Inqubo Yokubuyekeza Izikweletu eNingizimu Afrika | Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela
Landela inqubo yokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu ngaphansi kwe-NCA kusukela ekuthathweni kuya kumyalelo wemvume, nezidingo ezibalulekile zamadokhumenti abeluleki bezikweletu baseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezikweletu ngaphansi koMthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu kuyinqubo yomthetho ehlelekile enezigaba ezichaziwe, izidingo zokubhalwa kwemibhalo, kanye nemiphumela. Nokho amafemu amaningi aluleka ngezikweletu asayisebenzisa ngezinyathelo ezenziwa ngesandla, imibiko ye-PDF, kanye nemibhalo ehlukene. Uma icala ngalinye lisingathwa ngendlela ehlukile futhi amafayela esakazwa kuwo wonke ama-imeyili namadrayivu ahlanganyelwayo, ukungaguquguquki kuyaphazamiseka futhi ukulungela ukuhlola kuba isiphiwo. Abeluleki bezikweletu abanelayisensi badinga ukugeleza komsebenzi okucacile, okuphindaphindwayo okuhlangabezana nokulindelwe kwe-NCA ne-NCR kuyilapho behlisa umthwalo wokuphatha. Lo mhlahlandlela ubeka lokho okudingwa nguMthetho, uhamba enqubweni yokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokombono kadokotela, futhi uchaza ukuthi izinqubo ezenziwa ngezandla zehlukana kuphi nokuthi amathuluzi akhelwe inhloso angasisekela kanjani isigaba ngasinye ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo yokwahlulela kochwepheshe.
Okudingwa Umthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu
Inqubo yokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu isekelwe kuMthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu (uMthetho wama-34 wezi-2005). Isigaba sama-86 sivumela umthengi ukuthi afake isicelo kumeluleki wezikweletu ukuze anqume ukuthi unezikweletu ezidlulele futhi, uma umeluleki ethola ukuthi umthengi unezikweletu ezidlulele, afake isicelo sokuhlela kabusha izivumelwano zezikweletu. Izibopho zomeluleki zicacile: qoqa ulwazi, uhlole ukuthi umthengi noma ngeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho ngesikhathi (ukuhlolwa kweSigaba 79), futhi uma kunjalo, lungiselela isiphakamiso esizocatshangelwa abahlinzeki bezikweletu. Isiphakamiso kumele sisekelwe ekuhlolweni okufanele kwemali engenayo, izindleko, kanye nezibopho ezikhona; I-NCR ilindele ukuthi lokho kuhlola kubhalwe phansi futhi kulandeleke.
Uma isiphakamiso sesithunyelwe, abahlinzeki bezikweletuube nesikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuphendula. Uma benqaba isiphakamiso noma izingxoxo zehluleka, udaba lungadluliselwa ku-National Consumer Tribunal noma enkantolo ukuze bathole imvume noma isinqumo. Umeluleki kufanele agcine amarekhodi esicelo, ukuhlolwa, isiphakamiso, izimpendulo zabakweletwayo, nanoma iyiphi inkantolo noma umphumela wenkantolo. I-Uhlaka lokuthobela uMthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke ebanzi isebenza kuyo yonke indawo: ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwabathengi, kanye nekhono lokubonisa indlela yokusebenza lapho i-NCR ibuyekeza amafayela. Ukubhalwa kwemibhalo esigabeni ngasinye akukona ukuzikhethela; yikho okuhlukanisa inqubo evikelekayo kuleyo engakwazi ukuchazwa noma ukukhiqizwa kabusha.
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo: Inqubo Yokubuyekeza Isikweletu
Ngokombono womsebenzi, inqubo yokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu ingahlukaniswa ibe izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili. Isigaba ngasinye sikhiqiza imibhalo ethile okufanele igcinwe efayeleni lecala.
Ukuthatha kanye nemvume yekhasimende. Umthengi uya kumeluleki wezikweletu futhi agcwalise isicelo sokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu. Umeluleki kufanele athole imvume enolwazi, achaze inqubo nemithelela (okuhlanganisa nesaziso seFomu le-16 kumahhovisi ezikweletu kanye nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo uma inqubo isiqalile), futhi aqoqe omazisi, ubufakazi bemali engenayo, kanye nohlu lwabakweletwayo noma ama-akhawunti. Irekhodi lokuthatha, ifomu lemvume, namadokhumenti asekelayo kwakha isisekelo sefayela. Ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile kanye nesithombe esiphelele sesimo somthengi, yonke inqubo ayikwazi ukuqhubeka kahle.
Isaziso seFomu 16 esiya kuma-credit bureaux. Uma isicelo samukelwe, umeluleki wezikweletu wazisaizikhungo zezikweletu ezibhalisiwe zisebenzisa iFomu 16 (noma elilinganayo elinqunyiwe). Lesi saziso sivusa ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni okuvimbela abahlinzeki bezikweletu ekulandeleni izinyathelo zokuphoqelela ngenkathi umthengi engaphansi kokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu. Usuku lwesaziso kanye nobufakazi bokulethwa kufanele kugcinwe. Ukulethwa kweFomu 16 okulahlekile noma okubambezelekile kungabeka umthengi ekucindezelweni okungadingekile futhi kudale izinkinga zokuthobela imithetho.
Umbiko weHhovisi uyadonsa futhi uhlaziye. Umeluleki uthola imibiko yezikweletu ehhovisi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze athwebule zonke izivumelwano zezikweletu ezibikiwe, amabhalansi, izitolimende, kanye nokuziphatha kokukhokha. Ukuqonda indlela yokufunda nokuhumusha imibiko yezikweletu ibalulekile: ama-akhawunti kufanele akhonjwe, isamba esitholiwe, kanye nezinhlu ezingezinhle namaphrofayela okukhokha aphawulwe. Ukudonsa kwehhovisi elilodwa kungaphuthelwa ama-akhawunti abanjwe namanye ama-bureau, ngakho-ke izinqubo eziningi zisebenzisa ama-multi-bureau noma idatha ehlanganisiwe. Imibiko esetshenzisiwe, idethi eyakhishwa ngayo, nokuhlaziywa (okuyinto ama-akhawunti afakiwe, izibopho eziphelele, nanoma imaphi amafulegi) kufanele kubhalwe phansi ukuze isigaba esilandelayo sincike kusethi yedatha ecacile, ehlolekayo.
Ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela. Ngokusebenzisa idatha yehhovisi kanye nezimali ezingenayo eziqinisekisiwe kanye nezindleko zokuphila eziphusile, umeluleki wenza ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela futhi anqume ukuthi umthengi unezikweletu ezidlulele yini ngaphansi kweSigaba 79. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqhathanisa isamba sezibopho zezikweletu zenyanga nemali engenayo etholakalayo (imali engenayo ngemva kokubanjwa kanye nezindleko zokuphila). Indlela yokubala, izibalo ezisetshenzisiwe, nesiphetho kufanele kurekhodwe. Uma ukuhlola kwenziwa kuspredishithi noma ephepheni ngaphandle kokuxhumanisa emuva nemibiko yomthombo, ukuhlolwaumzila ubuthakathaka; uma iboshelwe kudatha yehhovisi ehlelekile efanayo esetshenziswe esiphakamisweni, isixhumanisi sisobala.
Ukulungiswa kwesiphakamiso. Umeluleki ubhala isiphakamiso sokuhlela kabusha esinikezela ngensalela etholakalayo yomthengi kuzo zonke izivumelwano zezikweletu ngendlela efanele neqhubekayo. Isiphakamiso kufanele sisekelwe ekuhloleni ukukwazi ukukhokhela futhi kufanele sithunyelwe kubo bonke abahlinzeki bezikweletu abafanelekile ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Idokhumenti yesiphakamiso, uhlu lwabamukeli, kanye nosuku lokuthunyelwa kwakha ingxenye yefayela. Ukungaguquguquki endleleni iziphakamiso ezakhiwe ngayo—umqondo ofanayo, umthombo ofanayo wedatha—kunciphisa amaphutha futhi kusekela ukuzivikela.
Ukuxoxisana nabakweletwayo. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu bangamukela, basenqabe, noma basiphikise isiphakamiso. Umeluleki urekhoda zonke izimpendulo, alandele lapho kudingeka khona, futhi angase abuyekeze isiphakamiso ngenxa yempendulo yombolekisi. Izincwadi kanye namaminithi anoma yiziphi izivumelwano kufanele agcinwe. Ama-imeyili ahlakazekile namanothi angasayiniwe enza kube nzima ukufakazela ukuthi yini okuvunyelwene ngayo futhi nini.
Umyalelo wemvume noma ukudluliselwa kwenkantolo. Uma bonke abahlinzeki bezikweletu besamukela isiphakamiso, umeluleki usiza ekutholeni imvume yenkantolo noma inkantolo, okuyiyona ehlela kabusha ngokusemthethweni. Uma umbolekisi oyedwa noma abaningi benqaba futhi izingxoxo zihluleka, udaba lungadluliselwa enkantolo noma enkantolo ukuze kunqunywe. I-oda noma ukudluliselwa, umphumela, nanoma yikuphi ukuhluka kwesiphakamiso sokuqala kufanele kufakwe. Leli ihange elisemthethweni lezibopho ezihlelwe kabusha.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokukhishwa kwemvume. Kuyo yonke impilo yokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu, umeluleki uqapha izinkokhelo,ixhumana nabakweletwayo, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umthengi uhlangabezana nemibandela ehlelwe kabusha. Lapho zonke izibopho ezingaphansi kwe-oda sezigcwalisekile, umeluleki ukhipha isitifiketi sokugunyazwa futhi azise ihhovisi. Amarekhodi okukhokha, imibhalo yemvume, nezaziso zehhovisi zigcwalisa ifayela. Umkhondo ocacile wokucwaningwa kwamabhuku kusukela ekuthatheni kuye ekugunyazweni usekela kokubili umthengi kanye nefemu uma i-NCR noma umcwaningi mabhuku ebuyekeza icala.
Lapho Izinqubo ezenziwa Mathupha Zephuka Khona
Izinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla zenza amaphuzu obuhlungu abikezelwe akhuphukayo njengoba ama-caseloads akhula. Imibiko ye-PDF Bureau iyibhodlela lokuqala: yakhelwe ukufundwa kwabantu, hhayi ukuqhathanisa noma ukubala. Umeluleki othola imibiko ebuyekeziwe ngokuhlukana kwezinyanga akanayo indlela ehlelekile yokubona ukuthi yini eshintshile—yimaphi ama-akhawunti akhokhelwe phansi, awonakele—ngaphandle kokuphinda afunde womabili amadokhumenti nokuqhathanisa mathupha. Lapho kusetshenziswa ama-bureaux amaningi, ukuqhathanisa kuwo wonke ama-PDF kubahlinzeki abahlukene kuba nzima nakakhulu. Umphumela uba ukungahambisani endleleni amathothali atholwa ngayo nokuthi isikhundla seklayenti elifanayo sitolikwa kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izibalo zokufinyeleleka ezisekelwe ku-Excel zethula isethi yesibili yezingozi. Izibalo zivame ukuthayishwa zisuka kuma-PDF noma zisuka enkumbulweni; azixhumi emuva embikweni womthombo. Uma umcwaningi mabhuku ebuza ukuthi yimuphi umbiko we-bureau osetshenziswe ecaleni elithile, noma iyiphi inguqulo yombiko, impendulo ingase incike emagameni wefayela kanye nokuqagela. Amaphutha efomula angasabalala, futhi abeluleki abahlukene bangasebenzisa izifanekiso noma izimiso ezihluke kancane. Awukho umthombo owodwa weqiniso: inani lesibopho elithi “master” esiphakamisweni akumelefanisa isamba sama-akhawunti kumbiko wehhovisi, futhi ukulandelela umehluko kudla isikhathi.
Amadokhumenti asakazwe kuwo wonke ama-imeyili, amadrayivu abiwayo, namafayela ephepha enza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kube nzima. Lapho i-NCR icela ifayela, ukuhlanganisa ukulandisa okuhambisanayo okuvela emilayezweni eminingi kanye namadokhumenti axegayo kuyacindezela futhi kuba namaphutha. Izitembu zesikhathi kungenzeka zingekho noma zingathembeki; kungase kungacaci ukuthi ubani othathe siphi isinyathelo futhi nini. Imikhuba encike ezinqubweni ezenziwa mathupha ngokuvamile ithola ukuthi izindleko zokuphendula izicelo zokuthobelana nokulungisa amaphutha zidlula izindleko zokwamukela amasistimu ahlelekile. Izinkinga ezifanayo zithinta ukusebenza kahle kwansuku zonke: ukuthola isiphakamiso sakamuva noma umbiko wakamuva wehhovisi lekhasimende kumosha isikhathi ebesingasetshenziselwa ukwelulekwa kwangempela.
Isoftware Isisekela Kanjani Isiteji Ngasinye
Isofthiwe yokwelulekwa ngokwezikweleti eyakhelwe inhloso ingasekela isigaba ngasinye senqubo ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo yobuchwepheshe bomeluleki. Umgomo uwukwenza idatha yakhiwe, ilandeleke, futhi ingaguquki.
Esigabeni se-bureau, isofthiwe engenisa futhi ecubungula idatha yombiko wesikweletu—kungaba ivela ku-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, noma abanye abahlinzeki—iguqula okukhiphayo kwe-PDF kube izinkambu eziseshekayo, ezifanayo. Ama-akhawunti, amabhalansi, izitolimende, namaphrofayela okukhokha angafingqwa futhi aqhathaniswe kuyo yonke imibiko kanye nesikhathi. Umeluleki usahumusha imininingwane futhi enze izinqumo; isistimu iqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo esifanayo siyasetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuthi inguqulo yombiko esetshenziselwa isinqumo ngasinye iyagcinwa futhi igxivizwe isikhathi.
Izibalo zokufinyeleleka ezixhunywe kudatha ye-bureau ehlelekile efanayosusa ukunqamula phakathi “komthombo” kanye “nesipredishithi.” Uma izibopho eziphelele zitholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuma-akhawunti athathwe embikweni, isixhumanisi sisobala. Uma imali engenayo nezindleko kufakwa efayeleni lecala elimaphakathi futhi imali enqwabelene ibalwa ngesistimu, indlela yokusebenza iyahambisana futhi izibalo zingalandelelwa emuva kudatha ewumsuka. Lokho akususi isidingo sokwahlulela kochwepheshe mayelana nezindleko ezinengqondo noma ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo; it ensures that the judgement is applied within a clear, repeatable framework.
Amafayela amacala amaphakathi athatha indawo yamadokhumenti ahlakazekile. Zonke izincwadi, iziphakamiso, izimpendulo zabakweletwayo, kanye nemibhalo yasenkantolo noma yesigcawu singagcinwa endaweni eyodwa, ngokulandelana okucacile kanye nencazelo. Uma i-NCR noma umcwaningi mabhuku ecela ifayela, umkhuba ungaveza iphakheji ehambisanayo: ukuthatha, Ifomu 16, imibiko yehhovisi, ukuhlolwa, isiphakamiso, izimpendulo, ukuhleleka, kanye nokugunyazwa. Izindlela zokuhlola ezifakwe isitembu sesikhathi zibonisa ukuthi ubani obuke noma osebenzise imuphi umbiko, ukuthi izibalo zenziwa nini, nokuthi umphumela warekhodwa kanjani. Amathuluzi amahle awathembisi ukuqeda ingozi yokuthobela; benza kube lula ukukhombisa ukuthi inqubo ilandelwe nokuthi izinqumo zisekelwe kudatha efanele.
Amafemu ahlola isofthiwe yokwelulekwa ngezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika kufanele abheke lawa makhono: idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile, ingqondo yokukhokha imali eboshelwe emibikweni yomthombo, ukuphathwa kwecala okumaphakathi, kanye nemikhondo yokuhlola esekela ukubuyekezwa kwe-NCR. Isofthiwe kufanele isekele ukuhamba komsebenzi komeluleki kuzo zonke izigaba kusukela ekuthathweni kuya ekuvunyelweni, hhayi nje ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
Ukwakha Okuphindaphindekayo,Ukuhamba komsebenzi okuhambisanayo
Ukungaguquguquki kuwo wonke amacala yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu ngabalawuli nabacwaningi mabhuku. Lapho ifayela ngalinye lilandela inqubo efanayo ehlelekile—ukungenisa, Ifomu 16, ukudonsa nokuhlaziya ihhovisi, ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka, isiphakamiso, ukuxoxisana, ukuhleleka, ukuqapha, imvume—indlela yokusebenza iyabonakala futhi iyavikeleka. Izindlela ze-Ad hoc, ngokuphambene, zikhiqiza amafayela ahlukile ngefomethi, ukujula, nokulandeleka. Icala elilodwa lingase libe nesixhumanisi esicacile esivela embikweni wehhovisi kuya esiphakamisweni; omunye angase athembele kumanothi angenakuqinisekiswa. Lokho kungahambisani kudala ingozi yokuthobela futhi kwenza kube nzima ukukala.
Ukugeleza komsebenzi okuphindaphindayo akusho ukususa ukwahlulela kochwepheshe. Kusho ukusebenzisa leso sahlulelo ngaphakathi kohlaka oluchaziwe: kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezifanayo zamadokhumenti, kusetshenziswa imithombo yedatha efanayo, kanye nokuhlola okunengqondo okufanayo kuxhumanisa nesiphakamiso. Amalungu eqembu amasha angafakwa endleleni eyodwa yokusebenza. Ukunikezwa kuhlanzekile ngoba ukwakheka kwefayela lecala kuyabikezelwa. Uma i-NCR ibuyekeza lo mkhuba, ibona indlela yokuziphatha engachazwa futhi iboniswe, hhayi iqoqo lezindlela ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye.
Amafemu afinyelela lokhu angakhula ngokuzethemba. Ukwengeza izimo eziningi akudingi ukusungula izinqubo ezintsha noma unethemba lokuthi wonke umuntu uzokhumbula izinyathelo ezifanele. Uhlelo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lusekelwe ephepheni futhi luqondiswa kakhulu noma lusekelwa isofthiwe—luphoqelela noma luqondise ukulandelana. Umphumela uba amaphutha okuphatha ambalwa, impendulo yocwaningomabhuku esheshayo, kanye nomkhuba owakhelwe ukuhambisana nesikali.
Thuthukisa ukugeleza komsebenzi kokubuyekezwa kwesikweletu sakho
Inqubo yokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu ngaphansi kwe-NCA iokudingayo: izigaba eziningi, izidingo eziqinile zamadokhumenti, nesidingo sokubonisa indlela yokusebenza lapho i-NCR ibuyekeza amafayela. Izinqubo ezenziwa ngezandla namathuluzi ajwayelekile ngokuvamile ashiya abeluleki behlanganisa ama-PDF, amaspredishithi, namadokhumenti ahlakazekile esikhundleni sokugxila kumakhasimende. Ukugeleza komsebenzi okucacile, kwesinyathelo nesinyathelo okusekelwa idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile nokubala okuzenzakalelayo kunganciphisa lowo mthwalo futhi kuthuthukise ukulungela ukuhlola.
I-EvalFin ihlinzeka ngesofthiwe yokwelulekwa ngezikweletu eyenzelwe inqubo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Idatha ehleliwe yekhredithi evela kuma-bureau amakhulu, izibalo zokukwazi ukuthengeka okuxhunywe nemibiko yomthombo, amafayela wamacala aphakathi nendawo, kanye nemizila yokuhlola efakwe isitembu sesikhathi isekela zonke izigaba zokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu kusukela ekuthathweni kuya ekukhishweni. Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile nokugeleza komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo kungasekela kanjani ukwenza kwakho, thintana ukuhlela idemo.