Amaphuzu Ezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika

Amaphuzu esikweletu awukufaka okujwayelekile kwabeluleki bezikweletu, abadayisi bezikweletu, nabahlinzeki bezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika—kodwa awamiswanga. I-bureau ngayinye ibala amaphuzu ayo isebenzisa amamodeli obunikazi, futhi umthengi ofanayo angathola amaphuzu ahlukene kuma-bureau ahlukene. Kochwepheshe bezikweletu, lokho kusho ukuthi amaphuzu owodwa avela ehhovisi elilodwa isithombe esingaphelele. Ukuqonda ukuthi amaphuzu esikweletu asebenza kanjani kuwo wonke ama-bureau amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika, yini eqhuba amaphuzu, nokuthi angena kanjani ekuthengeni kanye nokuthobela i-NCA kusiza odokotela ukuthi basebenzise amaphuzu ngendlela efanele futhi bagweme ukuthembela ngokweqile enombolweni eyodwa. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi izikolo zenziwa kanjani, yini ezithonyayo, kungani idatha yamahhovisi amaningi ibalulekile, nokuthi ukuhlaziya okuhlelekile kuguqula kanjani imiphumela yamahhovisi amaningi ibe umbono ongaguquki, ofundekayo.

Amaphuzu Esikweletu eNingizimu Afrika: Alikho Izinga Elilodwa

INingizimu Afrika ayinaso isikolodo esisodwa, esisezingeni kuzwelonke. I-National Credit Regulator yengamela ama-credit bureaux abhalisiwe, kodwa i-bureau ngayinye ithuthukisa futhi igcine amamodeli ayo okushaya amaphuzu. I-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix (kuhlanganise neCompuscan), kanye ne-XDS ngayinye ikhiqiza amaphuzu engcuphe noma izinkomba ezifingqa ukufaneleka kwekhredithi—kodwa indlela yokwenza, isikali, kanye nokokufakayo kuyehluka kuye nge-bureau. Umthengi angase aphawule “okuhle” kwelinye ihhovisi futhi “isilinganiso” kwenye ngoba nje amamodeli namasethi edatha akufani. Kochwepheshe bezikweletu, incazelo icacile: awukwazi ukuphatha amaphuzu avela ku-bureau eyodwa njengesilinganiso esiqondile sobungozi, futhi awukwazi ukuqhathanisa amaphuzu asuka ku-Experian ngokuqondile nasuka e-TransUnion.Imithetho yenqubomgomo nezinqumo kufanele yakhelwe kudatha ewumsuka—ukuchayeka, ukuziphatha kokukhokha, ukufakwa ohlwini okungalungile—futhi isetshenziswe ngokungaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-bureau enikeze umbiko. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi wokuthi amahhovisi ahluka kanjani, bheka i-Ukuqhathanisa nehhovisi lezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika yethu.

Ihluke Kanjani I-Bureox Yakha Izikolo

I-bureau enkulu ngayinye eNingizimu Afrika isebenzisa amamodeli okuphathelene ukuze ikhiqize amaphuzu esikweletu noma izinkomba zobungozi. Amafomula aqondile awekho esidlangalaleni, kodwa indlela evamile iyafana: idatha yomlando neyamanje yekhredithi ifakwa kumodeli ekhipha inombolo noma ibhendi okuhloswe ngayo ukubikezela ukuba nokwenzeka kokuzenzakalelayo noma eminye imiphumela emibi.

Isazi

I-Experian ihlinzeka ngamaphuzu ezikweletu kanye nezinkomba zobungozi emibikweni yayo yaseNingizimu Afrika, isebenzisa idatha yezohwebo, umlando wokukhokha, ulwazi olubi, kanye nedatha yophenyo evela kusizindalwazi sayo. Izikolo zilinganisa abathengi ngengozi kodwa ziqondene ngqo nedatha ye-Experian nendlela yokusebenza futhi ayibonisi idatha egcinwe kwamanye amahhovisi kuphela. Ukuze uthole umbiko wokuqukethwe nokuhlaziya, bona Umbiko wezikweletu waseNingizimu Afrika inkomba yethu.

TransUnion

Amaphuzu e-TransUnion’s Empirica asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yokubolekisa ngemali yaseNingizimu Afrika. Isuselwa kudatha ye-TransUnion uqobo futhi isebenzisa isikali nendlela yokusebenza ehlukile kwe-Experian namanye ama-bureau. Kufanele isetshenziswe kanye nedatha yombiko eyisisekelo ukuze amafemu akwazi ukusebenzisa imithetho yawo. Ukuze uthole umbiko wokuqukethwe nokutolikwa, bona Umbiko wezikweletu weTransUnion waseNingizimu Afrika inkomba yethu.

Idathanamix neCompuscan

I-Datanamix (kanye neCompuscan) inikeza izinkomba zobungozi nezinto zokuthola amaphuzu ezigcizelela ukufinyeleleka kanye nedatha ehlukile eceleni kwemigqa yokuhweba evamile, ehambisanaukugeleza komsebenzi okuqhutshwa ukufinyeleleka okusetshenziswa abeluleki bezikweletu nababolekisi abaningi. Izikolo ziqondene ngqo ne-bureau futhi aziqhathanisi ngokuqondile ne-Experian noma i-TransUnion. Bona Ukuhlaziywa kombiko wesikweletu seDanamix umhlahlandlela wethu.

XDS

I-XDS igxile ekubolekiseni ngemali encane kanye nekhredithi yokudayisa futhi ihlinzeka ngengozi nemiphumela yamaphuzu eklanyelwe lezo zingxenye. Amamodeli ayo asebenzisa idatha evela kubabolekisi ababambe iqhaza kulezo zimakethe. Ukuthola umbiko we-XDS wokuqukethwe nezimo zokusebenzisa, bona Umbiko wezikweletu we-XDS waseNingizimu Afrika inkomba yethu.

Yiziphi Izinto Ezithonya Izikolo Zesikweletu

Nakuba imodeli ye-bureau ngayinye ingeyobunikazi, izinhlobo zokufakwayo ziyahambisana ngokubanzi kuyo yonke imboni. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ochwepheshe bezikweletu bahumushe izikolo futhi bachaze imiphumela kumakhasimende nabahloli bamabhuku.

Umlando wokukhokha

Umlando wokukhokha ngokuvamile ungomunye wabashayeli abanamandla besikolo sesikweletu. Ukukhokha sekwephuzile, izikweletu ezikweletwayo, kanye nokuzenzakalelayo kukhombisa ubungozi obukhulu. Amamodeli ehhovisi asebenzisa amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha nezintambo zokukhokha ukuze athwebule ukuziphatha kwenyanga nenyanga—ukuthi umthengi ubesebenza izikhathi ezingaki, inyanga eyodwa elele emuva, izinyanga ezimbili, njalo njalo. Ukusalela emuva okuphikelelayo noma kwakamuva kuvame ukwehlisa amaphuzu; umlando wokukhokha ohlanzekile usekela amaphuzu aphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi idatha yokukhokha ingahluka phakathi kwama-burea (akubona bonke ababolekisi ababika kuwo wonke ama-bureau), umlando wokukhokha womthengi ofanayo ungase ubukeke uhlukile embikweni ngamunye, okunomthelela ekuhlukeni kwamaphuzu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwekhredithi

Ezindaweni ezijikelezayo ezifana namakhadi esitolo namakhadi esikweletu, isilinganiso sebhalansi ukuze sibe nomkhawulo (ukusetshenziswa) kuvame ukuba nomthelela kumphumela. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu—ibhalansi eseduze noma emkhawulweni—ingabonisa ubunzima futhi ingase yehlise amaphuzu. Phansiukusetshenziswa ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kubalwa kuma-akhawunti ehhovisi ngalinye, ngakho-ke kungahluka nge-bureau.

Ubude bomlando wesikweletu

Iminyaka yobudala yama-akhawunti nobude bomlando wesikweletu kungathinta isikolo. Umlando omude, ozinzile ungasekela amaphuzu aphezulu; amafayela amancane angase abangele amaphuzu aphansi noma angachazwanga.

Izinhlobo zekhredithi kanye nemibuzo yakamuva

Imiksi yekhredithi (ejikelezayo uma iqhathaniswa nesitolimende, evikelekile uma iqhathaniswa nengavikelekile) ingaba isici kwamanye amamodeli. Imibuzo yakamuva “enzima” evela kuzicelo zekhredithi ingase ibe nomthelela kumphumela; idatha yophenyo iqondene ne-bureau. Ukufakwa ohlwini okungalungile (izahlulelo, okuzenzakalelayo, imiyalo yokuphatha) kufaka phakathi izikolo ze-bureau—ukuba khona kanye nokwakamuva kunciphisa amaphuzu. Ngenxa yokuthi idatha engalungile ayifani kuwo wonke ama-bureau, amaphuzu angahluka ngokuqhubekayo.

Amabanga Amaphuzu nokuthi Asho Ukuthini

Amabanga wamaphuzu esikweletu eNingizimu Afrika awafani. I-bureau ngayinye isebenzisa isikali sayo kanye nokuhlanganisa.

I-Experian ivamise ukusebenzisa isikali sezinombolo (isb. 0–705 noma okufanayo, kuye ngomkhiqizo). I-TransUnion isebenzisa isikali se-Empirica esinobubanzi obuhlukile kanye nebhendi—i-600 evela e-TransUnion ayifani ne-600 evela ku-Experian. I-Datanamix neCompuscan zisebenzisa izinkomba zazo zobungozi namabhendi. I-XDS isebenzisa izikali ezifanele ukubolekwa okuncane nokudayisa; lezi azifani nezinkulu ezintathu.

Ochwepheshe bezikweletu kufanele bahlale behlola ukuthi iyiphi i-bureau ekhiqize amaphuzu kanye nesikali saleyo nhlangano. Inqubomgomo kufanele icacise ihhovisi noma, kangcono, isekelwe kudatha eyisisekelo evamile—ukuchayeka, ukuziphatha kokukhokha, ukufakwa ohlwini okungalungile—ukuzeUmqondo ofanayo wesinqumo uyasebenza ngaphandle kwe-bureau.

Kungani Ochwepheshe Bezikweletu Bangakwazi Ukuthembela Kumphumela Wehhovisi Elilodwa

Idatha engaphelele: Ababolekisi ababiki bonke kuwo wonke ama-bureau. Amaphuzu avela ku-bureau eyodwa abalwa kuphela kudatha yaleyo nhlangano; akuvezi lokho abanye abakuphethe. Amaphuzu “amahle” angahlangana nolwazi olungalungile kwenye i-bureau.

Izikali ezingenakuqhathaniswa: Izikolo zizikali ezihlukene futhi zivela kumamodeli ahlukene—awukwazi ukuzilinganisela noma ucabange ukuthi inombolo efanayo isho ingozi efanayo.

Izinqumo ezingaguquki: Umthengi ofanayo angaphathwa ngendlela ehlukile amafemu ahlukene ngenxa nje yokuzikhethela kwehhovisi. Kubeluleki bezikweletu, ukuhlelwa kabusha okusekelwe ehhovisi elilodwa kungase kugeje ama-akhawunti kanye nokuchayeka kancane.

Ukuthobela: I-NCA ne-NCR balindele ulwazi olufanelekela inhloso, oluphelele. Umbono wezinhlaka eziningi usekela ukuhlolwa kobungozi okungcono nokuzivikela ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku. Ochwepheshe bezikweletu kufanele baphathe noma yiliphi iphuzu elilodwa njengento eyodwa futhi basebenzise imibiko eminingi yamahhovisi lapho kungenzeka khona. Ukuze uthole ukuthi ukuthengeka kungena kanjani, bheka umhlahlandlela wokuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela yethu.

Ukuthi Izikolo Zihlobana Kanjani Ekuthengeni Nokuthobela I-NCA

Izikolo zekhredithi kanye nokuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka kuhlobene kodwa kuhlukile. Amaphuzu afinyeza ukuziphatha kwekhredithi njengesignali yengozi; Ukukwazi ukukhokhela ngaphansi kwe-NCA ukuthi umthengi angakwazi yini ukukhokhela isikweletu esihlongozwayo ngemva kwezibopho ezikhona. Izikolo azikukali ngokuqondile ukuthengeka—umthengi angaba namaphuzu aphezulu kodwa abe nezikweletu ngokweqile, noma amaphuzu amaphakathi anemali engenayo eqinile kanye nezibopho eziphansi.

I-NCA idinga ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengekausebenzisa ulwazi olwanele, olusesikhathini samanje—ngokuvamile idatha ye-bureau (ama-akhawunti, amabhalansi, izitolimende, ukuziphatha kokukhokha, ukufakwa kuhlu okungalungile) esikhundleni somphumela wodwa. Izilinganiso zezikweletu nemali engenayo kanye namanye ama-metrics okukwazi ukuthengeka ayahambisana, kusetshenziswa idatha eyisisekelo efanayo ukuphendula “ingabe bangakwazi ukuyikhokhela?” Inqubo eqinile ihlanganisa idatha ye-bureau evela emithonjeni eminingi, isebenzisa imithetho engaguquki, futhi igcina umkhondo wokucwaninga ocacile.

Imikhawulo Yezikolo Zesikweletu

Izikolo zithi zibheka emuva (zibonisa okwenzekile, hhayi okuzokwenzeka), kungaba kudala (ukubika ukusalibeleka kusho ukuthi umphumela ungase ungabonisi isimo sakamuva), futhi ungayithathi yonke ingcuphe (imali engenayo, ukuqashwa, ukukhwabanisa, noma izinkinga zomazisi zingase zingabikho). Futhi ziyahluka phakathi kwama-bureaux kumthengi ofanayo. Le mikhawulo iqinisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikolo kumongo: eduze kwedatha yombiko eyisisekelo, ngokubuka kwamahhovisi amaningi lapho kungenzeka khona, kanye nemithetho ecacile engancikile ku-bureau eyodwa noma inombolo.

Ukuhleleka Kwemininingwane Yezikhungo Eziningi Inikeza Isithombe Esiphelele

Ukukhipha amahhovisi amaningi kuthuthukisa ukuphelela, kodwa uma umbiko ngamunye uhlala uyi-PDF ehlukile enezakhiwo ezihlukene, abahlaziyi kufanele bafunde ifomethi ngayinye futhi basebenzise imithetho ngokuzenzela ihhovisi ngalinye—ukungavumelani kanye nokwanda kwengozi yamaphutha.

Idatha ehlelekile ye-multi-bureau ibhekana nalokhu: uma imibiko evela ku-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, noma i-XDS icutshungulwa ku-schema esivamile, imiqondo efanayo—ukuchayeka, ukuziphatha kokukhokha, ukufakwa kuhlu okungalungile, izinkambu ezihlobene nokuthengeka—ziyaqhathaniseka. Imithetho yezinqumo ibe isisebenza ngokungaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihhovisi liliphi. Izikolo zingaboniswa kuumongo (isb. “Experian 620, TransUnion Empirica 3”) ngaphandle kokwenza sengathi ayaqhathaniswa. Inani langempela liyidatha eyisisekelo evamile, imithetho engaguquki, kanye nomkhondo wokuhlola ocacile—isithombe esiphelele kunanoma yimuphi umphumela owodwa.

Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo

Amaphuzu esikweletu eNingizimu Afrika aqondene ngqo ne-bureau futhi awajwayelekile. Izikolo ziwusizo njengamasiginali kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe eduze kwedatha ewumsuka futhi, lapho kunokwenzeka, kuzo zonke izikhungo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Ukuhlela leyo datha—ukuze ukuchayeka, ukuziphatha, kanye nolwazi olubi oluvela kumahhovisi amaningi luqhathanise futhi luqhutshwa umthetho—kuvumela ochwepheshe bezikweletu babone amaphuzu kumongo futhi benze izinqumo ezingaguquki, ezivikelekayo. Uma ungathanda ukubona ukuthi idatha ehlelekile ye-multi-bureau ingakusekela kanjani ukugeleza komsebenzi wakho, thintana ukuze ubone izikolo kumongo kuwo wonke ama-bureau futhi wakhe ukuhlaziya okungaguquki, okufundekayo.