz.”nasiphi na isigwebo esingahlawulwanga kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-24”), ** ihluzwe kwaye ihlelwe ** ngohlobo, umhla, okanye isixa, kunye ** xa kuthelekiswa ne-bureaux ** kwimbono enye-ukuze ugqirha abone uluhlu olulodwa lwazo zonke izinto ezimbi ezivela kuzo zonke iingxelo, kunye ne-ofisi yomthombo ebonisiweyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, isakhiwo esifanayo sivumela ** ukuthelekisa ngaphaya kokutsalwa **: uluhlu olutsha, izinto ezihlawulweyo, okanye utshintsho kwimeko yokuhlaziywa kwamatyala kunokubonakaliswa ngokuthelekisa iziphumo ezicwangcisiweyo ezivela kwimihla eyahlukeneyo yeengxelo. Imithetho yesigqibo kunye neendlela zophicotho-zincwadi emva koko ziqhoboshele kwidathasethi ecacileyo, engaguquguqukiyo engalunganga kunokuba isicatshulwa esibalisayo, ukuze lonke uvavanyo lusebenzise ingqiqo efanayo kunye nekhonkco phakathi kwedatha ye-bureau kunye nesiphumo sicacile. Elo lixabiso ledatha ecwangcisiweyo yoluhlu olubi: hayi ukutshintshwa kwesigwebo, kodwa indlela ethembekileyo, ephindaphindwayo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olubi aluzange luphoswe kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kumatyala kunye namaziko.
Amanyathelo Alandelayo
Uluhlu olubi—ukungagqibeki, izigwebo, imiyalelo yolawulo, ukuthinjwa, kunye neeflegi zokuphononongwa kwamatyala—zingundoqo kuvavanyo lwetyala eMzantsi Afrika. Zichaphazela amanqaku, ukufikeleleka, ukumiselwa kwamatyala amaninzi, kunye nezigqibo zokuboleka kunye nohlengahlengiso. Ukuxhomekeka kwiingxelo zePDF kuphela kwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukuthelekisa kuwo onke ama-bureaux, kunye nokulandelela utshintsho ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukuqulunqwa kwedatha yeziko ukuze kutsalwe uluhlu olungalunganga, lufakwe iflegi, kwaye luthelekiseke kuwo onke amaziko kunye nemihla yengxelo yonke inika iingcali zekhredithi imbono enye, enokuphicothwa kunye nemithetho engaguqukiyo kwimeko nganye. Ukuba ungathanda ukwenza uluhlu olubi kuzo zonke iiofisingoko nangoko kwaye wakhe uvavanyo olungaguquguqukiyo, olukhuselekayo, dibana no ukuze ubone ukuba idatha yetyala ecwangcisiweyo inokuxhasa njani ukuhamba kwakho.