IiMfuno zokuGcina iiRekhodi phantsi koMthetho weSizwe weTyala
Qonda iimfuneko zokugcinwa kweerekhodi zeNCA kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala, kubandakanywa into emayigcinwe, ixesha elingakanani, kwaye ngoba.
Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi yenye yezinto ezingancumisiyo zokuthobela intengo yetyala, kodwa yenye yezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo. Xa i-NCR ihlola inkampani yakho okanye xa kuvela ingxabano yabathengi, ukukwazi kwakho ukuvelisa iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza kumisela ukuba isiphumo sisiqhelo okanye siyingozi. Iifemu ezininzi zithatha ukugcinwa kweerekhodi njengengcamango yamva-kwaye ziyihlawulele xa zingakwazi ukuphinda zenze oko kwenzekileyo.
UMthetho weSizwe weTyala ufuna ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala bagcine iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo zazo zonke izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko, uhlolo, kunye nonxibelelwano olunxulumeneyo. Ezi rekhodi mazigcinwe ngendlela evumela ukufunyanwa nokuqinisekiswa, kwaye kufuneka zigcinwe ixesha elimiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo iifemu ezininzi ziyasokola ukuhlangabezana nezi zibophelelo ngenxa yokuba iirekhodi zisasazwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo, zigcinwa ngokungangqinelaniyo, okanye zilahleke ngokupheleleyo xa abasebenzi bemka okanye iinkqubo zitshintsha. Eli nqaku licacisa ukuba zeziphi iimfuno zokugcina iirekhodi ezisebenzayo phantsi koMthetho weSizwe weTyala, ngawaphi amaxesha ofanele uwagcine, kunye nendlela yokwakha iinkqubo ezenza ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ibe sisiphumo sendalo sokusebenza kakuhle endaweni yokuba kube ngumthwalo osebenzayo. Ukufumana amagqabantshintshi eembophelelo zeNCA, bona eyethu isikhokelo esibanzi sokuthotyelwa kweNational Credit Act.
Yintoni efunwa yiNCA
Umthetho weNational Credit Act ugunyazisa ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala bagcine iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo zazo zonke izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko, uhlolo, kunye nonxibelelwano olunxulumeneyo. ICandelo lama-61 limisela izibophelelo zokugcina iirekhodi ezisebenza kuwo wonke umjikelo wetyala, ukususela kuvavanyo lokuqala lokufikeleleka ngolawulo oluqhubekayo lwe-akhawunti kunye neenkqubo zokucebisa amatyala. Ezi zibophelelo azikhethi, kwaye i-National Credit Regulator ilindele ukubona iirekhodi ezipheleleyo, ezifikelelekayo ngexesha lophicotho.
UMthetho ufuna ukuba iirekhodi zigcinwe ngendlela evumela ukufunyanwa nokuqinisekiswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba iirekhodi kufuneka zilungelelaniswe, zikhangeleke, kwaye zizaliswe ngokwaneleyo ukuze umphicothi-zincwadi okanye umlawuli akwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo, ukuba kwenzeke nini, kwaye kwakutheni ukuze kwenziwe izigqibo ezithile. Iirekhodi ezingacacanga okanye ezingaphelelanga zidala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kuba ziyasilela ukubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zalandelwa. I-NCR ilindele ukubona indlela yokusebenza engaguqukiyo, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, ukulandeleka kweziphumo, kunye nezizathu ezicacileyo zesigqibo ngasinye setyala.
Kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, izibophelelo zokugcinwa kweerekhodi zinwenwela kuwo wonke umba wobudlelwane betyala. Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka kufuneka lubhalwe phantsi, lubonise ukuba yeyiphi idata ethathelwe ingqalelo, ukubala kwenziwa njani, kwaye kutheni umniki-nkonzo egqibe kwelokuba ikhredithi ibifikeleleka okanye ayinakufikeleleka. Izivumelwano zetyala kufuneka zigcinwe kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu axhasayo, kubandakanywa neengxelo zesivumelwano sangaphambili, iikowuteshini, kunye namaxwebhu achazayo. Iirekhodi zolawulo lwe-akhawunti eziqhubekayo kufuneka zibonise imbali yokuhlawula, unxibelelwano kunye nabathengi, kunye naluphi na utshintsho kwimimiselo okanye iimeko.
Kubacebisi ngamatyala, iimfuno zokugcinwa kweerekhodi zibanzi ngokulinganayo. Yonke ifayile yetyala kufuneka iqulathe uvavanyo lokuqala lwamatyala agqithisileyo, iingxelo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiziko lamatyala, ukubalwa komlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso, izindululo ezithunyelwe kubaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko, iimpendulo ezifunyenweyo, kunye nezivumelwano zokugqibela ekufikelelwe kuzo. Ifayile kufuneka ichaze ibali elipheleleyo: indlela umcebisi oyivavanye ngayo imeko, yintoni abayicebiseyo, kunye nendlela umba owasonjululwa ngayo. Amaxwebhu angaphelelanga okanye angahambelaniyo adala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kwaye kunokukhokelela kwisenzo sokulawula.
I-NCA ayimiseli uhlobo oluthile lweerekhodi, kodwa ifuna ukuba iirekhodi ziphelele kwaye zifundeke. Iirekhodi zedijithali zamkelekile kwaye zilindeleke ngokunyukayo, kodwa kufuneka zikhuselwe ekulahlekeni, ekubhubhisweni, kunye nofikelelo olungagunyaziswanga. Imfuno ephambili kukuba iirekhodi zinokufunyanwa kwaye zingqinwe xa zifuneka - nokuba kuphicotho lwesiqhelo, izikhalazo zabathengi, okanye uphando lolawulo. Iisistim ezibeka embindini weerekhodi, zinike ufikelelo olukhangelekayo, kwaye zigcine iindlela zophicotho olubanzi zixhasa le mfuno ngendlela esebenzayo kuneefayile ezisasaziweyo okanye inkqubo yokufayilisha ngesandla.
Amaxesha athile oGcino
I-National Credit Act kunye nemimiselo enxulumeneyo ichaza amaxesha okugcinwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerekhodi zeentengo zemboleko. La maxesha awakho ngokungqongqo - abonisa imfuneko yokugcina iirekhodi ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa ulongamelo lolawulo, ukukhusela kwizikhalazo, kunye nokuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zomthetho ngelixa ulinganisa iimfuno zokukhusela idatha phantsi kwePOPIA.
IMimiselo ye-Credit Bereau (uMmiselo 19) ichaza ubuncinane bexesha lokugcinwa kwedatha ye-credit bureau. Idatha yophando - iirekhodi zexesha lokutsalwa kweengxelo zekhredithi - kufuneka zigcinwe ubuncinane unyaka omnye. Ulwazi lweprofayili yentlawulo - idatha malunga nokuziphatha kwentlawulo kunye nokusebenza kwe-akhawunti - kufuneka igcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu. La ngamaxesha amancinci, kwaye iingcali zekhredithi zingadinga ukugcina idatha ixesha elide ukuhlangabezana nezinye izibophelelo okanye ukukhusela kwizikhalazo ezinokuthi zibe khona okanye izenzo zomthetho.
Izivumelwano zetyala kunye namaxwebhu axhasayo agcinwa ubomi besivumelwano kunye nexesha emva kokuhlawula. Ixesha elichanekileyo lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesivumelwano kunye namabango asemthethweni anokubakho, kodwa iifemu ezininzi zigcina ezi rekhodi ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba isivumelwano sigqityiwe okanye siphelisiwe. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iirekhodi ziyafumaneka ukuba kuvela iingxabano okanye ukuba abalawuli baphanda izenzo zembali. Kwizivumelwano eziphantsi izityholo zokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali, ukugcinwa ixesha elide kunokuba bubulumko.
Iirekhodi zovavanyo lokufikeleleka kufuneka zigcinwe ngexesha elifanayo nezivumelwano zentengo zemboleko ezizixhasileyo. Ukuba isivumelwano sigcinwa iminyaka emihlanu emva kolungiso, uvavanyo olukhokelele kweso sivumelwano nalo kufuneka lugcinwe kwangelo xesha linye. Oku kudala irekhodi epheleleyo ebonisa ukuba yeyiphi idatha eqwalaselweyo, uhlolo lwenziwe njani, kwaye kutheni umniki-nkonzo egqibe kwelokuba ikhredithi iyafikeleleka. Ngaphandle kweerekhodi zovavanyo, kuba nzima ukukhusela izigqibo ezenziwe kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Amaxwebhu okucetyiswa kwetyala aneemfuno zawo zokugcina. Izicelo zeFom 17.2, izindululo ezithunyelwe kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, imiyalelo yenkundla, kunye nembalelwano enxulumene noko kufuneka zigcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba ityala livaliwe. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abacebisi ngamatyala banokubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zilandelwe, ukuba izindululo bezifanelekile, kwaye izivumelwano zifikelelwe ngobulungisa. I-NCR ilindele ukubona iifayile zetyala ezipheleleyo ngexesha lophicotho, kwaye amaxwebhu angekhoyo kudala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa.
UMthetho woKhuseleko loLwazi loBuqu udala ukruthakruthwano ngezi mfuno zokugcina. I-POPIA ifuna ukuba iinkcukacha zobuqu zingagcinwa ixesha elide kunemfuneko ngokwenjongo ebiqokelelwe ngayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iingcali zekhredithi azikwazi ukugcina idatha ngokungenasiphelo kuba inokuba luncedo - kufuneka balungelelanise iimfuno zokugcina ze-NCA kunye nomthetho-siseko wonyino wePOPIA. Isisombululo kukuseka imigaqo-nkqubo yokugcinwa ecacileyo echaza ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha ziya kugcinwa ixesha elingakanani, xa idatha iya kucinywa, kwaye yeyiphi imiqobo esebenzayo. Le migaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ibhalwe phantsi, idluliselwe kubasebenzi, ize iphunyezwe ngokucwangcisiweyo.
Zeziphi iiRekhodi emazigcinwe
Ababoneleli ngetyala kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi ezipheleleyo ezibhala yonke into ebambekayo yobudlelwane bamatyala kunye novavanyo. Iirekhodi ezithile ezifunekayo zixhomekeke kwindima kunye nohlobo lomsebenzi, kodwa iindidi ezithile zijikelele. Ukuqonda oko kufuneka kugcinwe kunceda iifemu zichonge izikhewu kwiindlela zazo zangoku zokugcina iirekhodi kunye nokwakha iinkqubo eziqinisekisa ukugqibelela.
Iingxelo zamaziko okuthenga ngetyala ezitsalweyo ukuba zihlolwe ziirekhodi ezibalulekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha ingxelo iceliwe kwi-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, okanye enye i-bureau, olo tsalo kufuneka lurekhodwe ngesitampu sexesha kwaye lubalulwe kumqhubi othile. Ingxelo ngokwayo kufuneka igcinwe njengoko yayikhona ngexesha lokutsalwa, ingatshintshwa ngenguqulelo yamva. Oku kudala irekhodi yembali yokuba yeyiphi idatha ekhoyo xa uvavanyo luqhutywa, oluyimfuneko xa kukhuselwa izigqibo ezenziwe kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka ngaphambili. I-LINK_0_ mayibonise ukuba zeziphi iingxelo ezitsaliweyo, xa zitsalwa, zatsalwa ngubani, kwaye ngesiphi isicelo okanye ityala.
Izibalo zokuhlola ukufikeleleka kufuneka zibhalwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuquka amanani engeniso asetyenzisiweyo, indlela athe aqinisekiswa ngayo, izibophelelo zetyala ezikhoyo ezichongiweyo, uqikelelo lweendleko ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nomlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso obaliweyo. Ukuba imodeli yamanqaku yangaphakathi okanye imithetho yezigqibo isetyenzisiwe, ezo kufuneka zibhalwe ngokunjalo. Izibalo kufuneka ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona - umphicothi-zincwadi kufuneka akwazi ukulandela indlela yokusebenza kwaye afikelele kumanani afanayo. Oku kungafihlwa kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kunye nolawulo lwangaphakathi lomgangatho.
Amaxwebhu ezigqibo kufuneka achaze ukuba kutheni kufikelelwe kwiziphumo ezithile. Nokuba ngaba isicelo samkelwe, saliwe, okanye sithunyelwe, ingqiqo kufuneka ibhalwe kwaye ibotshelelwe kwingxelo ethile yeziko kunye nezibalo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iingxelo eziqhelekileyo ezifana “nomthengi uyahlangabezana nemilinganiselo” azonelanga. Ingqiqo ifanele ichaze ukuba zeziphi iinkalo eziye zaqwalaselwa, indlela eziye zalinganiswa ngayo, kunye nesizathu sokuba kufikelelwe kwisiphumo esithile. Ukuba ikhredithi inikwe nangona kukho inkxalabo, okanye ukuba yaliwe ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile ezilungileyo, oko kuqiqa kufuneka kucace.
Izivumelwano zetyala kunye namaxwebhu axhasayo enza olunye udidi olubalulekileyo. Iingxelo zesivumelwano sangaphambili, iikowuteshini, amaxwebhu achazayo, izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo, nazo naziphi na izilungiso okanye ukwahluka kufuneka kugcinwe. La maxwebhu abonisa ukuba yeyiphi ingcaciso enikezelwe kubathengi, yeyiphi imiqathango ekuvunyelwene ngayo, kunye nendlela ubudlelwane obakhiwe ngayo. Xa kuvela iingxabano malunga nemigaqo, iindleko, okanye ukubhengezwa, ezi rekhodi zibalulekile ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa.
Imbalelwano nabathengi kufuneka igcinwe. Oku kuquka iifomu zesicelo, ii-imeyile, iileta, amanqaku okufowuna, kunye nalo naluphi na olunye unxibelelwano olunxulumene nobudlelwane bamatyala okanye iimvavanyo. Ezi rekhodi zinceda ukubonisa ukuba abathengi babenolwazi malunga nezigqibo, ukuba imibuzo yabo yaphendulwa, kwaye unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo lwenzekile. Xa kuvela izikhalazo, iirekhodi zembalelwano zinceda ukubonisa ukuba loluphi ulwazi olwabiwe kwaye nini.
Kubacebisi ngamatyala, amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo ayafuneka. Izicelo zeFom 17.2 kufuneka zigcinwe, kunye novavanyo lokuqala lokutshona kakhulu ematyaleni, iingxelo zeziko lamatyala ezisetyenziswe kolo vavanyo, ukubalwa komlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso, izindululo ezithunyelwe kubaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko, iimpendulo ezifunyenwe kubaboneleli, imiyalelo yenkundla, kunye nezivumelwano zokugqibela. Ifayile yetyala kufuneka ichaze ibali elipheleleyo: indlela umcebisi oyivavanye ngayo imeko, yintoni abayicebiseyo, indlela ababoneleli abasabela ngayo, kunye nendlela umbandela oye wasonjululwa ngayo. Iifayile ezingaphelelanga zidala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa.
Unxibelelwano nabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko lukwabalulekile kubacebisi ngamatyala. Xa iziphakamiso zithunyelwa, iimpendulo zifunyenwe, uthethathethwano olwenziweyo, okanye izivumelwano ezifikelelweyo, olu nxibelelwano kufuneka lubhalwe kwaye lugcinwe. I-NCR ilindele ukubona ubungqina bokuba abacebisi ngamatyala banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nababoneleli-nkonzo, banike ulwazi oluyimfuneko, kwaye baphendule imibuzo ngokukhawuleza. Unxibelelwano olulambathayo lunokulibazisa izisombululo kwaye ludale imihlaba yezikhalazo.
Ubume kunye noFikelelo
UMthetho weSizwe weTyala ufuna ukuba iirekhodi zigcinwe ngendlela evumela ukufunyanwa nokuqinisekiswa, kodwa awuchazi ifomathi ethile. Oku kuguquguquka kuvumela amafemu ukuba akhethe iindlela zokugcina ezihambelana nokusebenza kwazo, kodwa kwakhona kudala uxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezikhethiweyo zihlangabezana neemfuno eziphambili: iirekhodi kufuneka ziphelele, zifundeke, zifikeleleke kwaye zikhuseleke.
Iirekhodi zedijithali zamkelekile kwaye zilindeleke ngakumbi. I-NCR iyaqonda ukuba imisebenzi yekhredithi yanamhlanje ixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zedijithali, kwaye ukugcinwa kwedijithali kunokuphucula ukufikeleleka kunye nokhuseleko xa kuphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iirekhodi zedijithali kufuneka zikhuselwe ngokuchasene nelahleko, ukuphazamisa, kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Oku kuthetha ukuphumeza uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwindawo yokuphumla, ulawulo lofikelelo, iinkqubo zokugcina, kunye neelogi zophicotho ezilandelela ukuba ngubani ofikelele ukuba loluphi ulwazi kwaye nini.
Iirekhodi kufuneka zibuyiswe xa kufuneka. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zokugcina kufuneka zixhase amandla okukhangela kunye nokucoca okuvumela abasebenzi ukuba bafumane iirekhodi ezithile ngokukhawuleza. Xa kubhengezwa uphicotho-zincwadi okanye kuvela isikhalazo somthengi, iifemu kufuneka zikwazi ukuvelisa iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kweentsuku zokukhangela ngesandla. Iinkqubo ezibeka kumbindi weerekhodi, zibonelela ngofikelelo olukhangelekayo, kunye nonxulumano lwamaxwebhu anxulumeneyo zixhasa le mfuno ngokufanelekileyo kuneefayile ezisasazekileyo okanye iinkqubo zokufayilisha ngesandla.
Iirekhodi kufuneka ziqinisekiswe, okuthetha ukuba abaphicothi-zincwadi mabakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iirekhodi ziyinyani, ziphelele, kwaye zihambelana nexesha elinye. Amanqaku abhaliweyo kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga emva kokuba isigqibo senziwe athembeke kangako kunamaxwebhu adalwe ngelo xesha. Iisistim zeDijithali ezigximfiza iintshukumo zestampu sexesha, zibonakalise kubasebenzisi abathile, kwaye zithintele ukuguqulwa kwe-retroactive zenza uqinisekiso olomeleleyo kuneerekhodi zesandla ezinokuguqulwa okanye umva.
Ifomathi kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba iirekhodi zihlala zifundeka ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iirekhodi zedijithali ezigcinwe kwiifomathi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-PDF, iifomathi zedatha ezicwangcisiweyo, okanye iirekhodi zedatha ngokuqhelekileyo zihlangabezana nale mfuneko, kodwa iifemu kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zokugcina zihlala zifikeleleka njengoko iteknoloji iguquka. Iifomathi zobunikazi ezifuna isoftware ethile zinokungafikeleleki ukuba loo software iyekwa, idala umngcipheko wexesha elide.
Ulawulo lokufikelela lubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa. Asinguye wonke umsebenzi ofuna ukufikelela kuzo zonke iirekhodi, kwaye ulawulo lofikelelo olusekelwe kwindima luqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olubuthathaka lufikeleleka kuphela kwabo balufunayo kwiindima zabo. Oku kuxhasa zombini Ukuthotyelwa kwePOPI kunye nolindelo lwe-NCR kulawulo olululo lwedatha. Ufikelelo kufuneka lufakwe njengenxalenye yendlela yophicotho-zincwadi, ebonisa ukuba ngubani ofumene ulwazi kwaye nini.
I-backup kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela iintlekele ziqinisekisa ukuba iirekhodi azilahlekanga ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo, iintlekele zendalo, okanye ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyberattacks. I-NCA ayikuthetheleli ukungaphumeleli kokugcinwa kweerekhodi ngenxa yeengxaki zobuchwepheshe - iifemu zinoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba iirekhodi zigcinwa nangona iinkqubo eziphambili zisilela. Ii-backups eziqhelekileyo, iinkqubo zokubuyisela ezivavanywayo, kunye nokugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kwe-off-site kuyayixhasa le mfuneko.
Ingxaki ngeeRekhodi ezisasazekileyo
Iifemu ezininzi zeentengo zemboleko ziyasokola kugcino lweerekhodi kuba iirekhodi zisasazwe kwiinkqubo ezininzi, zigcinwa ngokungangqinelaniyo, okanye zilawulwe ngokweenkqubo ze-ad hoc. Olu lwahlulo ludala umngcipheko omkhulu wokuthotyelwa kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuqonda apho ezi ngxaki zivela khona kunceda iifemu zichonge oko kufuneka zitshintshe.
Iingxelo zePDF ezikhutshelweyo kwiidrive ezabelwana ngazo zenza ingxaki yokuqala: akukho khonkco oluzenzekelayo phakathi kwengxelo kunye nesicelo esazisileyo. Xa igosa lekhredithi likhupha ingxelo kwi-portal ye-bureau, likhuphe njenge-PDF, kwaye liyigcine kwifolda, inkqubo ayiyazi ukuba le ngxelo ihambelana neyiphi isicelo. Kamva, xa kufuneka amaxwebhu ophicotho-zincwadi okanye okukhalaza, abasebenzi mabasetshe iifolda kwiifolda, batshatise namagama eefayili kwizicelo, yaye banethemba lokuba isafumaneka ingxelo echanekileyo. Le nkqubo ineempazamo kwaye idla ixesha, kwaye idala izikhewu kumzila wophicotho.
Ii-imeyile kwii-inbhoks ezizimeleyo zenza esinye isikhewu. Xa abaphononongi besenza izigqibo kwaye benxibelelana nabo ngemisonto ye-imeyile, ezo zigqibo aziqhagamshelwanga kwiingxelo ze-bureau okanye izibalo ezizazisileyo. Isigqibo sikhona kwinkqubo enye, ingxelo ikhona kwenye, kwaye uqhagamshelwano kufuneka lwakhiwe ngokutsha ngesandla. Imisonto ye-imeyile inokususwa, idluliselwe ngokungalunganga, okanye ilahleke ngokupheleleyo, okwenza kube nzima ukubonisa ukuba sesiphi isigqibo esenziweyo kwaye kutheni. Xa abasebenzi beshiya umbutho, ii-akhawunti zabo ze-imeyile zinokucinywa, kuthathwe ulwazi lweziko kunye nabo.
Amanqaku kwi-spreadsheets enza iingxaki ezifanayo. Xa izibalo zovavanyo okanye amanqaku esigqibo egcinwa kwiifayile ze-Excel okanye iiSpredishithi zikaGoogle, zikhona ngokwahlukileyo kwiingxelo ze-bureau kunye neerekhodi zesicelo. Ikhonkco phakathi kwedatha, izibalo, kunye nezigqibo kufuneka zigcinwe ngesandla, kwaye zihlala ziqhekeza. Ispreadsheets zinokulungiswa ngokutsha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa xa amanqaku ayeyilwa okanye abonakalisa ukucinga kwangoku. Ulawulo lwenguqulelo alulunganga, kwaye iinguqulelo ezininzi zinokubakho ngaphandle kwenkcazelo ecacileyo enegunya.
Izigqibo ezithethwa ngomlomo zidala owona msantsa unzima. Xa abaphononongi besenza izigqibo ezintlanganisweni okanye kwiifowuni zokufowuna ngaphandle kokuzibhala ngokufanelekileyo, akukho rekhodi yento ekugqitywe ngayo okanye kutheni. Kamva, xa kufuneka amaxwebhu, abasebenzi kufuneka bathembele kwinkumbulo okanye bakhe ngokutsha izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi olungaphelelanga. Oku kudala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kuba abaphicothi-zincwadi abanakuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zilandelwe okanye ukuba izigqibo bezifanelekile.
Xa iirekhodi zisasazwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo kunye nabantu, ukufunyanwa kucotha, ukuphelela akuqinisekanga, kwaye ukulungela uphicotho kuphantsi. Ukuguqulwa kwabasebenzi kudibanisa ingxaki - xa umntu ophambili ehamba, ulwazi lweziko luhamba nabo. Iifayile zinokubakho kwiiakhawunti zabo ze-imeyile, kwiilaptop zabo, okanye kwimemori yazo. Umbutho ulahlekelwa amandla okwakha kwakhona okwenzekayo, ukudala ukuthotyelwa okubalulekileyo kunye nobungozi bokusebenza.
Iindleko zoku kuqhekeka zibonakala xa uphicotho lwenzeka okanye kuvela izikhalazo. Abasebenzi bachitha iintsuku bekhangela kwiisistim ezininzi, bethelekisa amaxwebhu nezicelo, bekhangela amanqaku ezigqibo, kwaye bedibanisa okwenzekayo. Le ndlela esebenzayo yonyusa uxinzelelo, idla ixesha elibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ihlala isilela ukuvelisa iirekhodi ezipheleleyo. Nokuba iirekhodi zidityanisiwe ekugqibeleni, izikhewu kunye nokungangqinelani kunokuhlala, kudala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukwakha iNkqubo yokuGcina iRekhodi eSebenzayo
Isisombululo kwiirekhodi ezisasazekileyo kukwakha ukugcinwa kweerekhodi kwinkqubo yovavanyo ngokwayo, ungayithathi njengomsebenzi wolawulo owahlukileyo. Xa zonke i-bureau zitsala, zonke izibalo, kwaye zonke izigqibo zirekhodwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-centralized system, iirekhodi ziba yimveliso yendalo yokusebenza kunokuba ngumthwalo ofuna inzame eyongezelelweyo.
Ugcino oluphakathi oludityaniswe novavanyo kunye nezigqibo ludala isiseko. Utsalo ngalunye lweziko kufuneka lugcinwe kwinkqubo efanayo apho uvavanyo luqhutywa khona kwaye nezigqibo zirekhodwa. Oku kudala amakhonkco azenzekelayo phakathi kwedatha, izibalo, kunye neziphumo. Xa umphicothi-zincwadi ecela ukubona uvavanyo lwesicelo esithile, ifayile epheleleyo ifumaneka kwindawo enye: ingxelo ye-bureau, izibalo, ingqiqo yesigqibo, kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu ahambelanayo. Akukho mfuneko yokukhangela kwiisistim ezininzi okanye uphinde wakhe uqhagamshelo ngesandla.
Isitembu sexesha esizenzekelayo siqinisekisa ukuba isenzo ngasinye sirekhodwa xa senzeka. Xa ingxelo ye-bureau itsalwa, inkqubo irekhoda isitampu sexesha ngokuzenzekelayo. Xa uvavanyo lugqityiwe, isistim irekhoda xa igqityiwe. Xa isigqibo senziwe, isistim irekhoda xa sigqitywe. Oku kudala irekhodi yolandelelwano lwamaxesha ebonisa ukulandelelana kweziganeko, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuboniseni ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zalandelwa nokuba izigqibo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwidatha ekhoyo.
Ulawulo lwenguqulelo lunqanda iirekhodi ukuba zingalahleki okanye zibhalwe ngaphezulu. Xa iingxelo zeofisi zihlaziywa okanye xa amanqaku ovavanyo ehlaziywa, inkqubo igcina iinguqulelo zembali. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abaphicothi-zincwadi banokubona ukuba yeyiphi idatha ekhoyo ngexesha lezigqibo ezenziweyo, nokuba loo datha itshintshile. Ulawulo loguqulelo lukwathintela ukucinywa okanye ukuguqulwa ngempazamo, kudala ungqinisiso olomeleleyo kuneenkqubo apho iirekhodi zinokutshintshwa emva koko.
Ukukhangela kunye nezakhono zokubuyisela zivumela abasebenzi ukuba bafumane iirekhodi ezithile ngokukhawuleza. Xa uphicotho-zincwadi lubhengezwa okanye kuvela isikhalazo somthengi, iifemu zinokukhangela ngenombolo yesicelo, igama lomthengi, uluhlu lomhla, okanye ezinye iindlela zokufumana iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuphelisa iintsuku zophendlo lwezandla olubonisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokugcina iirekhodi. Ukukhangela amandla kufuneka kwandiswe kuzo zonke iintlobo zeerekhodi: iingxelo zeofisi, uvavanyo, izigqibo, izivumelwano kunye nembalelwano.
Le ndlela ayikokwenza amaphepha amaninzi - imalunga nokwenza iirekhodi zibe yimveliso yendalo yenkqubo yovavanyo. Xa abaphononongi betsala iingxelo zeofisi ngenkqubo ezigcina ngokuzenzekelayo, xa besenza izibalo kwaloo nkqubo inye, naxa bebhala izigqibo kuloo nkqubo, iirekhodi zibakhona ngaphandle kokufuna umsebenzi wolawulo owahlukileyo. Uthotyelo lusebenza endaweni yolawulo, lunciphisa zombini iinzame kunye nomngcipheko.
Inzuzo ebonakalayo kukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukulungela uphicotho. Xa uphicotho lwenzeka, iifemu zinokuvelisa iirekhodi ezihambelanayo ngokukhawuleza endaweni yokukrazula ukudibanisa iifayile. Xa kuvela izikhalazo, banokubonisa kanye ukuba yeyiphi idatha eqwalaselweyo kunye nendlela ekufikelelwe kuyo ngayo izigqibo. Xa imigaqo-nkqubo itshintsha, inokuhlaziya iinkqubo ngokucwangcisiweyo kunokuba nethemba lokuba wonke umntu uyazikhumbula iimfuno ezintsha. Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi kuba yimveliso yokusebenza kakuhle endaweni yokuba kube ngumthwalo owahlukileyo.
Ukudibana kunye nePOPIA
UMthetho woKhuseleko loLwazi loBuqu udala ukruthakruthwano kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa kweerekhodi zeNCA. I-POPIA ifuna ukuba iinkcukacha zobuqu zingagcinwa ixesha elide kunemfuneko ngokwenjongo ebiqokelelwe ngayo, ngelixa iNCA kunye neCredit Bureau Regulations ichaza ubuncinane bexesha lokugcinwa. Iingcali zekhredithi kufuneka zilungelelanise ezi mfuno: ukugcina idatha ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zokulawula ngelixa ungayigcini ixesha elide kunemfuneko.
Isisombululo kukuseka imigaqo-nkqubo yokugcinwa ecacileyo echaza ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha ziya kugcinwa ixesha elingakanani, xa idatha iya kucinywa, kwaye yeyiphi imiqobo esebenzayo. Le migaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ibhalwe phantsi, idluliselwe kubasebenzi, ize iphunyezwe ngokucwangcisiweyo. Amaxesha okugcinwa kwawo kufuneka ahambelane neemfuno zolawulo: IMimiselo yeBhrohremu yeTyala ichaza amaxesha asezantsi edatha yeofisi, iimfuno zeNCA zichaza amaxesha ezivumelwano kunye novavanyo, kwaye iPOPIA ifuna ukuba idatha ingagcinwa ixesha elide kunemfuneko.
Ngeenkcukacha zophando zamaziko amatyala, iMimiselo yeKhredithi Bhurosi ifuna ukugcinwa ubuncinci unyaka omnye. Ngolwazi lweprofayili yentlawulo, ukugcinwa kuyafuneka iminyaka emihlanu ubuncinane. Izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko kunye novavanyo oluxhasayo kufuneka lugcinwe ubomi besivumelwano kunye nexesha emva kokulungiswa - rhoqo iminyaka emihlanu - ukuxhasa iingxabano ezinokubakho okanye uphando lolawulo. Amaxwebhu okucetyiswa kwetyala kufuneka agcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuvalwa kwetyala.
Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina idatha kwaphula ngokungenammiselo imfuno yePOPIA yokuba idatha ingagcinwa ixesha elide kunemfuneko. Emva kokuba amaxesha okugcina ephelile kwaye akukho mfuneko eqhubekayo yomthetho okanye yolawulo yokugcina idatha, kufuneka isuswe ngokukhuselekileyo. Oku kufuna iisistim ezinokuchonga idatha ephelelwe lixesha, iflegi ukuba icinywe, kwaye iyisuse ngokukhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iisistim eziquka ii-backups. Iinkqubo zokucinywa ngezandla zidla ngokuba neempazamo kwaye zihlala zikhokelela ekucinyweni kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ugcino olungenammiselo.
Bhala ipolisi yakho yogcino ngokucacileyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ucacise amaxesha okugcinwa kuhlobo ngalunye lwerekhodi, ingqiqo yaloo maxesha, izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuthi zisebenze, kunye neenkqubo zokucima ngokukhuselekileyo. La maxwebhu anceda ukubonisa kubalawuli ukuba uzithathele ingqalelo iimfuno zePOPIA kwaye usebenzise indlela ekhuselayo yokugcina idatha. Xa i-Information Regulator ibuza malunga nezenzo zokugcina, ungabonisa ukuba unomgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo kwaye uyalandelwa.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-NCA kunye nezibophelelo zePOPIA kuthetha ukuba iingcali zeentengo zemboleko azikwazi ukugcina yonke idatha ngokungenasiphelo “kwimeko nje” - kufuneka babe nemigaqo-nkqubo yokugcina ekhuselayo elinganisa iimfuno zolawulo kunye nemigaqo yokukhusela idatha. Iinkqubo ezilawula ngokuzenzekelayo amaxesha okugcinwa, idatha ephelelwe yiflegi ukuze icinywe, kwaye igcine iirekhodi zophicotho-zincwadi zemisebenzi yokucima zixhasa le bhalansi ngokufanelekileyo kuneenkqubo zezandla ezixhomekeke kubasebenzi abakhumbula ixesha lokucima idatha.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lwesikhokelo kwi- Ukuthotyelwa kwePOPIA xa uphethe idatha yekhredithi, kuquka iimfuno zokhuseleko, izivumelwano zokwenziwa kwedatha, kunye nemithetho yokudluliselwa kwemida, jonga isikhokelo sethu.
Yenza lula ukugcinwa kwakho kwerekhodi
UMthetho weSizwe weTyala ufuna ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi ngamatyala bagcine iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo zazo zonke izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko, uhlolo, kunye nonxibelelwano olunxulumeneyo. Ezi rekhodi mazigcinwe ngendlela evumela ukufunyanwa nokuqinisekiswa, kwaye kufuneka zigcinwe ixesha elimiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo iifemu ezininzi ziyasokola ukuhlangabezana nezi zibophelelo ngenxa yokuba iirekhodi zisasazwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo, zigcinwa ngokungangqinelaniyo, okanye zilahleke ngokupheleleyo xa abasebenzi bemka okanye iinkqubo zitshintsha.
Ukugcina ukugcinwa kweerekhodi kwinkqubo yakho yovavanyo kuguqula ukuthotyelwa komthwalo osebenzayo kube sisiphumo sendalo semisebenzi elungileyo. Xa zonke i-bureau zitsala, zonke izibalo, kwaye zonke izigqibo zirekhodwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwinkqubo ephakathi, iirekhodi ziba yimveliso yemisebenzi kunokuba ibe ngumsebenzi wolawulo owahlukileyo. Le ndlela ecwangcisiweyo iyanciphisa umgudu, isuse izikhewu, kwaye ivelise iirekhodi ezilungele ukulawulwa ezixhasa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezikhuselekayo.
Dibana no ukubhukisha idemo kwaye ubone ukuba zibekwe embindini, iirekhodi ezikhangelekayo kunye namaxwebhu azenzekelayo axhasa izibophelelo zakho zokugcina irekhodi zeNCA.