Credit Inquiry Records South Africa | Okuqinile vs Okuthambile
Qonda amarekhodi emibuzo yezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika. Funda ukuthi imibuzo enzima nethambile ihluka kanjani, ukuthi iwathinta kanjani amaphuzu, nokuthi isho ukuthini kochwepheshe.
Amarekhodi ophenyo lwezikweletu avela kuwo wonke umbiko wezikweletu waseNingizimu Afrika, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi bayakuthola kunzima ukuwatolika. Abeluleki ngezikweletu babona uhlu olude lwamagama namadethi ababhalisi bese bezibuza ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile ngesikolo sekhasimende noma ngokuchaza ukwehla. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu babona okwabo umbiko embikweni futhi abaqiniseki ukuthi izicelo eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane zibukwa kanjani abanye ababolekisi noma amagoli esikweletu amamodeli. Umehluko phakathi kwemibuzo enzima nethambile awuvamisile ukuchazwa ngamagama alula, nakuba uthinta indlela idatha yophenyo ethinta ngayo amaphuzu ezingozi nokuthi odokotela kufanele bafunde futhi bachaze isigaba sombuzo. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi amarekhodi emibuzo yezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika ameleni, ukuthi imibuzo enzima nethambile ihluke kanjani, ingena kanjani ekutholeni amaphuzu nezinqumo, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa idatha yophenyo ekusebenzeni. Ukuze uthole ukubuka konke okuhlelekile kwezigaba zombiko okuhlanganisa nemibuzo, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu kokuthi ufundwa kanjani umbiko wezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika.
Ayini Amarekhodi Wombuzo Wezikweletu Empeleni
Njalo uma obhalisile efinyelela ifayela lesikweletu lomthengi ehhovisi, lokho kufinyelela kuqoshwa njengombuzo. Umbiko ubala ukuthi ubani ofinyelele ifayela, nini, futhi kaningi ngaluphi uhlobo lwenhloso (isb. isicelo sekhredithi, ukubuyekezwa kwe-akhawunti, ukuhlola kusengaphambili). ENingizimu Afrika, ihhovisi elikhulu—i-Experian, i-TransUnion, i-Datanamix, i-XDS, ne-Compuscan—bonke bagcina umlando wemibuzo futhi bawuveze engxenyeni yophenyo noma “yokufinyelela ifayela” yombiko. Umthengi ofanayo angaba nezinhlu zemibuzo ezehlukene kuma-bureau ahlukene ngoba i-bureau ngayinye irekhoda kuphela ukufinyelela kudatha yayo. Ukudonsa eTransUnion akukwenzidala uphenyo ku-Experian; ukudonsa ku-Datanamix akuveli embikweni we-XDS. Kubasebenzi bekhredithi abasuka ku-amahhovisi amaningi, lokho kusho ukuthi isithombe esiphelele sombuzo singase sidinge ukuthi kubhekwe umbiko ongaphezu kowodwa.
Amarekhodi ophenyo awawona ama-akhawunti. Ababonisi ibhalansi noma indlela yokukhokha. Zibonisa ukuthi obhalisele igama (ibhange, umthengisi, umbolekisi omNCAne, noma omunye umsebenzisi obhaliswe ku-NCR) ucele ulwazi lomthengi ngedethi ethile. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile: uphenyo lubonisa inzalo noma isenzo somuntu wesithathu, akusho ukuthi umthengi ufake isicelo noma wathola isikweletu. Imititilizo egunyazwe kusengaphambili, ukubuyekezwa kwama-akhawunti, kanye nesicelo somthengi sekhophi yombiko wabo nakho kudala imibuzo, kodwa ngokuvamile ziphathwa ngendlela ehlukile emibuzweni ehlobene nezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amahhovisi nababolekisi betolika idatha.
Imibuzo Enzima vs Ethambile: Umehluko Ongokoqobo
Imibuzo enzima (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi “isicelo” noma imibuzo “yokufuna isikweletu”) yenziwa lapho ifayela lesikweletu lomthengi lifinyelelwa mayelana nesicelo sekhredithi. Umthengi ngokuvamile uqalise noma uvumele isicelo—isb. ufake isicelo sokubolekwa imali yomuntu siqu kwa-FNB, ikhadi lasesitolo kumdayisi, noma imali yemoto nge-WesBank. Obhalisile udonsa umbiko ukuze ahlole uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi lokho kudonsa kuyarekhodwa. Imibuzo enzima iyona evame ukunakwa amamodeli ashaya amagoli eNingizimu Afrika. Imibuzo eminingi enzima ngesikhathi esifushane ingabonisa ukuthi umthengi ufuna isikweletu ngenkuthalo, amanye amamodeli asithatha njengenkomba yobungozi obukhulu (isb.kungenzeka ukunwetshwa ngokweqile noma ukuthenga izinsiza eziningi). Baphinde bashiye umkhondo obonakalayo: abanye ababolekisi nabeluleki bezikweletu bayabona ukuthi u-ABSA, Nedbank, noma umbolekisi omncane osanda kukhipha ifayela. Kubeluleki ngezikweletu, iqoqo lemibuzo enzima lingase libuze imibuzo mayelana nezicelo zakamuva iklayenti elingakazidalulanga noma mayelana nezicelo eziyimpinda ezingabonisa ukukhwabanisa noma ukudideka.
Imibuzo ethambile yenziwa uma ifayela lifinyelelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingezona isicelo esisha sekhredithi. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa umthengi ocela umbiko wakhe (isb. ehhovisi noma ngokusebenzisa inkundla), umhlinzeki wesikweletu owenza ukubuyekezwa kwe-akhawunti ngezikhathi ezithile ekhasimendeni elikhona, noma umbolekisi osebenzisa ukunikezwa okugunyazwe kusengaphambili noma uhlu lokuhlola ngaphambilini. Imibuzo ethambile ayivamisile ukuthinta amaphuzu esikweletu eNingizimu Afrika, futhi ngokuvamile ayibonakali kwabanye ababhalisile—kubathengi kuphela uma bebuka owabo umbiko. Ngokombono wochwepheshe, lapho uhlaziya umbiko egameni leklayenti noma ukuhlola, imibuzo ethambile oyibonayo (uma ikhona) ayihambisani nengozi namandla kunemibuzo enzima. Ukugxila okungokoqobo kufanele kube ekubalweni kwemibuzo enzima, okwakamuva, nokusabalala kubo bonke ababhalisile.
Izakhiwo zombiko wehhovisi azihlali zilebula imibuzo ngokusobala njengokuthi “nzima” noma “thambile.” Eminye imibiko isebenzisa amakhodi enhloso noma uhlobo lwababhalisile; abanye babala yonke imibuzo ebhulokhini elilodwa. Abasebenzi kufanele bahlole inganekwane noma ukhiye wombiko othile wehhovisi abawusebenzisayo (i-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, njll.) ukuze bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi yikuphi okufakiwe okukhona.okuhlobene nesicelo futhi okungahlobene. Ukungalufundi kahle uhlu kungaholela ekubaleni okungaphezu kwemibuzo engawuthinti umphumela noma ephuthelwe yiphethini yezinhlelo zokusebenza zakamuva ezinawo.
Kungani Amarekhodi Ophenyo Engaqondwa Kahle
Amarekhodi ophenyo angesinye sezigaba ezingachazwanga kakhulu zombiko wezikweletu. I-Bureaux ihlinzeka ngedatha kodwa ayivamisile ukuchaza embikweni ngokwawo ukuthi kusho ukuthini okunzima nokuthambile, ukuthi ziwuthinta kanjani umphumela, noma ukuthi mingaki imibuzo enzima yakamuva “eminingi kakhulu.” Ochwepheshe bezikweletu bashiywe ukuthi bacabangele kokuhlangenwe nakho noma ekuqeqeshweni okusabalele. Abeluleki bezikweletu bangase babone umbiko weklayenti nemibuzo embalwa yakamuva futhi bakhathazeke ngomthelela kumphumela ngaphandle komgomo ocacile wesithupha. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu bangase bacabange ukuthi yonke imibuzo ayilungile uma imibuzo ethambile kanye nemibuzo enzima (isb. ukuthenga amanani emalimboleko eyodwa ngaphakathi kwewindi elifushane) ingase iphathwe ngobumnene ngamamodeli afaka amagoli. Ukushoda kwendinganiso eyodwa, yomphakathi yokuthi imibuzo yezinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika ngesisindo kumamodeli azo ingeza kanjani ukudideka. Imodeli yehhovisi ngalinye ingeyobunikazi; okwaziwayo ukuthi imibuzo enzima iwukufaka nokuthi ukuqoqwa kwemibuzo enzima ngesikhathi esifushane kuvame ukuba yingozi.
Amaklayenti nawo awaqondi kahle. Uma umthengi enqatshwa futhi ebona “imibuzo eminingi yakamuva” njengesizathu, bangase bangazi ukuthi ukwehla kubhekise emibuzweni enzima ehlobene nezicelo, hhayi esicelweni sakhe sombiko noma kubathumeli be-imeyili abagunyazwe kusengaphambili. Ochwepheshe abakwazi ukuchaza umehluko ngokucacile babekwe kangcono ukuphatha okulindelwe kanye nokwelulekaamaklayenti ukuthi azigweme nini ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza uma ezama ukuthuthukisa iphrofayili yawo.
Ukuthi Idatha Yophenyo Ingena Kanjani Emalini Yesikweletu
Izikolo zezikweletu zaseNingizimu Afrika ziqondene ngqo ne-bureau. I-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, nezinye zisebenzisa amamodeli nedatha yazo. Idatha yophenyo ingenye yezinto ezifakiwe: ngokuvamile imibuzo ethi hard, ayithambile. Isisindo esiqondile kanye logic akushicilelwa, kodwa in practice okwakamuva futhi umthamo ndaba. Umbuzo onzima owodwa osuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule uvame ukuba nomthelela omncane kunemibuzo embalwa enzima enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezintathu ezedlule. Amamodeli wamaphuzu avame ukuphatha ukuqhuma komsebenzi wokufaka isicelo njengophawu lokuthi umthengi angase athathe izikweletu eziningi noma athwale kanzima ukuze agunyazwe futhi azame ababolekisi abaningi. Lokho akusho ukuthi yonke imibuzo enzima “yimbi”—izicelo ziyingxenye evamile yokusetshenziswa kwekhredithi—kodwa iphethini yemibuzo eminingi yakamuva enzima ingadonsela phansi amaphuzu noma iwugcine ungathuthuki.
Kochwepheshe bezikweletu, okushiwo ukuthi idatha yombuzo kufanele ifundwe kanye nawo wonke umbiko. Amaphuzu aphansi noma iphrofayili engasemuva ingase ibe ngenxa yomsebenzi wophenyo; kungase futhi kube ngenxa yokuziphatha kokukhokha, uhlu olubi, noma ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Ukuchaza ukwehla noma amaphuzu kuklayenti noma kumcwaningi wamabhuku kungavikeleka uma ukwazi ukukhomba izici ezithile—kuhlanganise nomlando wophenyo—kunokukhomba amaphuzu wodwa. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okujulile kokuthi izikolo zisebenza kanjani kuwo wonke ama-bureau, bona amagoli esikweletu eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuhambisana Nokuqukethwe Kokulawula
Amarekhodi emibuzo ahlala ezimpambanweni zokusetshenziswa kwedatha nokuvikelwa kwabathengi. Umthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke kanye ne-NCRlawula ukuthi ulwazi lwezikweletu lusetshenziswa kanjani; Umthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu (POPIA) usebenza ekucutshungulweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa nalapho obhalisile efinyelela ifayela lomthengi. Ukufinyelela ngakunye kuwumcimbi wokucubungula futhi kuyarekhodwa ukuze abathengi babone ukuthi ubani obuke ulwazi lwabo. Lokho kubeka izinto ngale kusekela ukuziphendulela futhi kusiza abathengi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma okungalindelekile. Ngokombono wokuthobela, abahlinzeki bezikweletu kanye nabanye ababhalisi kufanele babe nesisekelo esisemthethweni kanye nenjongo echaziwe yokudonsa umbiko. Ukudonsela isicelo umthengi asiqalisile kuqondile; ukudonsa ukuze kuhlolwe ngaphambilini noma ukumaketha kumele kuhambisane nemvume kanye nezidingo ze-POPIA. Amarekhodi emibuzo awasho ngokwawo afakazele noma aphikise ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kodwa ayingxenye yocwaningo locwaningo lokuthi ubani ofinyelele lokho futhi nini.
Kubeluleki bezikweletu nabahlinzeki bezikweletu, iphuzu elingokoqobo ukuthi konke ukudonsa okwenzayo kudala uphenyo kuleyo nhlangano. Uma udonsa iklayenti elifanayo kuma-bureaux amaningi, uzobona igama lakho lobhalisile kumbiko ngamunye waleyo. Lokho kulindelekile. Okubalulekile ukuthi ukudonsa kwenziwa ngezinhloso zokuhlola ezisemthethweni, ezibhalwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zakho kanye nalokho okulindele yi-NCR, nokuthi lapho uchazela iklayenti ngombiko, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kombuzo wakho kanye nabanye, naphakathi kokuqinile nokuthambile ukuze iklayenti liqonde ukuthi yini ethinta isikolo salo.
Isicelo Esisebenzayo: Isetshenziswa Kanjani Idatha Yombuzo
Abeluleki ngezikweletu kufanele baphathe ingxenye yophenyo njengengxenye yesithombe esigcwele lapho bakha isakhiwo kabusha nomaukuhlola ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile. Iqoqo lemibuzo eqinile yakamuva ingase ibonise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha iklayenti elingakazifaki ohlwini—isb. ikhadi lesitolo noma imali-mboleko encane ethathwe ngemva kokuthatha kokuqala. Lokho kungashintsha ukuchayeka okuphelele nokufinyeleleka. Kungase futhi kubonise ukuthi iklayenti lisafuna isikweletu ngenkathi libuyekeza izikweletu, okungase kudingeke ukuba kukhulunywe ngakho ohlelweni lokwelulekwa. Lapho uchazela iklayenti umbiko, ukuhlukanisa kanzima emibuzweni ethambile kusiza iklayenti ukuthi liqonde ukuthi kungani amaphuzu alo esukile nokuthi kungani angase atshelwe ukuthi agweme izicelo ezintsha phakathi nenqubo. Ukuze uthole indlela yesinyathelo nesinyathelo yokufunda zonke izigaba zombiko, sebenzisa ukufunda umbiko wesikweletu inkomba.
Abahlinzeki bezikweletu basebenzisa idatha yophenyo ngezindlela ezimbili: lapho uhlola isicelo (ukudonsa kwakho kudala umbuzo, futhi ungase ucabangele eminye imibuzo yakamuva njengengxenye yengozi) nalapho uqonda ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakho kuvela kanjani embikweni. Uma udonsa umthengi ofanayo izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane—isb. ngemikhiqizo ehlukene noma iziteshi—leyo mibuzo eminingi izovela embikweni. Abanye ababolekisi bazowubona lowo msebenzi. Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi kufanele ichaze lapho ukudonsa okuningi kufaneleka nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukunqwabelana kwemibuzo okungase kulimaze isikolo somthengi noma isithunzi sakho. Idatha yombuzo iphinde isize ngokukhwabanisa nokuhlolwa kwezicelo eziyimpinda: izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngewindi elifushane kubabolekisi abaningana zingaqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa.
Abadayisi abafanisa abathengi nemikhiqizo ngokuvamile badonsa imibiko ukuze bahlole ukufaneleka. Ukudonsa ngakunye kudala umbuzo. Lapho kungenzeka, ukuhlanganisaukuhlola ukuze ukudonsa okukodwa kusekele ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo eminingi (ngaphakathi kwehhovisi elifanayo) kugwema ukudala amarekhodi emibuzo amaningi kunangesidingo. Lapho bechaza imiphumela kumthengi, abadayisi bangasebenzisa isigaba sombuzo ukuze babonise ukuthi kungani umphumela ungathinteka noma kungani umbolekisi engase akhulume “imibuzo yakamuva” njengesici.
Ngekabani Lokhu
Le ndatshana ingeyabasebenzi bezikweletu baseNingizimu Afrika abasebenza nemibiko yehhovisi futhi badinga ukuhumusha amarekhodi emibuzo ngokucacile: abeluleki bezikweletu ababuyekeza imibiko yamakhasimende kanye nokuchaza abashayeli bamaphuzu; abahlinzeki bezikweletu abaklama inqubomgomo nokuqeqesha abasebenzi ngokuthi imibuzo isho ukuthini ekutholeni amaphuzu nakumthengi; kanye nabathengisi abadonsa imibiko futhi bafuna ukunciphisa imibuzo engadingekile ngenkathi besebenzisa idatha yophenyo ekuhloleni. Kuyafaneleka futhi emaqenjini okuthobela nokucwaningwa kwamabhuku okudingeka aqinisekise ukuthi ukufinyelela kwefayela kufanelekile nokuthi idatha yophenyo ichazwa ngendlela efanele kubathengi nakubalawuli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphuma ehhovisi elilodwa noma eziningana, ukuqonda imibuzo enzima uma iqhathaniswa nethambile nokuthi ivela kanjani embikweni kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuhlaziya kwakho kanye nokucaca kweklayenti lakho nokuxhumana kocwaningo.
Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo
Amarekhodi emibuzo yezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika akhona kuwo wonke umbiko kodwa avame ukuchazwa kabi. Imibuzo enzima—ehambisana nezicelo zekhredithi—yiyo evame ukuba nomthelela ekutholeni amaphuzu futhi ebonwa ngabanye ababhalisile; imibuzo ethambile, njengesicelo somthengi siqu noma ukubuyekezwa kwe-akhawunti, ngokuvamile ayikwenzi lokho. Abeluleki ngezikweletu, ababolekisi, nabadayisi abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo futhi bafunde uphenyoingxenye ehlelekile ibekwe kangcono ukuze ihlole ubungozi, ichaze imiphumela, futhi igweme ukunqwabelana kwemibuzo engadingekile. Idatha yombuzo kufanele ifundwe kanye nama-akhawunti, indlela yokukhokha, nezinhlu ezingezinhle, hhayi zodwa. Ukuze uthole indlela ehlelekile yombiko ogcwele, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu ku- ufundwa kanjani umbiko wezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika. Uma ungathanda ukubona ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kombiko wesikweletu okuhlelekile kungakushintsha kanjani ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi kwenze idatha yombuzo nezinye izigaba zehhovisi zisebenze ngokungaguquki, thintana.