Izidingo Zokulawula Ababolekisi AbaNCAne

Ababolekisi abaNCAne eNingizimu Afrika basebenza ngaphansi kohlaka lokulawula olufanayo nabanikezeli bezikweletu abakhulu. Umthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu (i-NCA) kanye NoMlawuli Kazwelonke Wezikweletu (NCR) zisebenzisa izimfuneko ezifanayo zokukwazi ukukhokhela, imibhalo, kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyibhange noma umnikezi wesikweletu omncane obhalisiwe. Umehluko uyasebenza: ababolekisi abancane ngokuvamile banamaqembu amancane, amamajini aqinile, futhi awekho umnyango ozinikele wokuthobela. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokulawula akuwona nje umsebenzi wokumaka ibhokisi; kuyinselelo yangempela yokusebenza ethinta indlela ozihlola ngayo izinhlelo zokusebenza, ubeka izintengo, futhi ulungiselele ukuhlolwa. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa izidingo zokulawula ababolekisi abancane eNingizimu Afrika ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthotshelweni kwansuku zonke: Izigaba zokubhaliswa kwe-NCR, izibopho ze-NCA ezishaya kakhulu abahlinzeki abancane, izilinganiso zenzalo nezinkokhelo, kanye negebe phakathi kokwazi imithetho nokuyisebenzisa.

Izigaba Zokubhaliswa Kwe-NCR Zababolekisi Abancane

Ngaphambi kokwelula isikweletu, kufanele ubhalise kwa-NCR. Isigaba sama-40 soMthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweleti siyabanqabela abahlinzeki bezikweletu ukuthi bangene ezivumelwaneni zezikweletu ngaphandle uma bebhalisiwe. Akukho ukukhululwa kubabolekisi abancane noma imisebenzi yezinga elincane; isango elifanayo lisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu.

Abahlinzeki bezikweletu bahlukaniswa ngokuthi usayizi webhuku lemalimboleko. Isigaba A sisebenza ezincwadini ezibolekiwe ezedlula izigidi ezingama-R500; Umkhakha B uhlanganisa izigidi eziyi-R100 kuya ku-R500 wezigidi; Isigaba C sihlanganisa u-R10 million kuya ku-R100 million; futhi Isigaba D sihlanganisa izincwadi zokubolekwa imali ezingaphansi kwezigidi eziyi-R10. Iningi lababolekisi abancane liwela esigabeni C noma D. Isigaba sinquma unyaka wakhoizimali zokubhalisa kanye nemikhawulo ethile yokubika, kodwa akunciphisi izibopho zakho ezinkulu. Zonke izigaba kufanele zibonise isimo somuntu esifanele nesifanele, ingqalasizinda yokuthobela imithetho, nezinhlelo ezanele zokugcina amarekhodi. I-NCR ilindele ubufakazi bokuthi uyaziqonda izibopho zakho ngaphansi Umthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke nokuthi unezinhlelo ezikhona zokuhlangabezana nazo.

Izibopho eziqhubekayo ziyasebenza ngemva kokubhalisa. Kufanele uvuselele njalo ngonyaka, ukhokhe izinkokhelo, uhambise izimbuyiselo zezibalo, futhi ugcine ingqalasizinda yokuthobelana ozibophezele kuyo lapho kubhaliswa. I-NCR ingacwaninga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi izolindela ukuthi imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ifane nalokho okushilo. Ukuthola incazelo egcwele yenqubo yesicelo, imibhalo, nemisebenzi eqhubekayo, bheka Umhlahlandlela wezidingo zokubhaliswa kwe-NCR.

Izidingo ze-NCA Ezishaya Kakhulu Ababolekisi Abancane

I-NCA ibeka imisebenzi efanayo kubo bonke abahlinzeki bezikweletu. Kubabolekisi abancane abanabasebenzi abalinganiselwe, lezi zindawo ezilandelayo zidala ingcindezi enkulu: ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka, umkhawulo wenzalo nezinkokhelo, ubungozi bokubolekisa budedengu, nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi.

Ukuhlola Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela (Isigaba 81)

Isigaba 81 sidinga ukuthi ngaphambi kokungena esivumelwaneni sesikweletu, uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola izindlela zezimali ezikhona zomthengi, amathemba, kanye nezibopho, kanye nokuqonda kwabo ubungozi nezindleko zekhredithi ehlongozwayo. Kufanele usekele ukuhlola olwazini olutholakalayo kuwe, kuhlanganisa nolwazi oluvela kwabe-credit bureau. Empeleni, lokho kusho ukuqinisekisa imali engenayo, ukubuyekeza idatha ye-bureau evela ku-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, noma amanye ama-bureau, nokunquma ukuthi isiphakamiso esihlongozwayoisitolimende siyathengeka kanye nesikweletu esikhona. Ukuhlola kufanele kube kubhalwe. Asikho isinqamuleli sababolekisi abancane; I-NCR ilindele izinga elifanayo ukuthi imalimboleko ingu-R5,000 noma u-R500,000. Amathuluzi akha idatha yehhovisi futhi amise izibalo zokukwazi ukuthengeka asiza amaqembu amancane ukuthi asebenzise Isigaba 81 ngokungaguquki. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okugxilile kokuthi ababolekisi abancane bangayenza kanjani le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo, bona isofthiwe yokuhlola izikweletu eziNCAne ezibolekisa ngemali eNingizimu Afrika.

Ukuboleka Budedengu (Isigaba 80)

Isigaba 80 sichaza isikweletu esinganaki. Isikweletu siwubudedengu uma wehlulekile ukwenza ukuhlola okufanele (Isigaba 80(1)(a)), noma uma ungene esivumelwaneni naphezu kokwazi noma unesizathu sokwazi ukuthi umthengi ubengaziqondi ubungozi noma ubevele enezikweletu ngokweqile (Isigaba 80(1)(b)). Isixhumanisi seSigaba 81 siqondile: ukuhlolwa okufanelekile, okubhaliwe kokukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukhokhela ukuzivikela kwakho ekutholeni imali ebolekisayo budedengu. Uma unikeza isikweletu ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela, noma unikeza lapho ukuhlola kwakho kukhombisa ukuthi unezikweletu ezidlulele, uzifaka engcupheni yokuchithwa kwezivumelwano, izinhlawulo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphoqelela. Ababolekisi abancane abakwazi ukuthembela kokuthi “sibancane” ukuze bathethelele izinqubo ezibuthakathaka; I-NCR isebenzisa izinga elifanayo.

Inzalo Nezinkokhelo Zemali (Isigaba 105)

Isigaba se-105 se-NCA sinikeza uNgqongqoshe amandla okunquma amazinga aphezulu enzalo kanye nezindleko ezinkulu kanye nezindleko zezigaba ezahlukene zezivumelwano zezikweletu. Izilinganiso ezinqunyiwe zibekwe emithethweni futhi ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo lomkhiqizo. Ikhredithi yesikhathi esifushane (isb. imalimboleko yesitayela sokukhokha) ikhonjelwe emalini aphansi anyanga zonke (isb. u-5% ngenyanga emalinimboleko yokuqalaunyaka wekhalenda kanye no-3% ngenyanga emalini ebolekiwe elandelayo ngalowo nyaka). Ikhredithi engavikelekile kanye nekhredithi yentuthuko inezikhawu zazo zonyaka ezinqunyiwe. Izimali zokuqalisa, izimali zesevisi, nezinye izinkokhiso nazo zilinganiselwe; imithethonqubo icacisa amanani aphezulu noma amafomula (isb. iphesenti likathishanhloko noma iRandi lemali). Ukushaja ngaphezu komkhawulo obekiwe kungenza isivumelwano sibe ngaphansi kokubuyekezwa futhi kungakuveza esenzweni se-NCR. Ababolekisi abancane abanikeza imali ebolekiwe yesikhashana noma engavikelekile kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi amanani abo—inzalo kanye nazo zonke izinkokhelo—ziwela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo enqunyiwe yalolo hlobo lwesivumelwano. Izibalo eziqondile zisethwe kumithethonqubo futhi zibuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile; Isizindalwazi se-NCR kanye neGazethi Kahulumeni yimithombo enegunya.

Ukugcinwa kwerekhodi

I-NCA kanye ne-NCR balindele ukuthi ugcine amarekhodi ezivumelwano zezikweletu, ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela, kanye nemibhalo ehlobene nezikhathi ezinqunyiwe. Lapho i-NCR icwaninga noma iphenya isikhalazo, izocela ukubona ukuthi isinqumo senziwe kanjani: yimuphi umbiko we-bureau osetshenzisiwe, yiziphi izibalo ezenziwe, nokuthi kungani isikweletu sanikezwa noma sanqatshwa. Ama-PDF ahlakazekile namaspredishithi enza kube nzima ukukhiqiza lobo bufakazi ngokushesha nangokuhambisana. Ababolekisi abancane abakha ukugeleza komsebenzi okuhlelekile futhi izindlela zokucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwinqubo yabo banciphisa ubungozi bokuhlolwa kanye nengcindezi.

Ifa le-MFSA kanye Nokuvela Komthethonqubo

Ababolekisi abancane eNingizimu Afrika bebengalawulwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphansi kwesambulela esifanayo namabhange kanye nabanikezeli bezikweletu abakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthi i-NCA iqale ukusebenza ngoJuni 2007, imboni yayisebenza ngaphansi kolunye uhloboi-patchwork: Umthetho We-Usury, ukukhululwa kwezinye izikweletu ezincane, kanye nezinhlangano zezimboni ezifana ne-Micro Finance South Africa (MFSA). I-MFSA imele ababolekisi abancane kanye namazinga athuthukisiwe kanye nokuzilawula. Ngenkathi i-NCA isetshenziswa, ababolekisi abancane bangeniswa ngaphansi kohlaka olusemthethweni olufanayo nabanye abahlinzeki bezikweletu. Ukubhalisa ne-NCR kwaba yimpoqo; ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela, ukudalula, kanye nenani lemali elilinganiselwe elisetshenziswa kubabolekisi abancane ngendlela efanayo nakwabanye abahlinzeki. Ukushintsha ukusuka endaweni ehlukile, ezilawula ngokwengxenye ukuya ekufakweni okuphelele kwe-NCA kwandise umthwalo wokuthobela kodwa futhi kwalinganisa inkundla futhi kwacacisa imithetho. Namuhla, asikho isigaba esihlukile sokubhalisa “sokubolekisa ngemali encane”; ubhalisa njengomhlinzeki wesikweletu futhi uhlukaniswa ngosayizi webhuku lemalimboleko. Ukuqonda lo mlando kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani isimo sokulawula sababolekisi abancane namuhla sihambisana nayo yonke imboni nokuthi kungani ingqalasizinda yokuthobela imithetho ingaxoxiswana.

Izinga Lenzalo kanye Nezinkokhiso Ezilinganiselwe Kokusebenza

Isigaba 105 kanye nemithethonqubo eyenziwe ngaphansi kwaso ibeka amanani enzalo aphezulu kanye nezimali ezikhokhwayo ngohlobo lwesivumelwano sesikweletu. Izigaba zihlanganisa izivumelwano zokubolekwa kwezindlu, izinsiza zezikweletu, ukuthengiselana ngezikweletu okungavikelekile, izivumelwano zezikweletu ezithuthukisayo, ukuthengiselana kwesikhashana, nokunye. Ngayinye inesakhiwo sayo sekhephu (isb. ngonyaka noma ngenyanga). Izimali ezikhokhwayo ezifana nemali yokuqalisa kanye nezimali zesevisi zinqunyiwe ngokufanayo; isibonelo, imali yokuqalisa ingase ihlanganiswe njengephesenti lesamba semali eyinhloko noma njengesilinganiso seRandi, futhi izimali zesevisi zanyanga zonke zingase zibe ngaphansiuphahla. Izinombolo eziqondile zibekwe nguNgqongqoshe emithethweni futhi zingashintsha; kufanele uhlole imithetho yamanje futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amanani omkhiqizo wakho ayahambisana.

Umdwebo kuphela: umbolekisi wesikhathi esifushane angase akhokhise umkhawulo ongu-5% ngenyanga emalini ebolekiwe yokuqala onyakeni wekhalenda kanye no-3% ngenyanga emalini ebolekiwe elandelayo ngalowo nyaka, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkokhelo ezivunyelwe zokuqalisa kanye nesevisi ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe. Umbolekisi wesikhathi esingavikelekile uzoboshwa inani elinqunyiwe lonyaka lesikweletu esingavikelekile kanye nenani lemali elilinganiselwe. Ukweqa isilinganiso esiphezulu esinqunyiwe kungaholela ekutheni isivumelwano simenyezelwe ngokunganaki noma esingekho emthethweni ngokwengxenye, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-NCR. Ababolekisi abancane kufanele bakhe amasheke entengo ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yabo kanye nokuhambisana okuqhubekayo ukuze amanani nezinkokhelo zingalokothi zephule izilinganiso.

Izinselelo Ezisebenzayo Zokulawula Kwababolekisi Abancane

Ukwazi imithetho kuyinto eyodwa; ukuzisebenzisa kungenye into. Ababolekisi abancane bavame ukulwa nezindawo ezintathu: imibhalo, ukulungela ukucwaninga kwamabhuku, kanye nendlela yokusebenza engashintshi.

Ukubhalwa phansi kusho ukuthi konke ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela kubhalwa ngendlela ebonisa ukuthi iyiphi idatha esetshenzisiwe, yahunyushwa kanjani, nokuthi kungani isinqumo senziwe. Lapho abahloli besebenza kuma-PDF ehhovisi kanye nohlu lokuhlola ingqondo, lowo mkhondo awunamandla noma awukho. Ukubuka kokuhlola okusezingeni kanye nezikrini zezinqumo ezithwebula izizathu lapho kwenziwa isinqumo zithuthukisa amadokhumenti ngaphandle kokwengeza inqubo enzima.

Ukulungela ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kusho ukuthi uma i-NCR noma umcwaningi mabhuku ecela ifayela, ungaveza umbiko we-bureau, ukubala ukukwazi ukukhokhela izindleko, kanye nesinqumo.rekhoda ngokushesha futhi endaweni eyodwa. Uma imibiko ikufolda eyodwa, amanothi kwenye, nezinqumo ku-CRM noma i-imeyili, ukuhlanganiswa kuhamba kancane futhi akuphelele. Amasistimu axhumanisa ukudonsa kwe-bureau, izibalo, kanye nezinqumo kumzila owodwa wokucwaninga zenza izimpendulo zocwaningo zisheshe futhi zivikeleke.

Indlela yokusebenza engaguquki isho ukuthi abafakizicelo abafanayo bahlolwa kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo nesakhiwo esifanayo. Lapho umhloli ngamunye esebenzisa izilinganiso ezihluke kancane noma efunda imibiko yehhovisi ngokuhlukile, imiphumela iyahlukahluka futhi kuba nzima ukukhombisa inqubo enobulungiswa, ehlelekile. Ukuchaza imibandela kanye nokwethula idatha ye-bureau ngendlela efanayo kusekela ukungaguquguquki futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela enganaki noma ebandlululayo. Ukuze uthole ukubuka konke kokuthi isofthiwe yokuhlola ikhredithi ingasekela kanjani le migomo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabahlinzeki, bona umhlahlandlela wesoftware wokuhlola izikweletu waseNingizimu Afrika.

Lokhu Kuthinta Bani

Lo mhlahlandlela uhloselwe ababolekisi abancane ababhaliswe ku-NCR, abanikezeli bezikweletu abancane, kanye nababolekisi abasafufusa abanikeza izikweletu zabathengi eNingizimu Afrika. Uma ubhalisiwe njengomhlinzeki wesikweletu (ngokuvamile eSigabeni C noma D) futhi unikeza imali mboleko yesikhashana, imalimboleko yomuntu siqu engavikelekile, noma imikhiqizo efanayo, ungaphansi kwezimfuneko ezifanayo ze-NCA ne-NCR ezichazwe lapha. Alikho izinga elincishisiwe elithi “micro” noma “elincane”; umlawuli ulindele ingqalasizinda yokuthobela efanayo, imibhalo, kanye nokubambelela kuma-caps. Ukwakha lokho ekusebenzeni kwakho kusukela ekuqaleni kunciphisa ubungozi futhi kukubeke esikhaleni ngaphandle kwesikweletu sokuthobela imithetho.

Funda Ukuthi Usebenza Kanjani Ukuthobela

Izidingo zokulawula ababolekisi abancane eNingizimu Afrikazicacile emthethweni kodwa zifuna ngenkani. Ukubhaliswa kwe-NCR, ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela iSigaba 81, iSigaba 80 sokuvikela ukuboleka budedengu, iSigaba 105 senzalo nemali ekhokhwayo, kanye nezibopho zokugcina amarekhodi zisebenza kubo bonke abanikezeli bezikweletu. Inselelo yababolekisi abancane ukuhlangana nabo namaqembu amancane kanye namamajini aqinile. Izinqubo ezihleliwe—idatha yehhovisi endaweni eyodwa, ukuhlola okujwayelekile, nemikhondo yokuhlola eyakhelwe ngaphakathi—iguqula ukuthobelana kube umphumela wendlela osebenza ngayo esikhundleni sokuphikisana ngomzuzu wokugcina. Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwekhredithi okuhlelekile kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi okulungele ukuhlolwa kungawusekela kanjani umsebenzi wakho wokubolekisa ngemali encane, thintana. Singakukhombisa ukuthi idatha ye-bureau, izibalo zokukwazi ukuthengeka, kanye nemibhalo yezinqumo kuhlangana kanjani ukuze kuthotshelwe umthetho okulungele i-NCR.