Ingxelo yeTyala eziTrendi eMzantsi Afrika

Uninzi lweengcali zekhredithi eMzantsi Afrika zifundiswa ukufunda ingxelo enye yekhredithi: iibhalansi, iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo, uluhlu olubi, kunye namanqaku. Bambalwa abaqeqeshelwe ukutolika iindlela zengxelo yetyala eMzantsi Afrika ekuhambeni kwexesha—nokuba iprofayili yomxhasi iyaphucuka okanye iyehla. Lo msantsa ubalulekile. Umfanekiso omfutshane ukuxelela apho umntu emi khona namhlanje; iintsingiselo zikuxelela ukuba ziyachacha, zizinzile, okanye zisingise kunxunguphalo. Kubacebisi ngamatyala abalandela inkqubela yabaxhasi, abaniki-nkonzo beentengo zemboleko bavavanya umkhondo ngaphambi kokuba banike ikhredithi, kunye nee-broker ezichonga abafaki-zicelo abaneeprofayile zabo eziphucukayo, uhlalutyo lwexesha elide sisakhono sobuchule esingundoqo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba kutheni uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo lubalulekile, yintoni onokuyilandelela, kutheni ukuhamba komsebenzi ngoku kuhlala kusilela ukuyixhasa, kunye nendlela yokwakha indlela esebenzayo ephucula umgangatho wesigqibo kunye neziphumo.

I-Snapshot Trap: Kutheni iNgxelo enye ingonelanga

Ukutsalwa kweofisi enye kukunika umbono wexesha. Ubona iibhalansi zangoku, umtya weprofayile yentlawulo yamva nje, kunye naluphi na udweliso olubi kwifayile. Into ongayiboniyo lulwalathiso. Ingaba ukutyhileka ngokupheleleyo kuyenyuka okanye kuhla? Ngaba iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo ziyaphucuka inyanga nenyanga okanye ziyatyibilika? Ngaba umthengi uye wazicima iintsilelo okanye izigwebo ukusukela kutsalo lokugqibela? Ngaphandle kwenqaku lesibini (nelesithathu) lokuthelekisa, awukwazi ukuphendula loo mibuzo. Uthatha izigqibo ngomfanekiso omileyo xa ibali lokwenyani likwintshukumo.

Iindleko zokungahoyi umkhondo

Kubacebisi ngamatyala, umxhasi kuhlengahlengiso lohlengahlengiso lwamatyala angahlawula njengoko kuvunyelwene, kodwa ukuba unokutsala ingxelo kuphela xa ufaka isicelo.nqanaba awunabo ubungqina bophuculo oluzinzileyo. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwe-NCR kunye neenkqubo zenkundla zilindele uvavanyo olubhaliweyo; ebonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kwentlawulo yomxhasi kunye nokuvezwa kuye kwaphucuka kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu okanye ezilishumi elinesibini kuyalomeleza ityala ukuze kubekho iziphumo ezincumisayo. Kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, ukuvuma umfaki-sicelo onentsingiselo yakutsha nje ehla-ukunyuka kwamatyala, uluhlu olutsha olungalunganga-kunomngcipheko omkhulu kunokuvumela lowo otyekele phezulu, nokuba umfanekiso wangoku ukhangeleka ngokufanayo. Kubarhwebi, ukubeka phambili abafaki-zicelo abaneeprofayili eziphuculweyo kwandisa ithuba lokuvunywa kombolekisi kwaye kunciphisa ixesha elichithwe kwizicelo eziya kuthi zingaphumeleli. Kuzo zontathu iimeko, uvavanyo oluyimfama lushiya ixabiso kunye nomngcipheko kwitheyibhile.

Ithetha ukuthini “intsingiselo” ekusebenzeni

Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo ngokuhamba kwexesha luxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbalwa ezibambekayo: intshukumo yamanqaku (nokuba amanqaku omngcipheko we-bureau okanye amanqaku angaphakathi ayaphucuka okanye aya mandundu), iipateni zembali yentlawulo (nokuba iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo bonisa uthotho lweqanda emva kokungahlawulwa kwemali okanye isilayidi ku-1 kunye no-2s), i-exposure kunye nokunciphisa amatyala ebhalansi), kunye nokulinganisa* iinguqulelo zizonke* (okanye ii-installments) (nokuba izigwebo okanye ukusilela kuhlawulwe, kumiselwe, okanye kongezwa). Nganye kwezi zinokulandelelwa kuphela ukuba unengxelo engaphezulu kwesinye, itsalwe ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo, kwaye igcinwe ngendlela evumela uthelekiso. Ngombono osisiseko wolwakhiwo lwengxelo kunye namacandelo, bona isikhokelo sethu ku- ifundwa njani ingxelo yetyala eMzantsi Afrika.

Kutheni izisombululo zangoku zisilela ukuxhasa uHlahlelo lweTrendi

Ngokwethiyori, nayiphi na inkampani etsala iingxelo zetyala inokuzithelekisa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokusebenza,indlela uninzi lwamaqela asebenza ngayo yenza uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo lunqabile, lungangqinelani, okanye lungenzeki.

iiPDF kunye nokutsalwa okukodwa

Imveliso engagqibekanga evela kumaziko oMzantsi Afrika yiPDF okanye uxwebhu olungatshintshiyo olufanayo. Utsalo ngalunye yifayile ezimele. Ukuthelekisa ukutsalwa kabini, umhlalutyi kufuneka avule zombini amaxwebhu, afumane amacandelo afanayo kwindawo nganye (eyazi ukuba i-layout ihluke kwi-bureau-Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, XDS, Compuscan nganye idatha ekhoyo ngokuhlukileyo), kwaye uthelekise ngengqondo okanye ngesandla ibhalansi, iintambo zokuhlawula, kunye noluhlu olubi. Oko kuyacotha kwaye kulula ukwenza iimpazamo. Xa umthamo uphezulu, akwenzeki konke konke. Utsalo lufakwe ngegama lomxumi okanye isazisi, kodwa akukho khonkco lucwangcisiweyo phakathi “kwengxelo kaJanuwari” kunye “nengxelo kaJuni” enokuvumela uthelekiso olucwangcisiweyo. Isiphumo kukuba uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo lugcinelwe i-ad hoc, iimeko ze-high-stakes kune-standard practice.

Akukho kubhalwa kwembali kungaguqukiyo

Nokuba iifemu zigcina iingxelo ezininzi ngomthengi ngamnye, azifane zizigcine ngendlela exhasa ukuthelekisa. Iingxelo zingaphila kwiidrive ekwabelwana ngazo, imisonto ye-imeyile, okanye iifayile zetyala ezingenazo isitampu somhla esisemgangathweni okanye akukho khonkco kumxhasi omnye wokuchongwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Ngaphandle kwexesha elicacileyo-ingxelo enye kwi-T1, ingxelo ezimbini kwi-T2-awukwazi ukubala ngokuthembekileyo “utshintsho lwe-exposure” okanye “utshintsho lwamanqaku” okanye “ukuphuculwa kweprofayili yentlawulo.” Ukubhalwa kwembali kuthetha ukugcina utsalo ngalunye kunye nomhla kunye nereferensi yomxhasi ukwenzela ukuba iimetriki ezifanayo (i-total exposure, amanqaku, ukubalwa koluhlu olubi, isishwankathelo seprofayili yentlawulo) inokuthelekiswa ngaphaya kokutsalwa. Uninzi lwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngesandla kunye nesekwe kwiPDF ayikuxhasi oko.

Amanqaku kunye nedathaukuqhekeka kuzo zonke iiofisi

Amanqaku etyala eMzantsi Afrika i-bureau-specific: Experian, TransUnion, kunye neDatanamix nganye ivelisa amanqaku ayo kwizikali ezahlukeneyo. Ukulandelela “inqaku ngokuhamba kwexesha” kusebenza kuphela ukuba uthelekisa njengaye-iofisi efanayo, umthengi ofanayo, imihla eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba inyanga enye utsala iTransUnion kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu utsale i-Experian, awuthelekisi umkhwa ofanayo; uthelekisa iimetrikhi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo lufuna ukhetho olungaguquguqukiyo lwe-bureau ekuhambeni kwexesha okanye indlela ecwangcisiweyo eyenza idatha iqheleke ukwenzela ukuba iindawo ezithelekisekayo (umzekelo, ukuvezwa ngokupheleleyo, iiflegi zokuziphatha kwentlawulo, ukubalwa kakubi) kunokulandelwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba leliphi i-bureau libonelele utsalo ngalunye.

Lujongeka njani uhlalutyo lwendlela elungileyo

Ukutolikwa okusebenzayo kweentsingiselo zengxelo yetyala kuxhomekeke kwiseti encinci yeendlela eziphindaphindwayo: yintoni emayilinganiswe, kaninzi kangakanani ukulinganisa, kunye nendlela yokutolika isiphumo.

Chaza iimetriki ezibalulekileyo

Iimetriki ezibalulekileyo kuhlalutyo lwentsingiselo ziyafana nezibalulekileyo kwingxelo enye, kodwa zilinganiswe ngaphezu kwenqaku elinye ngexesha. Itotali yokutyhileka (isimbuku seebhalansi kuzo zonke izibonelelo) kunye zizonke izavenge zenyanga zibonisa ukuba ngaba umboleki uthatha ityala elingaphezulu okanye uyalihlawula. Isishwankathelo seprofayili yentlawulo—umzekelo, ukubalwa kwee-akhawunti zangoku (0) xa kuthelekiswa namatyala (1, 2, 3+) kwezona nyanga zi-6 okanye ezili-12 zakutsha nje—ibonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kuyaphucuka okanye kuyawohloka. Ubalo loluhlu olubi kunye nobume (uluhlu olubi olufana nezigwebo kunye nokungagqibeki) kubonisa ukuba iziganeko ezitsha ezichaseneyo zivele okanye ezikhoyo zihlawulwe okanye ziphelelwe lixesha. Inqakuintshukumo (ukusuka kwiziko elinye, imodeli efanayo) inika intsingiselo yesihloko kodwa kufuneka ifundwe ecaleni kwedatha esisiseko ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni amanqaku eshukumile. Ukuchaza ezi metrics kumgaqo-nkqubo kwaye, apho kunokwenzeka, kwiinkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ujonge into efanayo xa ethetha “ngokuphucula” okanye “ukuwohloka.”

Khetha ikhefu lothelekiso oluvakalayo

Iimpawu zifuna ubuncinci amanqaku edatha amabini. Ngokucetyiswa ngamatyala, ukuthelekisa kwisicelo kunye kwakhona kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ezilishumi elinesibini kudla ngokwaneleyo ukubonisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso luyasebenza na. Kubaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko abaphonononga abafaki-zicelo abaphindayo okanye abarhwebi abalandela umbhobho, uthelekiso lwekota okanye lwesiqingatha sonyaka lunokufaneleka. Ikhefu elifutshane kakhulu (umzekelo, ngeveki) lidla ngokungafuneki kwaye libiza kakhulu; ixesha elide kakhulu (umzekelo kuphela kwisicelo) liphosa utshintsho olunentsingiselo. Ithuba lekhefu kufuneka lihambelane nesigqibo osixhasayo: ukuphuma kuphononongo lwamatyala, ukuvunywa kwetyala elitsha, okanye ukubeka phambili kwabafaki-zicelo.

Tolika isalathiso, hayi kwinqanaba

Injongo yohlalutyo lwentsingiselo kukubona ** isalathiso **. Ingaba ukutyhileka kuyehla? Ngaba iikhowudi zokuhlawula ziyatshintsha ukusuka ku-2 kunye no-3 ukuya ku-0 kunye no-1? Ngaba uluhlu olungalunganga luyacinywa? Umthengi onamanqaku aphakathi akhoyo kodwa ukuthambekela okucacileyo okunyukayo kunokuba ngumngcipheko ongcono kunomntu onamanqaku aphezulu kodwa ehle. Ngokufanayo, umxhasi ocebisa amatyala othe wacutha ukuvezwa kunye nokuziphatha okuphuculweyo kwentlawulo kwisithuba seenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini unikezela ngemeko eyomeleleyo kuneyo enomfanekiso oqingqiweyo ofanayo wangoku kodwa engenambali yophuculo. Uqeqesho kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ugxininise “ukuphucula,” “ukuzinza,” kunye”ukuwohloka” njengeendidi ezicacileyo ukuze imeko ifikelele kwizigqibo ngendlela engaguqukiyo.

Ukuthotyelwa kunye nokugcinwa koMxholo

Uhlalutyo lwendlela alukho malunga nezigqibo ezingcono kuphela; ihambelana nolawulo olulindelekileyo lokuba uhlolo lucokiseke kwaye lubhalwe.

Ulindelo lwe-NCA kunye ne-NCR

UMthetho weNtengo weSizwe ufuna uvavanyo lokufikeleleka phambi kokuba ubolekwe ngetyala kwaye uxhasa ukujongwa kwakhona kwetyala njengendlela yabathengi abanamatyala agqithisileyo. I-NCR ilindele ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi bamatyala basebenzise idatha eyaneleyo kwaye babhale indlela izigqibo ekufikelelwe kuzo. Ukubonisa ukuba awuqwalaselanga kuphela ingxelo yangoku kodwa indlela yomthengi-nokuba izibophelelo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo kuphuculwe okanye kubi kakhulu-kuyomeleza imeko yokuba uvavanyo lubanzi. Ikwaxhasa ukuphicothwa: xa umphicothi-zincwadi okanye i-NCR ibuza ukuba ugqibe njani ukuba umboleki unokuhlawula ityala okanye ugqibe ngempumelelo uhlengahlengiso, ukwazi ukukhomba kuthotho lweengxelo kunye nohlalutyo olucacileyo lwentsingiselo lukhuseleke ngakumbi kunokuxhomekeka kwi-snapshot enye.

I-POPIA kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha

Idatha yengxelo yetyala lulwazi lomntu phantsi koMthetho woKhuseleko loLwazi loBuqu. Ukugcina iingxelo ezininzi ekuhambeni kwexesha kuhlalutyo lwentsingiselo kuthetha ukugcina idatha yabathengi ixesha elide kunotsalo olunye. Iifemu kufuneka zibe nesiseko esisemthethweni kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokugcinwa ohambelana nePOPIA: chaza ukuba idatha yengxelo igcinwa ixesha elingakanani, ngeyiphi injongo, kwaye ikhuselwa njani. Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo yinjongo esemthethweni xa ixhasa uvavanyo lwetyala, ingcebiso ngamatyala, okanye ukuhamba komsebenzi we-broker; isitixokukubhala injongo, ukunciphisa ugcino koko kuyimfuneko, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufikelelo kunye nogcino luyahlangabezana nokhuseleko lwakho kunye nemigangatho yokuthotyelwa.

Ukusetyenziswa okuSebenzayo ngendima

Indlela ozisebenzisa ngayo iingxelo zeentengo zemboleko ixhomekeke ekubeni ungumcebisi wamatyala, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, okanye umthengisi. Kukwasebenza iimetrikhi ezifanayo; isigqibo indima nganye esixhasayo yahlukile.

Abacebisi ngamatyala: ukulandelela ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwabaxumi

Abacebisi bamatyala kufuneka babonise ukuba abathengi kuhlengahlengiso bayahlangabezana nezibophelelo zabo kwaye imeko yabo iyonke iyaphucuka. Ukutsala ingxelo kwisicelo kunika isiseko; ukutsala kwakhona kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ezilishumi elinesibini (okanye kwimiba ephambili efana nophononongo lwenkundla) kubonisa ukuba ukubhenceka kuwile, ukuziphatha kwentlawulo kuye kwaphucuka, kwaye izintlu ezingalunganga ziye zaqwalaselwa. Obo bungqina buxhasa iingcebiso kubatyalwayo neenkundla kwaye bunceda nge-NCR kunye neemfuno zophicotho-zincwadi. Ikwanceda ukubeka phambili i-caseload: abaxumi abaneendlela zabo ezisicaba okanye ezingalunganga banokufuna ukuhoywa ngakumbi okanye isindululo esihlaziyiweyo.

Ababoneleli ngetyala: ukuphonononga umkhondo phambi kokunika ikhredithi

Umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko unokubona umenzi-sicelo umfanekiso wakhe wangoku ongumda—amanqaku aphakathi, amanye amatyala embali, ukusilela okuhlawulweyo. Umkhwa unokuqhawula iqhina. Ukuba iinyanga ze-12 zokugqibela zibonisa ukwehla kwe-exposure, iiprofayili zentlawulo ezicocekileyo, kwaye akukho luhlu olutsha olubi, i-trajectory isekela isigqibo sokunika (mhlawumbi ngeemeko). Ukuba iinyanga ze-12 zokugqibela zibonisa ukunyuka kwamatyala okanye isigwebo esitsha, i-trajectory isekela ukuhla okanye isicelo solunye ulwazi. Ukusebenzisa i-trend inumgaqo-nkqubo-umzekelo, “abafaki-zicelo abanomgangatho ophuculweyo ngaphezu kokutsalwa kabini banokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunabo banomkhuba owohlokayo kumanqaku afanayo angoku” -wenza izigqibo ezihambelanayo kwaye zikhuseleke.

Ii-brokers: ukuchonga abafaki-zicelo abaphuculweyo

Abarhwebi bafuna ukuthumela ababolekisi abafake izicelo abanokuthi bamkelwe. Umfaki-sicelo oneprofayile yakhe ephucukileyo kwezi nyanga zintandathu zidlulileyo ngumgqatswa ongcono kunomntu oneprofayile eye yaba mandundu, nokuba amanani angoku akhangeleka ngokufanayo. Umzila wokulandela umkhondo (apho idatha ifumaneka ngokutsalwa kwangaphambili okanye kumthengi) ivumela abarhwebi ukuba babeke phambili izicelo, babeke ulindelo, kwaye banciphise ixesha elichithwe kubafaki-zicelo abangekakulungeli. Ikwaxhasa incoko yobuchwephesha kunye nomthengi: “Ukuvezwa kwakho kuhlile kwaye indlela yakho yokuhlawula iphucukile; sinokukubeka ngamandla ngakumbi kubabolekisi ngoku.”

Yeyabani Le

Esi sikhokelo sesabantu abaqeqeshiweyo baseMzantsi Afrika abenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwidatha yeziko kwaye abafuna ezo zigqibo zibonise kungekuphela nje ingxelo ekhoyo kodwa umkhondo womboleki. Yeya abacebisi kumatyala emboleko abafuna ukubhala ingxelo yokufumana umxhasi kwaye bahlangabezane ne-NCR kunye nokulindelwe yinkundla. Yenzelwe ababoneleli ngetyala—iibhanki, ababolekisi-mali abancinci, abathengisi-abafuna ukusebenzisa intsingiselo njengegalelo kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuvunywa nomngcipheko. Yenzelwe **abarhwebi betyala ** abafuna ukugxila kwiinzame kubafaki-zicelo ngokuphucula iiprofayili kunye namandla aphezulu okuvunywa. Kwimeko nganye, isakhono sinye: ukutolika iindlela zengxelo yetyala ngokuhamba kwexesha usebenzisa ukuvezwa, imbali yentlawulo, uluhlu olubi, kunye nentshukumo yamanqaku, kunyeukondla olotoliko kwizigqibo ezingqinelanayo, ezibhaliweyo.

Amanyathelo Alandelayo

Ukutolika iintsingiselo zengxelo yetyala eMzantsi Afrika sisakhono esingundoqo sobuchwephesha esiphucula iziphumo kubathengi nakwimizi-mveliso. Isifinyezo esinye sikuxelela apho umntu emi khona namhlanje; Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo ikuxelela ukuba bayaphucuka okanye bayawohloka, kwaye loo mahluko uqhuba iingcebiso ezingcono zokucebisa amatyala, izigqibo ezingcono zokuboleka imali, kunye nokubeka phambili okuphambili kwe-broker. Ukwenza kakuhle, udinga ingxelo engaphezu kweyodwa ngexesha, i-metrics ecacileyo, i-bureau engaguqukiyo okanye umbono oqhelekileyo, kunye nendlela yokugcina kunye nokuthelekisa idatha ngaphandle kokuthelekisa iPDF ngesandla. Ukuba ungathanda ukubona ukuba uhlalutyo lwengxelo yetyala olucwangcisiweyo kunye nedatha eyimbali inokuxhasa njani izigqibo ezisekelwe kwindlela yokusebenza kwakho, dibana no.