Ulawulo oluSekwe kwindima yoFikelelo lwamaQela okuthenga ngetyala

Amaqela amatyala aphatha iinkcukacha zezemali zabathengi yonke imihla. Iingxelo zeBureau ezivela kwi-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, XDS, kunye neCompuscan ziqulethe iimbali zentlawulo, uluhlu olubi, iinkcukacha zesazisi, kunye nezibonakaliso zokufikeleleka. Ngaphandle kolawulo olufanelekileyo lokufikelela, lonke ilungu leqela elinefolda okanye ukufikelela kwenkqubo lingabona yonke into - ukudala ukuthotyelwa, ubumfihlo, kunye neengozi zokusebenza ezingenakukwazi ukufikelela kwiifemu ezimiselweyo. Ulawulo olusekelwe kwindima (RBAC) yindlela onciphisa ngayo ukuba ngubani onokutsala iingxelo, ngubani onokujonga idatha, ngubani onokwenza izigqibo, kwaye ngubani onokutshintsha ulungelelwaniso - kwaye kutheni kubalulekile kubanikezeli bekhredithi, abacebisi ngamatyala, kunye nee-broker eMzantsi Afrika. Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba i-RBAC ithetha ukuthini xa isenziwa, kutheni amaqela etyala eyifuna, kwaye lujongeka njani ulawulo lofikelelo olululo ukuze ukwazi ukukhusela iinkcukacha ezibuthathaka, ukuhlangabezana I-POPIA neemfuno, kwaye ugcine ucocekile iindlela zophicotho. Jonga ukuba isebenza njani nge- ukubhukisha idemo.

Yintoni uLawulo loFikelelo oluSekwe kwindima?

Ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima yindlela yokunika iimvume ezisekelwe kwindima yomntu embuthweni, endaweni yokunika wonke umntu ukufikelela okufanayo okanye ukulawula iimvume umntu omnye ngexesha. Kumxholo wekhredithi, akusiyo i-IT jargon - yimpendulo esebenzayo kubani ovunyelwe ukwenza ntoni ngedatha ye-bureau kunye neenkqubo zezigqibo.

Kwisiseko sayo, i-RBAC iphendula imibuzo emine: ngubani onokutsala iingxelo zekhredithi kwi-bureaux, ngubani onokujonga kwaye ahlalutye loo datha, ngubani onokurekhoda okanye avume izigqibo zekhredithi, kwaye ngubani onokumisela imithetho, abasebenzisi, okanye izicwangciso zenkqubo. Nganye kwezi isakhono esahlukileyo. Umvavanyi unokufuna ukutsala iingxelo kwaye ajonge idatha kuyobenze umsebenzi wabo; kusenokungafuneki ukuba batshintshe imida yokuvunywa okanye balawule abanye abasebenzisi. Iqela elikhokelayo lisenokufuna ukuphonononga kwaye lingazihoyi izigqibo ngaphandle kokufuna ukumisela inkqubo. Umlawuli unokufuna ukulawula abasebenzisi kunye neemvume ngaphandle kokwenza izigqibo zomntu ngetyala. Igosa lokuthobela okanye umphicothi-zincwadi unokufuna ukufikelela ekufundeni kuphela ukuphonononga amatyala kwaye alungiselele uphicotho ngaphandle kokukwazi ukulungisa nantoni na.

Iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zabela ezi zakhono kwiindima, kwaye zabela iindima ebantwini. Xa umntu engena, inkqubo inyanzelisa oko bakubonayo nabakwenzayo ngokusekelwe kwindima yabo. Isiphumo kukuba ukufikelela kufanelekileyo kumsebenzi - akukho ngaphezulu, akukho ngaphantsi - kwaye zonke izenzo zingabalelwa kwindima eyaziwayo kunye nomsebenzisi. Yiloo nto i-RBAC ekhangeleka ngayo kumaqela amatyala: icacile, iyaphicothwa, kwaye ihambelana nendlela elisebenza ngayo ishishini.

Kutheni Amaqela eTyala eyidinga

Amaqela okuthenga ngetyala afuna ulawulo lokufikelela olusekelwe kwindima ngenxa yezizathu ezine eziphambili: izibophelelo zePOPIA zokukhusela ulwazi lomntu siqu, ulindelo lwe-NCA kunye ne-NCR kwizigqibo ezinokulandeleka, iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kwe-bureau engagunyaziswanga ukutsalwa, kunye nokunciphisa impazamo yabantu xa abantu abagunyazisiweyo kuphela bethatha amanyathelo anobuzaza.

I-POPIA ifuna amaqela anoxanduva aphumeze amanyathelo afanelekileyo obugcisa nawentlangano ukukhusela inkcazelo yobuqu ekulahlekeni, kumonakalo, okanye ekufikeleleni ngokungekho mthethweni. Idatha yetyala iphakathi kwezona ndidi zinovakalelo. Ukukhawulela ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kuyo - kunye nokugawulwa kwemithi ngubani owenza ntoni - yindlela ethe ngqo yokubonisa ukuba uthatha ukhuseleko lwedatha ngokungathí sina. I-POPIA yokuthotyelwa kwedatha yekhredithi ayikhethi, kunye nolawulo lofikeleloziyinxalenye engundoqo yemeko yokhuseleko. Xa abaphicothi-zincwadi okanye i-Information Regulator bebuza ukuba uyikhusela njani idatha ye-bureau, ukukwazi ukubonisa iimvume ezisekelwe kwindima kunye neelog zokufikelela kunamandla kakhulu kunokuvuma ukuba wonke umntu onokufikelela kwi-drive unokubona yonke into.

I-National Credit Act kunye ne-NCR zilindele ukuba uvavanyo lwetyala lube nokulandeleka. Kufuneka ukwazi ukubonisa ukuba yeyiphi idatha esetyenzisiweyo, yeyiphi imigaqo esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ngubani owenze isigqibo. Oko kulula kakhulu xa inkqubo iyazi ukuba ngubani ovunyelwe ukutsala iingxelo, ukujonga idatha, kunye nezigqibo zerekhodi - kwaye xa zonke izenzo zibangelwa ngumqhubi othile. Iimfuno zomkhondo wophicotho lwetyala eMzantsi Afrika ixhomekeke kolu hlobo lunikelwe. I-RBAC iqinisekisa ukuba abantu abagunyazisiweyo kuphela benza izenzo ezinovakalelo, ngoko ke umkhondo wophicotho-zincwadi ubonisa uxanduva lokwenene kunokuba lukhululekile kubo bonke.

Ukutsalwa kwe-Bureau kubiza imali kwaye kufuneka kuthethelelwe. Xa nabani na onofikelelo lwenkqubo banokutsala iingxelo ngokuthanda kwakho, ujongene neendleko ezingeyomfuneko kunye nomngcipheko wokuthotyelwa. Utsalo kufuneka ludityaniswe nezicelo okanye iimeko kwaye lwenziwe ngabasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo ukuba benze njalo. I-RBAC ikuvumela ukuba uthintele i-bureau yokutsala iimvume kubavavanyi okanye iindima ezichongiweyo, ukuze ulawule iindleko kwaye ubonise ukuba ukufikelela kuyafuneka kwaye kuyalingana.

Okokugqibela, ukunciphisa ukuba ngubani onokwenza izigqibo okanye atshintshe ubumbeko kunciphisa impazamo yabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi. Xa kuphela abavavanyi abagunyazisiweyo abanokurekhoda izigqibo kwaye ngabalawuli kuphela abanokutshintsha imithetho, uphephe utshintsho oluzenzekelayo okanye olungafanelekanga kwaye ugcine ikhonkco loxanduva licacile. Isetyenziswa ziifemu ezicwangcisiweyo kwaye ziyilelwe ukwenza izigqibo zetyala rhoqo,I-RBAC yakhelwe ukuthotyelwa kunye nesikali.

Iindima eziqhelekileyo kwiSebe leTyala

Enyanisweni, imisebenzi yekhredithi idla ngokuququzelela iindima ezincinci. Ukwenza imephu ezi kwiimvume linyathelo lokuqala lokuphumeza i-RBAC ehambelana nendlela osebenza ngayo.

Abavavanyi okanye abahlalutyi ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka batsale iingxelo zekhredithi, bajonge idatha ye-bureau ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye barekhode uvavanyo kunye nesigqibo sabo. Akuyomfuneko ukuba bavumele ukugqithiswa, ukulawula abasebenzisi, okanye ukutshintsha iiparameters zesistim. Indima yabo kukwenza uvavanyo kunye nokubhala isiphumo; inkqubo kufuneka ibavumele benze loo nto kwaye akukho nto ingaphaya kwayo.

Abakhokheli beqela okanye abaphathi basoloko befuna ukuphonononga izigqibo, babhale ngaphezulu okanye bathumele iimeko, kwaye mhlawumbi bahlengahlengise iiparamitha phakathi kwemida echaziweyo. Basenokufuna ukubonakala kuzo zonke iimeko zeqela labo ngaphandle kokufuna amalungelo apheleleyo olawulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokuba benze abasebenzisi okanye batshintshe ubumbeko behlabathi.

Abalawuli balawula abasebenzisi, babeke iimvume, kunye nokufikelela kwiilogi zophicotho. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abantu abafanelekileyo banendima efanelekileyo kwaye umbutho unokubonisa ukufikelela okulawulwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokuba bazenzele izigqibo ngetyala; umsebenzi wabo kukugcina inkqubo kunye nemodeli yokufikelela ichanekile.

Iindima zokufunda kuphela okanye zomphicothi-zincwadi zezamagosa othotyelo, uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi, okanye abaphononongi bangaphandle. Kufuneka bajonge iirekhodi kunye neendlela zophicotho ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuguqula idatha okanye izigqibo. Oku kuxhasa ulindelo Ukuthotyelwa kweNCA kunye ne-NCR ngokuvumela uphononongo oluzimeleyo ngelixa kuthintela naluphi na utshintsho kubungqina.

Ayizizo zonke iifemu eziza kusebenzisa ezi ndima zine; abanye baya kongeza okanye bahlukane(umzekelo, i-bureau-tsala indima ezinikeleyo okanye i-super-admin). Umgaqo uyafana: chaza indima nganye evunyelweyo ukuba yenziwe, yabela abantu iindima, kwaye uvumele inkqubo iyinyanzelise ukuze ufikelelo lufanelekile kwaye luphicotheke.

Ingxaki ngeeDrives ekwabelwana ngazo kunye noFikelelo oluVulekileyo

Xa idatha ye-bureau ihlala kwiidrive ekwabelwana ngazo njengeePDF, ulawulo lofikelelo lusebenza ngokubini: nabani na onokufikelela kwifolda unokubona yonke into. Akukho lulawulo lwegranular malunga nokuba ngubani na onokuvula ingxelo, akukho ndlela yokumisela umqobo kubasebenzi abathile kwiimeko ezithile, kwaye akukho khonkco lithembekileyo phakathi kofikelelo kwifayile kunye nomkhondo wophicotho olufanelekileyo. Ukwabelana ngengxelo esekelwe kwi-imeyile kwenza ingxaki ibe mandundu - iingxelo zithunyelwa okanye zincanyathiselwe, kwaye emva kokuba zithunyelwe, awunalo ulawulo apho zigcinwe khona okanye ngubani onokuzivula.

Kwelo hlabathi, awukwazi ukubonisa ukuba ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abafikelele kwidatha ebuthathaka. Awunako ukubonisa ukuba ukutsalwa kwe-bureau kwenziwa kuphela ngabasebenzi abavunyelwe ukuba benze njalo. Awunakwenza izigqibo ezicocekileyo kubasebenzisi abathile, kuba iPDF enye inokujongwa ngabantu abaninzi kwaye “isigqibo” sinokuhlala kwi-imeyile okanye kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo. Xa i-NCR okanye umphicothi-zincwadi ebuza ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kwidatha yalo mthengi, okanye ngubani owenze esi sigqibo, impendulo ihlala ithi “wonke umntu onokufikelela kwi-drive” okanye “asiqinisekanga.” Oko kujongela phantsi zombini I-POPIA ukuthobela kunye umkhondo wophicotho nokhuseleko.

Imingcipheko yokwenyani yehlabathi ibandakanya ukuvezwa ngokungeyomfuneko kwedatha yabathengi, ukutsalwa okungagunyaziswanga okanye okugqithisileyo, kunye nezigqibo ezingenakubalwa ngokuthembekileyo. Iisistim ezicwangcisiweyo zithintela oku ngokususa idatha ngaphandleyeefolda ezivulekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo apho iimvume ziyigranular: ngubani onokutsala iingxelo, ngubani onokujonga idatha, ngubani onokwenza izigqibo, kwaye ngubani onokuqwalasela inkqubo. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kokuthi “wonke umntu ubona yonk’ into” yaye “umntu ngamnye ubona aze enze oko kuvunyelwa yindima yakhe.”

Ijongeka njani iRBAC entle xa uQeqesha

Ulawulo olululo olusekwe kwindima elungileyo kwimeko yetyala lubonakala kwiindawo ezintlanu: iimvume zokutsalwa kwe-bureau, ukubonakala kwedatha, igunya lezigqibo, ukufikelela kwilogi yophicotho, kunye namalungelo oqwalaselo.

Iimvume zokutsalwa kwe-Bureau kufuneka zithintelwe kwiindima ezifuna ukucela iingxelo zovavanyo - ngokuqhelekileyo abavavanyi okanye abahlalutyi. Inkqubo kufuneka irekhode ukuba ngubani okhuphe ingxelo, nini, kwaye ngesiphi isicelo okanye ityala. Oko kunciphisa iindleko, kunqanda utsalo oluqhelekileyo okanye olungagunyaziswanga, kwaye igcina i- umkhondo wophicotho icacile.

Ukubonakala kwedatha kufuneka kujongwe ukuze abasebenzi babone kuphela oko bakufunayo. Abavavanyi banokubona amatyala okanye izicelo ezabelwe bona; abakhokheli beqela banokubona umsebenzi weqela labo; iindima zokufunda kuphela zinokubona idatha yoqwalaselo ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuhlela. Oku kuxhasa umthetho-siseko wePOPIA wokunciphisa idatha kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ugunyaziso lwesigqibo kufuneka luchaze ukuba ngubani onokubhala okanye avume izigqibo. Abavavanyi babhala phantsi uvavanyo lwabo kunye nesiphumo; Abaphathi banokuba namalungelo okugqithisa okanye okuthumela. Inkqubo kufuneka inyanzelise ukuba ziindima ezigunyazisiweyo kuphela ezinokuthi zingenise okanye zivume izigqibo, kwaye isigqibo ngasinye kufuneka sibotshelelwe kumsebenzisi kunye nendima ukuze “ngubani owenze ntoni” angaze athandabuze.

Ufikelelo lwelog yophicotho kufuneka lufumaneke kubalawuli kwaye, phiiindima ezifanelekileyo, zokuthobela okanye zophicotho. Iilogi kufuneka zibonise ukuba ngubani ofikelele kwidatha, nini, kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo athathiweyo. Oko kuxhasa ukongamela kwangaphakathi kunye nokulungela umlawuli.

Amalungelo oqwalaselo - ukumisela imithetho yokuvuma, iiparamitha zekhadi lamanqaku, okanye izabelo zomsebenzisi kunye nendima - kufuneka zikhawulelwe kubalawuli okanye indima ezinikeleyo yoqwalaselo. Abavavanyi kunye nabakhokheli beqela akufuneki bakwazi ukutshintsha imigaqo elawula uhlolo; egcina indawo yolawulo icocekile.

Xa ezi ndawo zintlanu ziphunyezwa ngokuqhubekayo, une-RBAC ekhusela ngokwenene idatha, ixhasa ukuthotyelwa, kwaye igcina iindlela zophicotho zicocekile. Le yiyo umboneleli wetyala kunye iingcebiso zamatyala imisebenzi ethatha ulawulo olubalulekileyo ijolise kuyo.

IiNzuzo zokuThobela noLawulo

Ulawulo olusekelwe kwindima luxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iPOPIA, iNCA, kunye nolindelo lwe-NCR. Ijika “sikhusela idatha” ibe yinto onokuyibonisa.

Umgaqo wokunciphisa idatha wePOPIA ufuna ukuba ufikelelo kulwazi lomntu luthintelwe koko kuyimfuneko kwinjongo. I-RBAC iphumeza oko ngokuyila: indima nganye ineemvume ezifunekayo kulo msebenzi. Ungabonisa i-Information Regulator ukuba ufikelelo lusekwe kwindima, lubhalwe, kwaye lulogiwe.

I-NCA kunye ne-NCR zilindele ukuchazwa kwabaqhubi kuphicotho - ngubani okhuphe ingxelo, ngubani owenze isigqibo, nokuba bagunyazisiwe ukwenza njalo. Xa kuphela iindima ezithile ezinokutsala iingxelo kunye nezigqibo ezirekhodiweyo, isenzo ngasinye kumzila wophicotho-zincwadi sibangelwa ngumntu ovunyelwe ukuba asithathe. Oko komeleza indawo yakho ngexesha Uphicotho-zincwadi lwe-NCR naxa ukhusela ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali okanyeeminye imingeni.

I-NCR iphinda ilindele iimeko ezilawulwayo: iinkqubo ezicacileyo, indlela engaguqukiyo, kunye nobungqina bokuba umbutho ulawula idatha kunye nezigqibo zayo. I-RBAC yinxalenye yelo bali. Ibonisa ukuba uye wacinga malunga nokuba ngubani ekufuneka enze ntoni, ukuba uyinyanzelise ngenkqubo, kwaye unokungqina oko ngeelog kunye nezabelo zendima. Kunye ne idatabase yengxelo yetyala enokuphendwa kunye ukuzihambela komsebenzi, ulawulo lofikelelo olucwangcisiweyo lunceda amaqela ekhredithi ukuhlangabezana nolindelo lolawulo ngaphandle kokubuyisela ukuthotyelwa emva kwenyani.

Jonga ukuba iziLawuli zoFikelelo eziLungisiweyo zisebenza njani

Amaqela ekhredithi aphatha idatha ye-bureau evela kwi-Experian, i-Datanamix, i-TransUnion, i-XDS, kunye ne-Compuscan kufuneka ikhusele loo datha, ihlangabezane ne-POPIA, kwaye igcine iindlela zophicotho-zincwadi ezinokuthi zithembele kwi-NCR kunye nabaphicothi-zincwadi. Ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima yindlela oqinisekisa ngayo ukuba ngabantu abalungileyo kuphela abatsala iingxelo, bajonge idatha, kwaye benze izigqibo - kwaye zonke izenzo zibangelwa kwaye zifanelekile.

Xa idatha ye-bureau iphuma kwi-drives ekwabelwana ngayo kwaye ingena kwinkqubo eyakhiweyo kunye neemvume zegranular, unciphisa umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa, ukutsala iindleko ze-bureau, kwaye ugcine umkhondo wakho wophicotho ucacile. Isetyenziswe ngamafemu acwangcisiweyo kwaye yakhelwe ukuthotyelwa kunye nesikali, i-RBAC ayisongezo; yinxalenye yendlela asebenza ngayo amatyala anzima.

Dibana no ukubhukisha idemo kwaye ubone ukuba ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima kunye neendlela ezipheleleyo zophicotho zisebenza kwiqela lakho.