Iikhowudi zeProfayili yeNtlawulo eMzantsi Afrika

Uluhlu lweprofayili yentlawulo yirekhodi yenyanga nenyanga yokuba umboleki uyihlawule njani i-akhawunti nganye yekhredithi, emelwe njengeekhowudi zamanani kwiingxelo zamaziko okuthenga ngetyala aseMzantsi Afrika. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, abathengisi bamatyala, kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi, zezinye zezona ndawo zifundisayo kwingxelo-kodwa kwifomu ye-PDF zihlala zisetyenziswa ngaphantsi ngenxa yokuba zibonakala njengemitya eshinyeneyo yamanani ngaphandle komxholo okanye isakhiwo. Ukuqonda ukuba ezi khowudi zithetha ukuthini, zifundwa njani, kwaye zeziphi iipateni ekufuneka uzijonge kubalulekile kucokisekileyo ukufikeleleka kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko. Esi sikhokelo sichaza umgaqo oqhelekileyo wokubhalwa kweekhowudi osetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika, indlela yokutolika imitya yeprofayili yentlawulo kuwo wonke amaziko, kutheni le nto ibalulekile kuvavanyo lwetyala kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-NCA, kunye nendlela le datha eyijika ngayo ibe ziimpawu zomngcipheko ezisebenzayo endaweni yombhalo omileyo kwiphepha.

Yeyiphi imitya yeProfayili yeNtlawulo

Umtya weprofayili yentlawulo lulandelelwano loonobumba-ngokuqhelekileyo amadijithi-apho unobumba ngamnye umele ubume bentlawulo ye-akhawunti kwinyanga ethile. Isikhundla esinye sihambelana nenyanga enye; Umtya opheleleyo ke ngoko unika imbono yolandelelwano malunga nokuba umboleki ebekwixesha langoku, inyanga enye esemva, iinyanga ezimbini esemva, okanye kwezinye iimeko (umzekelo, ukucinywa, inyathelo lomthetho, ukujongwa kwakhona kwetyala) kwinyanga nganye kwezo nyanga. I-Bureaux ifumana idatha yentlawulo kubanikezeli bekhredithi kwaye iboniswe kule fomu ye-compact ukuze abavavanyi bakwazi ukubona ukuziphatha ekuhambeni kwexesha ngaphandle kokufunda ibali elide. Kubaqeqeshi bekhredithi, umtya uphendula umbuzo obalulekileyo: kungekhona nje “yintoni ibhalansi namhlanje?” kodwa “injani lontoI-akhawunti ihlawulwe kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ezingama-24 okanye ezingama-36?” Lo mbono wokuziphatha ungundoqo kwi- amanqaku ekhredithi, ukubona iimpawu zokuqala ze- ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokuqonda ukuba umthengi uyaphucuka, uzinzile, okanye uyawohloka phambi kokuba kuvele okusesikweni uluhlu olubi.

INgqungquthela yeKhowudi eseMgangathweni eMzantsi Afrika

Amaziko okuthenga ngetyala aseMzantsi Afrika alandela indlela eqhelekileyo yeekhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo, nangona iisimboli ezichanekileyo kunye neeleyibhile zinokwahluka kancinci ngokwe-bureau kunye nemveliso. Ingqiqo engundoqo yile:

Amanani angahlawulwanga: 0 = asemva (okwangoku), 1 = inyanga enye esemva, 2 = iinyanga ezimbini zisemva, 3 = iinyanga ezintathu, njalo njalo. Amanani aphezulu abonisa ubunjubaqa obuqatha kuloo nyanga.

Iikhowudi ezikhethekileyo: Ngaphaya kwamanani asemva kwamatyala, ii-bureau zisebenzisa iikhowudi ezongezelelweyo zokucinywa kwamatyala, amanyathelo omthetho, ukujongwa kwakhona kwamatyala, ukuhlawula, kunye neemeko ezifanayo. Umzekelo, i-akhawunti ecinyiweyo ingaboniswa ngekhowudi eyahlukileyo (umzekelo, “W” okanye idijithi ethile); Iiakhawunti eziphantsi kwamanyathelo omthetho okanye kuphononongo lwamatyala zinokuba namanqaku azo. Ezi khowudi zibalulekile kuba azibonisi nje intlawulo kade kodwa utshintsho olusesikweni kwimo yeakhawunti—kwaye zihlala zikhokela okanye zikhapha uluhlu olubi kwingxelo.

Abasebenzi kufuneka baqinisekise intsomi kwingxelo nganye ye-bureau abayisebenzisayo. I-Experian, iTransUnion, kunye neDatanamix nganye ipapashe okanye inike iinkcazo ezingundoqo kwikhowudi; ukusebenzisa ilivo elingelilo kunokukhokelela ekufundeni kakubi. Nje ukuba indibano yaziwa, ingqiqo efanayo isebenza kuzo zonke ii-akhawunti kunye nabathengi-yiyo loo nto ukulinganisa utoliko kumgaqo-nkqubo nakwiinkqubo kunciphisa iimpazamo xa uninzi.iingxelo ziyasetyenzwa.

Indlela yokuFunda umtya weProfayili yeNtlawulo

Ukufunda umtya weprofayili yokuhlawula kufuna ukwazi izinto ezimbini: isalathiso sexesha (esiphi isiphelo esidala kakhulu, esandula kutshanje) kunye nobude bomtya.

Ulandelelwano lweziganeko: Kuxhomekeka kwiziko kunye noyilo lwengxelo, umtya usenokufundeka ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene (eyona nyanga indala ngasekhohlo, eyona nyanga imva nje ekunene) okanye ekunene ukuya ekhohlo (eyona indala ekunene, eyona yakutshanje ngasekhohlo). Ukungawufundisi kakuhle umkhombandlela kubuyisela umva ibali: into ekhangeleka ngathi yimpucuko yakutsha nje inokuba yimbali yakudala, okanye ngokuphendululekileyo. Soloko ujonga uyilo lweziko okanye ilivo ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo malunga nokuziphatha “kutsha nje”.

Ubude: Imitya idla ngokumela iinyanga ezingama-24 okanye ezingama-36 zembali, ngamanye amaxesha ziyi-12. Ubude bungalungiswa (umzekelo, ngamaxesha onke ama-24 oonobumba) okanye baguquguquke; imitya emifutshane inokuthetha ukuba i-akhawunti intsha okanye i-bureau ifumene idatha yexesha eliqingqiweyo. Ukwazi ubude bukunceda ukuba utolike ukuba yimbali engakanani oyibonayo kwaye ingaba ukuqhutywa kweqanda kwelinye icala kuthetha “ngoku kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-X” okanye “akukho datha yelo xesha.”

Emva kokuba ulwalathiso kunye nobude bucacile, unokuhamba ngomtya inyanga nenyanga kwaye uqaphele apho kuvela khona imali esemva, ixesha elide lihlala, nokuba kukho izigaba zokubuyisela (umz. 2, 2, 1, 0, 0) okanye ukuwohloka (umz. 0, 0, 1, 2, 3).

Zeziphi iipateni onokuzijonga

Imitya yeprofayile yentlawulo iveza iipatheni zokuziphatha apho iflegi “yangoku” okanye “esemva” ayinako.

Amatyala asemva alandelelanayo (isimilo esiwohlokayo): Amanani anyukayo—umz. 0, 1, 2, 2, 3—ibonisa ukuba i-akhawunti iphumangoku kumatyala angaphaya. Olu luphawu olunamandla loxinzelelo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo isilumkiso kwangethuba phambi kokuba kumiswe ummiselo okanye ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo ibhengezwe. Iiakhawunti ezininzi ezinokonakala okufanayo kwifayile yomthengi zidibanisa inkxalabo.

Iipatheni zokubuyisela (uphuculo): Ulandelelwano olufana no-3, 2, 1, 0, 0 lubonisa umthengi ebuyisela i-akhawunti kweyangoku. Oko kunokuxhasa imbono ethandeka ngakumbi yendlela yokuziphatha yamva nje kunye nokulungela ukulungisa, nokuba ingxelo ibinobunzima ngaphambili.

Iipateni zamaxesha onyaka: Abanye abathengi babonisa ukuhlawulwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwiinyanga ezithile (umz. emva kukaDisemba okanye iifizi zesikolo) baze emva koko bafumane intlawulo. Ukuqaphela ixesha lonyaka kunceda ukuphepha ukohlwaya ngaphezulu kwenyanga enye embi xa imeko iyonke izinzile.

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo: Ubude bexesha elide leqanda elilandelwa ngu-2 okanye u-3 ngesiquphe lingabonisa isiganeko sobomi, ukulahlekelwa ngumvuzo, okanye ukuzibophelela ngokugqithisileyo. Ifuna ingqwalasela xa uvavanya ikhredithi entsha okanye uphonononga ubhengezo olukhoyo.

Ukuchonga ezi pateni ngesandla kwiiakhawunti ezininzi kunye nabathengi kudla ixesha. Xa ingqiqo efanayo ifakwe kwimigaqo kwaye isetyenziswe kwidatha ehleliweyo, iiflegi zinokuphakanyiswa ngokuzenzekelayo-umz. “nayiphi na i-akhawunti eneenyanga ezintathu okanye ezingaphezulu ezilandelelanayo kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo” -ukuze abavavanyi bagxininise kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga kunokuba bafunde kwakhona umtya ngamnye.

Indlela Ezahluke Ngayo IiProfayili zeNtlawulo

I-Experian, iTransUnion, kunye neDatanamix zonke zibonelela ngembali yokuhlawula, kodwa ifomathi kunye nentetho iyahluka.

Experian iingxelo zibonisa imitya yeprofayile yentlawulo kwicandelo lorhwebo kwiakhawunti nganye, enesitshixo okanyeintsomi kwenye indawo kwingxelo. Ingqungquthela (i-0 = yangoku, i-1 = inyanga ye-1, njl.) ihambelana nesiqhelo soshishino, kodwa i-layout echanekileyo kunye naziphi na iikhowudi ezikhethekileyo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwingxelo okanye kumaxwebhu e-Experian.

TransUnion isebenzisa indlela efanayo yamanani kwimbali yentlawulo kwiingxelo zayo zaseMzantsi Afrika. Amanqaku e-Empirica kunye nezinye izalathisi zomngcipheko ziqhutywa ngokuyinxenye yile datha yentlawulo; ukuqonda imitya esisiseko kunceda iingcali zibone ukuba kutheni amanqaku anokuba phezulu okanye aphantsi kwaye basebenzise eyabo imithetho phezulu.

Datanamix (kuquka iCompuscan) ikwabonisa iiprofayili zentlawulo ngendlela ethelekisekayo. Ngenxa yokuba i-Datanamix isoloko isetyenziswa kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi okujoliswe ekufikeleleni, ukuziphatha kwentlawulo kumgca ngamnye wokurhweba kubaluleke kakhulu kubacebisi bamatyala kunye nababolekisi abafuna ukubeka phambili ii-akhawunti okanye bachaze umngcipheko kubaxhasi.

Ingqikelelo yedatha esisiseko iyafana kuwo onke amaziko; Umahluko kukubeko, ukulebhile, kunye naziphi na iikhowudi ezithe ngqo zeofisi. Kwiifemu ezitsalwa kwii-ofisi ezininzi, ukuqhelanisa idatha yeprofayili yentlawulo kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe imigaqo yepateni efanayo kunye neeflegi nokuba leliphi na iziko elinike ingxelo.

Kutheni iiProfayili zeNtlawulo zibalulekile kuVavanyo lweTyala

Iiprofayili zentlawulo zibalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezithathu eziphambili.

Zibonisa indlela yokuziphatha engaphaya kwebhalansi yangoku. Umthengi usenokuba “ungoku” namhlanje kodwa unembali yokuphinda ahlawule emva kwexesha; omnye usenokuba usemva mva nje kodwa uye wacinywa kwaye wahlala ekhona kangangeenyanga ezininzi. Umtya weprofayile ubamba loo mbali kwaye uxhasa umbono owenziwe ngamanqathakunommandla wesimo esinye.

Baqikelela umngcipheko wexesha elizayo. Ukuziphatha okuzingileyo okanye okubi ngakumbi kwintlawulo kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokusilela; ukucoca okanye ukuphucula iiprofayili zixhasa umngcipheko ophantsi. I-Bureaux isebenzisa le datha kwi- amanqaku ekhredithi imifuziselo, kwaye abaqeqeshi bekhredithi banokuyisebenzisa kwimigaqo-nkqubo yabo-umz. ukwehla okanye ukubonelela ngetyala xa iiprofayili zamva nje zibonisa ipateni echaziweyo yokuwohloka.

Bayakuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwe-NCA. Phantsi kwe-NCA, abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka bathabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya imbali yokuhlawula amatyala omboleki kunye neendlela zemali phambi kokunika ikhredithi. Iiprofayili zentlawulo zibubungqina obuthe ngqo bembali yentlawulo. Ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela engaguqukiyo, ebhalwe kunceda ukubonisa ukuba uvavanyo belucokisekile kwaye isigqibo besisekwe kwidatha ekhoyo-ukunciphisa ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali kunye nomngcipheko wokubasematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo.

Ingxaki ngokuFunda iiProfayili zeNtlawulo kwiiPDF

Kwingxelo yekhredithi yePDF, iintambo zeprofayili yentlawulo zivela njengemitya yamanani (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iileta) ecaleni okanye phantsi kweakhawunti nganye. Akukho sakhiwo se-semantic: inkqubo “ayazi” ukuba indawo yesi-7 “ngoMatshi 2024” okanye ukuba ixabiso “2” lithetha iinyanga ezimbini ezisemva. Umvavanyi kufuneka afunde umtya ngamnye, akhumbule ingqungquthela, kwaye asebenzise ngengqondo imigaqo yepateni. Kuzo zonke iiakhawunti ezininzi kunye namakhulu eengxelo, loo ndlela ayilingani. Kunzima ukuphendula imibuzo efana nale “yeyiphi i-akhawunti yomthengi eye yaneenyanga ezingaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini ezilandelelanayo kwityala kunyaka ophelileyo?” okanye “zingaphi izicelo zethu zakutsha nje ezibonise iprofayile ehlayo kuyo nayiphi na iakhawunti?” ngaphandle kokuvula iPDF nganye kunyeukujonga ngesandla. Ukungaguquguquki kuhlupheka xa abahlalutyi abahlukeneyo betolika umtya ofanayo ngokwahlukileyo okanye xa imithetho yomgaqo-nkqubo (“iflegi ukuba i-3+ isemva ngokulandelelana”) isetyenziswa kuphela xa umntu ekhumbula ukujonga. Akukho ndlela eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokucoca, ukubuza, okanye ukuthelekisa iiprofayili zentlawulo kuzo zonke ii-akhawunti okanye kubo bonke abathengi-ngoko idatha ihlala itshixiwe kuxwebhu.

Indlela iDatha eYakhiwe ngayo iJika iiProfayili zeNtlawulo zibe ziimpawu zoMngcipheko oSebenzayo

Xa idatha yeprofayili yokuhlawula ikhutshwe kwiingxelo ze-bureau kwaye igcinwe kwifom ehleliweyo-isikhundla ngasinye sihlanjululwe, ikhowudi nganye ifakwe kwintsingiselo eqhelekileyo, kunye ne-akhawunti nganye edityaniswe kumthengi kunye nengxelo-kuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa imithetho ngokuqhubekayo kunye nakwizinga. Ukufakela iflegi ngokuzenzekelayo kunokuvela kwii-akhawunti (okanye abathengi) ezihlangabezana nemigaqo echaziweyo: umzekelo, nayiphi na i-akhawunti eneenyanga ezintathu nangaphezulu ezilandelelanayo kwityala leenyanga ezili-12 ezisemva, okanye nawuphi na umboleki onee-akhawunti ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezibonisa indlela ewohlokayo. Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo lunokuthelekisa i-akhawunti efanayo kwimihla yengxelo ukubona ukuba ukuziphatha kuyaphucuka okanye kuya kuba mandundu. Imithetho ehambelanayo ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimeko, ukwenzela ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo ofanayo unyanzeliswe kwisicelo ngasinye okanye ifayile yokuphonononga ityala. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ingqiqo icacile kwaye idatha iyalandeleka, uvavanyo lunokuphicothwa: umphicothi-zincwadi okanye i-NCR inokubona ukuba yeyiphi idatha esetyenzisiweyo, yiyiphi imigaqo esetyenzisiweyo, kunye nendlela isiphumo esifikelelwe ngayo. Elo lixabiso elibonakalayo lokumisa iiprofayili zentlawulo-hayi “amanqaku” elinye endaweni, kodwa idatha yeofisi efanayo ijike yaba ziimpawu ezithelekisekayo, eziqhutywa ngumthetho, ezilungele isigqibo.ukuxhasa ngokukhawuleza, ukuhambelana ngakumbi, kunye novavanyo lwetyala olukhuselayo.

Imitya yeprofayili yentlawulo kunye neekhowudi zingundoqo ekuqondeni ukuba abathengi baseMzantsi Afrika bahlawule njani ii-akhawunti zabo zekhredithi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo-usebenzisa ingqungquthela efanelekileyo, ulwalathiso, kunye nobude-kwaye ujonge ukuwohloka, ukubuyisela, kunye nezinye iipateni kunceda abaqeqeshi bekhredithi bavavanye umngcipheko kwaye bahlangabezane nokulindelwe yiNCA. Xa loo datha ihleli kwiiPDF, ayisetyenziswa kakuhle; xa icwangcisiwe, inokuqhuba iflegi ezenzekelayo, uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo, kunye nemithetho ehambelanayo kuzo zonke iimeko. Dibana no ukuguqula iiprofayile zentlawulo zibe ziimpawu zomngcipheko kwaye ubone ukuba idata yeofisi ecwangcisiweyo iluxhasa njani uvavanyo olungaguqukiyo, oluphicothekayo.