UVavanyo lokufikeleleka eMzantsi Afrika | Isikhokelo seNCA
Ukuqonda iimfuno zovavanyo lokufikeleleka kweNCA eMzantsi Afrika, kubandakanywa iCandelo lama-81 nelama-82, amagalelo afunekayo, kunye nolawulo lwezigqibo ezilungele uphicotho-zincwadi.
Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka yinkqubo yokumisela ukuba umboleki angahlangabezana na na izibophelelo phantsi kwesivumelwano sentengo yemboleko esicetywayo okanye esikhoyo ngaphandle kokuba netyala eligqithisileyo. Phantsi koMthetho wamaTyala weSizwe (NCA), oku akunyanzelekanga—yimfuno esemthethweni kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko phambi kokuba banike intengo yetyala, kunye negalelo elingundoqo kubacebisi ngamatyala kunye nabathengi bamatyala xa bevavanya izicelo okanye izindululo zokwakhiwa ngokutsha. Kubasebenzi bekhredithi baseMzantsi Afrika, ukuqonda ukuba yintoni efunwa yi-NCA, ukwenziwa kovavanyo ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nendlela iingcali ezahlukeneyo ezilusebenzisa ngayo kubalulekile ekuthotyelweni nasekuthatheni izigqibo ezithethelelayo. Xa uhlolo lwenziwa ngesandla kwiingxelo ze-PDF bureau kunye ne-ad hoc spreadsheets, ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuphicothwa kuyaphazamiseka; ukuqulunqwa kwedatha yeziko kunye nokulinganisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wovavanyo kujongana nezo zikhewu kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba yintoni uvavanyo lokufikeleleka phantsi kwe-NCA, isiseko somthetho kumacandelo 81 kunye ne-82, amacandelo aphambili (ingeniso, ukutsalwa, izibophelelo, iindleko zokuhlala), indlela abacebisi ngamatyala, abarhwebi, kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi abayisebenzisayo, iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengozi zokuthobela, kunye nendlela idatha yekhredithi eyakhiwe ngayo ixhasa ngokukhawuleza, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuphicothwa kwedatha. Ikwanxulumanisa ukufikeleleka kwimiba enxulumeneyo: amatyala-to-ingeniso ratios, amanqaku ekhredithi, ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo, iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo, kunye uluhlu olubi.
Lunjani uVavanyo lokufikeleleka phantsi kweNCA
UMthetho weSizwe weTyala (uMthetho wama-34 ka-2005) awuchazi “uvavanyo lokufikeleleka” kwigatya elinye, kodwa ingqikelelo yakhiwe kuxanduva lokuhlolaiindlela zezimali zomboleki, izinto ezilindelekileyo, kunye nezibophelelo phambi kokuba kunikwe intengo yemboleko, kunye nothintelo lokubolekisa ngemali ngokungakhathali kunye nokwandisa intengo yemboleko kubathengi abasele benamatyala ngokugqithisileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, uvavanyo lokufikeleleka luvandlakanyo lokuba ngaba umboleki unengeniso eyaneleyo na—emva kokutsalwa kwemali ngokomthetho, ukuhlawulwa kwamatyala asele ekho, kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo zokuphila—ukuze enze inkonzo kwityala elicetywayo (okanye elihlengahlengisiweyo) ngaphandle kokusilela.
Uvavanyo lujonge phambili. Akwanelanga ukujonga ukuba umthengi ukhoyo ngoku kwiiakhawunti ezikhoyo namhlanje; kufuneka uqwalasele ukuba ngaba baya kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibophelelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ebomini bezivumelwano. Oko kufuna ukujonga ukuzinza kwengeniso, ishedyuli epheleleyo yeentlawulo ezikhoyo, kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo zokuphila. Isiphumo sazisa ukuba kufuneka kunikezelwe ngetyala elitsha kusini na, nokuba umboleki unamatyala amaninzi na kwaye kufuneka adluliselwe kuhlaziyo lwetyala, okanye indlela isindululo sohlengahlengiso lwetyala kufuneka sakhiwe njani ukuze iintlawulo zihlale zihleli.
Kubasebenzi bekhredithi, uvavanyo lokufikeleleka yibhulorho phakathi kwe-ofisi ekrwada kunye nedatha yesicelo kunye nesigqibo: isibonelelo, ukwehla, okanye uhlengahlengiso. Ukuyenza impazamo—mhlawumbi ngokushiya amanyathelo, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingangqinelaniyo, okanye ukusilela ukubhala—kudala umngcipheko womthetho nowolawulo. Ukuyilungisa kuthetha ukusebenzisa indlela ecacileyo, ukusebenzisa idatha epheleleyo neqinisekisiweyo, nokugcina ikhonkco elinokulandeleka phakathi kwedatha esetyenzisiweyo kunye nesigqibo ekufikelelwe kuso.
IiMfuno zoMthetho: iCandelo lama-81 nelama-82
ICandelo lama-81 le-NCA limisela uvavanyoisibophelelo kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko. Phambi kokungena kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya ukuqonda ngokubanzi komboleki malunga neengozi neendleko zentengo yemboleko ecetywayo, amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo phantsi kwesivumelwano sentengo yemboleko, kunye nembali yokuhlawula ityala lomboleki. Umniki-nkonzo kufuneka kwakhona athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zemali ezikhoyo zomboleki, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo. Uvavanyo kufuneka lusekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo kumniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, kubandakanywa nolwazi olunikezelwe ngumboleki kunye neenkcukacha ezifunyenwe kwiziko eligcina inkcazelo ngeentengo zemboleko.
ICandelo lama-82 liyakubethelela oku ngokufuna ukuba umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko angangeni kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko engakhange aqale athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya ukuqonda komboleki, imbali yokuhlawula ityala, kunye neendlela zezimali kunye nezibophelelo. Ngamanye amazwi, uxanduva lucacile kwaye lunyanzelekile. “Amanyathelo afanelekileyo” atolikwa njengenkqubo efanelekileyo-ukuqinisekisa ingeniso apho kunokwenzeka, ukuphonononga idatha ye-bureau kwiimbophelelo ezikhoyo, kunye nokuqwalasela iindleko zokuhlala-kungekhona ibhokisi lokuphawula nje. I-National Credit Regulator (NCR) ilindele ukuba abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko babhale oko kuvavanyiweyo kunye nendlela ekufikelelwe ngayo kwisigqibo.
Ikhonkco lokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali lithe ngqo. Phantsi kweCandelo lama-80, intengo yemboleko ayinankathalo ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko usilele ukwenza uhlolo olululo (iCandelo 80(1)(a)), okanye ungene kwisivumelwano nangona esazi okanye enesizathu sokwazi ukuba umboleki ubenamatyala ngokugqithisileyo (iCandelo 80(1)(b)(ii)). Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka olomeleleyo ke ngoko lukhuselongokuchasene nezityholo zokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali: kubonisa ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo athatyathiweyo kwaye isigqibo sasisekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo. Xa kuchongwa ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo, uvavanyo kufuneka luxhase isigqibo sokunganiki ikhredithi eyongezelelekileyo (okanye yokuhlengahlengisa), kwaye xa ikhredithi inikezelwe, kufuneka ixhase isigqibo sokuba umboleki unokulihlawula. Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga nokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali kunye nezibophelelo zovavanyo, jonga inqaku lethu kuukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali phantsi kweNCA.
Amacandelo oVavanyo lokufikeleleka
Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lokufikeleleka ludibanisa amacandelo amaninzi. Umxube ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhredithi, isixa, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yomniki-tyala okanye ingcali, kodwa ezi zinto zilandelayo zisemgangathweni.
Ukutsalwa kwengeniso kunye nomthetho
Ingeniso epheleleyo yindawo yokuqala: umvuzo, imivuzo, iikhomishini, ingeniso yerenti, ingeniso yeshishini, okanye enye ingeniso eqhelekileyo umthengi anokuyibonisa. Kubasebenzi, iipayslips ngowona mthombo uphambili; kubathengi abazisebenzelayo, iimbuyekezo zerhafu, iingxelo zebhanki, okanye ii-akhawunti eziphicothiweyo zinokusetyenziswa. Ingeniso kufuneka ingqinisiswe kunokuba yamkelwe ngokwexabiso elililo, ingakumbi kumaziko amakhulu.
Utsalo-mali olusemthethweni—i-PAYE, i-UIF, ipenshini okanye iminikelo ye-provident fund, kunye nolunye utsalo olusisinyanzelo—kufuneka lutsalwe ukuze kufikelelwe kwingeniso eshiyekileyo (ukugoduswa nayo). Izibalo ezininzi zokufikeleleka zisebenzisa ingeniso eshiyekileyo njengesiseko somlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso kunye nengeniso echithwayo, kuba yiloo nto umthengi ayifumanayo nyanga nganye. Ukusebenzisa ingeniso epheleleyo ngaphandle kokunika ingxelo ngokuxhuzulwa kugqithise umthamo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuboneleleniItyala elingafikelelekiyo ngokwenene.
Izibophelelo zetyala esele zikhona
Izibophelelo ezikhoyo ziintlawulo zenyanga (okanye ubuncinane beentlawulo) umboleki sele ezibophelele kuzo phantsi kwezivumelwano zangoku zeentengo zemboleko. Owona mthombo uthembekileyo yingxelo ye-credit bureau: idwelisa ii-akhawunti ezisebenzayo, iibhalansi, izavenge, kunye nobume bentlawulo. Ngaphandle komfanekiso opheleleyo wetyala elikhoyo, naluphi na ubalo lokufikeleleka aluphelelanga. Izibophelelo zokunika ingxelo ngaphantsi-umzekelo, ii-akhawunti ezingekhoyo ezivela kwi-bureau kodwa zingachazwanga ngumthengi-ngunobangela oqhelekileyo wokufikeleleka okugqithisileyo kunye nokusilela kamva.
Iingxelo zeBureau ezisuka Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, okanye abanye ababoneleli zimbindi. Zifanele zifundwe ngenyameko ukuze kubonwe zonke iindawo ezifuna intlawulo yenyanga, kuquka amakhadi evenkile, iimali-mboleko zobuqu, imali yemoto, imali-mboleko yezindlu, nayo nayiphi na enye ikhredithi. Isixa sezibophelelo sisetyenziswa kwi ityala-to-ingeniso ratio kwaye ekubaleni umvuzo olahlwayo emva kwenkonzo yetyala.
Iindleko zokuphila
Emva kokutsalwa kwengeniso kunye nomthetho, umboleki kufuneka ahlawule iindleko zokuhlala phambi kokuba nayiphi na intsalela ifakwe etyaleni. Iindleko zokuphila zibandakanya indlu (irenti okanye indlu), izinto eziluncedo, izithuthi, ukutya, imfundo, iindleko zonyango, i-inshorensi kunye nenye inkcitho eyimfuneko. I-NCA kunye ne-National Credit Regulations ayimiseli ndlela enye; ukusebenza kuyahluka phakathi kokusebenzisa iindleko ezichaziweyo (kumthengi), ibhenchmark okanye amanani aqhelekileyo (afana nalawo apapashwe nguNCR okanye asetyenziswe kuphononongo lwamatyala), okanye indibaniselwano.
Apho zikhoyo iindleko zesiqhelo okanye zokulinganisaesetyenzisiweyo-umzekelo, izikhokelo ze-NCR okanye imimiselo yoshishino kwiibhanti zengeniso ezahlukeneyo-uvavanyo lusemgangathweni kwaye luxhomekeke kancinci kwizibhengezo ezinokuthi zibe ngaphantsi okanye ezingachanekanga zabathengi. Apho iindleko zokoqobo zisetyenziswayo, kufuneka zingqinisiswe (umz. ngeengxelo zebhanki) apho kunokwenzeka. Injongo kukusebenzisa uqikelelo olufanelekileyo lweendleko zokuphila ukwenzela ukuba imali eseleyo “elahlayo”-emva kokutsalwa kwemali, ukubuyiswa kwetyala esele ikho, kunye neendleko zokuhlala-linani eliqinisekileyo lokunikezela ngetyala elitsha okanye elihlengahlengisiweyo.
Ukuyidibanisa: ingeniso enokulahlwa kunye ne-DTI
Ingeniso echithwayo idla ngokubalwa njengentsalela yomvuzo kuthatyathwe kutsalo-mali olusemthethweni (ukuba ayisiyontsalela), kuthatyathwe iintlawulo zamatyala asele zikhona, kuthatyathwe iindleko zokuphila. Isavenge esitsha esicetywayo (okanye izavenge ezihlengahlengisiweyo kwisindululo sophononongo lwetyala) kufuneka silingane kulo mvuzo unokulahlwa. Ukongeza, uninzi lwabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabacebisi bamatyala basebenzisa i- ityala-to-ingeniso ratio (DTI) njenge-cap: iintlawulo zenyanga zizonke zeentlawulo zetyala (ezikhoyo kunye nesiphakamiso) njengepesenti yengeniso eshiyekileyo akufuneki igqithe kwi-threshold (umz. 40% yekhredithi engakhuselekanga). Umlinganiselo we-DTI yimetric elula, enokuthelekiseka exhasa ukungaguquguquki kubo bonke abavavanyi nakuzo zonke iimeko; kufuneka isetyenziswe ecaleni kwengqiqo epheleleyo yengeniso-mali elahlayo, hayi njengendawo yokutshintsha.
Iingcali ezohlukeneyo zilusebenzisa njani uvavanyo lokufikeleleka
Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka lusetyenziswa ngabacebisi ngamatyala, ii-credit brokers, kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi. Isibophelelo somthetho sokwenza uhlolo phambi kokunikezelwa kwekhredithi siwela kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko; abacebisi bamatyala kunye nabarhwebi basebenziseUhlalutyo lokufikeleleka ukuxhasa iindima zabo-izindululo zophononongo lwetyala kunye nokufaneleka kwangaphambili-kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zabo zihambelana nokulindelwe yiNCA.
Abacebisi ngamatyala: uphononongo lwamatyala kunye nezindululo zohlengahlengiso
Abacebisi kuTyala kufuneka bahlole ukuba ngaba umboleki usematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, baphuhlise isindululo sokuhlengahlengiswa kwetyala ukuze intlawulo ihlale ihleli. Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka lusisiseko: ingeniso, imali exhuzulwayo, izibophelelo ezikhoyo (ezisuka kwiingxelo zeofisi), kunye neendleko zokuhlala zidityanisiwe ukumisela ukuba yimalini na umboleki anokuhlawula ngokwenyani nyanga nganye kubo bonke abatyalwayo. Isindululo sikwabelwa isixa-mali kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko nganye, rhoqo ngezavenge ezincitshisiweyo okanye imiqathango eyandisiweyo, kwaye sithunyelwa kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko ukuze baqwalaselwe.
Kubacebisi ngamatyala, ukungaguquguquki kubalulekile. I-NCR ilindele ukuba izindululo zisekelwe kuvavanyo olufanelekileyo lweendlela zemali kunye nezibophelelo, kunye nezibalo ezicacileyo kunye namaxwebhu. Ukutsalwa ngesandla kwedatha ye-akhawunti kwiingxelo ze-PDF bureau, imilinganiselo yeendleko ze-ad hoc, kunye ne-spreadsheets ezahlukileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zidala ukungangqinelani kunye nomngcipheko wophicotho. Xa idatha ye-bureau icwangcisiwe-ii-akhawunti, ibhalansi, izavenge, kunye iiprofayili zentlawulo kwimihlaba engaguqukiyo-ingqiqo yovavanyo efanayo inokusetyenziswa kuwo wonke umxhasi, kwaye ikhonkco phakathi kwedatha ye-bureau kunye nesiphakamiso sicacile kwaye siyakhuseleka.
Abathengisi bamatyala: isiqinisekiso sangaphambili kunye nongqamaniso lwababolekisi
Abathengi bamatyala abaziniki ngokwabo ngetyala kodwa banceda abathengi ukuba bafumane intengo yemboleko efanelekileyo kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko. Isiqinisekiso sangaphambili sihlala sibandakanya ukukhangela ukufikeleleka:ingeniso, iindleko, kunye nezibophelelo esele zikhona ziyajongwa kwakhona ukuze kuqikelelwe ukuba umthengi unokufikelela kangakanani na, ukuze umrhwebi akwazi ukuzithelekisa neemveliso ezifanelekileyo kwaye aphephe ukungenisa izicelo ezinokuthi zingamkelwa. Oku kukhusela umthengi (imibuzo enzima embalwa engeyomfuneko) kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komthengisi.
Abarhwebi ngokuqhelekileyo baxhomekeke kwiibhloko zokwakha ezifanayo-ukuqinisekiswa kwengeniso, iingxelo ze-bureau zamatyala akhoyo, kunye noqikelelo lweendleko-kodwa isiphumo sisincomo okanye i-pre-qualification kunesigqibo sokuboleka imali. Ukungaguquguquki kwindlela i-data ye-bureau efundwa ngayo kunye nokubalwa kwexabiso lokufikeleleka kusebalulekile: iqinisekisa ukuba isiqinisekiso sangaphambili sithembekile kwaye inkqubo yomthengisi inobuchule kwaye iyaphicothwa. Idatha ye-bureau eyakhiweyo ixhasa ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusetyenziswa okungaguqukiyo kweenqobo zangaphakathi okanye zababolekisi.
Ababoneleli ngetyala: izigqibo zokubolekisa ngemali kunye nokuthotyelwa
Abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko ngokusemthethweni kufuneka benze uhlolo lokufikeleleka phambi kokuba bangene kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko. Bamele bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zemali, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo; ukusebenzisa i-bureau kunye nolwazi olunikezelwe ngabathengi; kunye noxwebhu lovavanyo. Isigqibo sokuvuma okanye ukulandula kufuneka sithetheleleke ngokwesiseko solo vavanyo. Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umboleki akanako ukuhlawula ikhredithi okanye sele enamatyala ngokugqithisileyo, umniki-nkonzo kufuneka ale (okanye enze ulwahlulo olumxinwa kakhulu ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo).
Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko bajongene nowona mthwalo uphakamileyo wokuthotyelwa: kufuneka babonise kwi-NCR nakwiinkundla ukuba uhlolo lwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwayeukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali akuzange kwenzeke. Iikhrayitheriya ezingahambelaniyo, amaxwebhu alahlekileyo, okanye ukungakwazi ukudibanisa ingxelo ye-bureau kunye nokubala kwisigqibo kudala ingozi enkulu. Ukuqulunqwa kwedatha yeziko ukuze inxulunyaniswe nesicelo, ukusebenzisa ukufikeleleka okusemgangathweni kunye nemithetho ye-DTI, kunye nokugcina umkhondo wophicotho olupheleleyo ukusuka kutsalo lwengxelo ukuya kwisigqibo sisiseko semali-mboleko enokuthethelelwa. Amanqaku etyala kunye nezalathi zomngcipheko ezisuka kwiziko elixhasa ukufikeleleka; aziyithathi indawo yemfuno yovavanyo olufanelekileyo lokufikeleleka phantsi kwecandelo lama-81 nelama-82.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemingcipheko yokuThobela Xa uVavanyo lusenziwa ngesandla
Xa uvavanyo lokufikeleleka lwenziwa ngesandla-ukufunda iingxelo ze-PDF bureau, ukuchwetheza amanani kwi-spreadsheets, kunye nokusebenzisa isigwebo se-ad hoc-iingxaki ezininzi ezinokuqikelelwa ziyavela. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukukhusela izigqibo.
Ukuthatyathwa okungaphelelanga okanye okungangqinelaniyo kwezibophelelo ezikhoyo. Iingxelo zeBureau zidwelisa ii-akhawunti ezininzi; ukukopa ngesandla ibhalansi kunye nezavenge kwi-spreadsheet kunempazamo. Iiakhawunti zinokuphoswa, amanani angatshintshwa, okanye iingxelo eziphelelwe lixesha zinokusetyenziswa. Isiphumo ngumfanekiso ongacacanga wetyala elikhoyo kunye nokufikeleleka ngokugqithisileyo. Xa ingxelo efanayo ifundwa ngabahlalutyi abahlukeneyo, uluhlu lwezibophelelo lunokwahluka, ngoko ke abathengi abafanayo abavavanywa kwinqanaba lokudlala.
Akukho mthombo mnye wenyaniso onxulumanisa ingxelo kwisigqibo. Xa ingxelo ye-bureau iyi-PDF kwifolda kunye nokubalwa kokufikeleleka kwi-spreadsheet okanye ifom eyahlukileyo, akukho khonkco luqinisekisiweyo phakathi “kwentoIngxelo ithi “kwaye “esagqibayo.” Abaphicothi-zincwadi kunye ne-NCR balindele ukubona ukuba yeyiphi ingxelo esetyenzisiweyo, xa itsalwa, kunye nendlela amanani kuvavanyo athathwe ngayo.
Usetyenziso oluguquguqukayo lwemimiselo yeendleko kunye nemilinganiselo ye-DTI. Omnye umvavanyi unokusebenzisa iseti enye yemilinganiselo yeendleko; omnye unokusebenzisa iindleko ezichaziweyo kuphela; omnye unokusebenzisa ikepusi ye-DTI eyahlukileyo. Ngaphandle kwemithetho esemgangathweni, umthengi omnye unokuvavanywa ngokwahlukileyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani ophethe ityala. Oko kungangqinelani kujongela phantsi ubulungisa kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukubonisa ukuba “amanyathelo afanelekileyo” asetyenziswe ngokufanayo.
Ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo kwizibhengezo zabathengi ngaphandle kolungelelwaniso lweziko. Ukuba uvavanyo lusekwe ikakhulu kwinto ebhengezwa ngumthengi, ngaphandle kolungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lweziko, izibophelelo zinokuphoswa kunye nokufikeleleka kubaxisiwe. Iingxelo ze-Bureau kufuneka zibe ngowona mthombo uphambili kwizibophelelo ezikhoyo zetyala; izibhengezo kufuneka zitshekishwe ngokuchasene nedatha ye-bureau.
Ukuphathwa kakubi kwe uluhlu olubi kunye ne iiprofayili zentlawulo. Izigwebo, ukungagqibeki, kunye nembali yentlawulo embi ichaphazela zombini umngcipheko kunye nokufikeleleka (umzekelo. ukuba isigwebo sihlawulwe ngomyalelo wegarnishee, oko kunciphisa ingeniso elahlwayo). Ukufundwa kweengxelo ngesandla kunokuphoswa okanye kuzihlele kakuhle ezi, nto leyo ekhokelela kuvavanyo olungagqitywanga. Idatha eyakhiweyo ivumela ulwazi olubi kunye neekhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo ukuba zifakwe iflegi ngokuqhubekayo kwaye zibandakanywe kwingqiqo yovavanyo.
Akukho mkhondo wophicotho. Xa kungekhoirekhodi efakwe istampu sexesha yengxelo esetyenzisiweyo, yeyiphi inguqulelo yokubala esetyenzisiweyo, okanye ngubani owamkele isigqibo, ukuzithethelela kwisityholo semali-mboleko engenankathalo okanye uphicotho-zincwadi lwe-NCR kunzima kakhulu. Iinkqubo zemanyuwali zihlala zixhomekeke kumanqaku angekho sikweni nakwiifayile ezahlukeneyo; umzila wophicotho ocacileyo, ongenakuguqulwa ufuna idatha ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi orekhoda inyathelo ngalinye.
Indlela yoLwakhiwo lweDatha yeBurena eluphucula ngayo uVavanyo lokufikeleleka
Ukuqulunqwa kwedatha ye-bureau kuthetha ukuguqula umxholo weengxelo zekhredithi-ukusuka kwi-Experian, i-Datanamix, i-TransUnion, okanye enye i-bureaux-kwiindawo ezingaguqukiyo, ezibuzwayo: ii-akhawunti, iibhalansi, izavenge, imitya yeprofayili yentlawulo, izigwebo, ukungagqibeki, kunye nolunye ulwazi olubi. Loo nguqulelo ayitshintshi idatha esisiseko; iyatshintsha indlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo. Ukuhlola ukufikeleleka, izibonelelo zithe ngqo.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo. Endaweni yokuskrola kwiiPDF kunye nokuphinda ubhale amanani, abaphononongi babona umbono oqhelekileyo wokuvezwa kunye nezibophelelo. Ityala lilonke elikhoyo, izavenge zenyanga zizonke, kunye ne-DTI ingabalwa kumacandelo amiselweyo ngemizuzwana. Iinkqubo zomthamo ophezulu zingaqhuba amatyala amaninzi ngaphandle komlinganiselo wabasebenzi abaninzi, kunye namaxesha okuguqula izindululo zokuphononongwa kwamatyala okanye ukufaneleka kwangaphambili kwe-broker.
Ukungaguquguquki. Kwale migaqo ifanayo—ekuthi iakhawunti leyo ibalwa njengezibophelelo, indlela izavenge ezishwankathelwa ngayo, zeziphi izithethe zeendleko ezisebenzayo, loluphi umlinganiselo osetyenziswayo we-DTI—inokusetyenziswa kwimeko nganye. Abathengi abafanayo bafumana iimvavanyo ezifanayo. Oko kunciphisa ukungafani phakathi kwabavavanyi, kuxhasa ubulungisa, kwaye kwenza kube lula ukubonisa kwi-NCR ukubakusetyenziswa indlela esemgangathweni.
Ukuphicothwa kwedatha. Xa idatha ye-bureau igcinwe kwifom ecwangcisiweyo kwaye inxulunyaniswe nesicelo okanye imeko, indlela esuka “kwingxelo” ukuya “kubalo” ukuya “kwisigqibo” icacile. Inyathelo ngalinye linokubekwa isitampu sexesha kwaye liyalelwe. Ukuba umthengi okanye umlawuli ubuza imibuzo ngesigqibo, i-firm inokubuyisela idatha yengxelo echanekileyo esetyenzisiweyo, iifomyula ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nesiphumo, ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwakhona kwiphepha kunye neePDF. Oko kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuzikhusela ngokuchasene namabango emboleko angakhathali.
Ukudityaniswa nokubasematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kunye nomngcipheko. Idatha eyakhiwe ivumela ukufikeleleka kwengqondo ukuba kudityaniswe ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo ne-thresholds, amanqaku ekhredithi okanye izalathisi zomngcipheko, kunye iprofayile yentlawulo kunye uluhlu olubi nemithetho kwindlela yokusebenza enye. Uvavanyo luba yinkqubo enye, ephindaphindwayo ezoba kwimboniselo efanayo ye-bureau kumxhasi ngamnye, iphucula zombini isantya kunye nokhuseleko.
Ukufikeleleka Okunxulumana njani naManqaku eTyala, i-DTI, ukuba semaTyala ngokugqithisileyo, kunye neeProfayili zeNtlawulo
Ukufikeleleka ngumyinge omnye wovavanyo lwetyala; isebenza kunye nezinye iikhonsepthi ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bamatyala mihla le.
Umlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso (DTI). I-ityala-to-ingeniso ratio sesona sishwankathelo simetriki sixhaphake ngokufikeleleka: lilonke intlawulo yetyala lenyanga njengepesenti yomvuzo oshiyekileyo. Linani elilula, elinokuthelekiseka elinokuthi ligcinwe ngumgaqo-nkqubo (umzekelo, i-40% yekhredithi engakhuselekanga). I-DTI ithathwa kumanqaku afanayo novavanyo olupheleleyo lokufikeleleka-ingeniso, izibophelelo ezikhoyo kwi-bureau, kunye nesavenge esitsha esicetywayo-kwaye sihlala sisetyenziswa njengesihluzo sokuqala phambi kwengeniso enokulahlwa.ukubala.
Amanqaku etyala. Iofisi kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi basebenzisa amanqaku ekhredithi ukushwankathela umngcipheko ngokusekelwe kwimbali yentlawulo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nezinye iimeko. Amanqaku abonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusilela kodwa akubonisi, ngokwalo, ukuba umboleki anganakho na ukuhlawula amatyala amaninzi. Ukufikeleleka kuvavanya umthamo; amanqaku avavanya ukuziphatha kunye nomngcipheko. Zombini kufuneka zisetyenziswe: amanqaku aphezulu akakuthetheleli ukutsiba uvavanyo lokufikeleleka, kwaye isiphumo esifanelekileyo sokufikeleleka asithathi indawo yesidingo sokuthathela ingqalelo imbali yentlawulo kunye iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo xa kuhlolwa umngcipheko.
Ukuba namatyala ngokugqithisileyo. Phantsi kweNCA, umboleki uba netyala eligqithisileyo xa ulwazi olukhoyo lubonisa ukuba akanakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibophelelo zentengo yemboleko ngexesha elifanelekileyo. I-LINK_22_ ke ngoko inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokufikeleleka: isebenzisa iibhloko zokwakha ezifanayo (ingeniso, izibophelelo, iindleko) ukumisela ukuba umsebenzisi sele engaphaya kwamandla abo. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, uvavanyo lokufikeleleka lusisiseko sokufunyanwa kokutshona kakhulu ematyaleni kunye nesindululo sohlengahlengiso. Kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, ukugqiba kwelokuba umboleki usematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kufanele kukhokhelele ekwehleni intengo yemboleko entsha (okanye ekubhalweni okushiyekileyo okumxinwa) ukuphepha ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali.
Iiprofayile zentlawulo kunye noluhlu olubi. Iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo bonisa indlela umthengi ahlawule ngayo i-akhawunti nganye ekuhambeni kwexesha; uluhlu olubi (izigwebo, ukungagqibeki, imiyalelo yolawulo) ibonisa iziganeko ezimbi ezimbi. Bazisa umngcipheko kunye nokuziphatha kodwa kunye nokufikeleleka: umzekelo, isigwebo esinomyalelo osebenzayo wegarnishee siyayinciphisa ingeniso elahlayo, kwaye ukuhlawulwa okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubabonisa ukuba izibophelelo zangoku sele zingafikeleleki. Xa idatha ye-bureau icwangcisiwe, ezi zinto zinokubandakanywa kuhambo lomsebenzi wovavanyo olufanayo ukuze ukufikeleleka kunye nomngcipheko zivavanywe kunye.
Nciphisa ixesha loVavanyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kweNCA
Uvavanyo lokufikeleleka phantsi kweNCA lunyanzelekile kubanikezeli betyala kunye nombindi wabacebisi bamatyala kunye neebroker. Ukuzifumana zichanekile kufuna indlela ecacileyo, iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo zeziko, amacandelo asemgangathweni (ingeniso, uxhuzulo, izibophelelo, iindleko), kunye nekhonkco elilandelekayo phakathi kwedatha esetyenzisiweyo kunye nesigqibo. Iinkqubo zeManuwali ezixhomekeke kwiingxelo zePDF kunye ne-ad hoc spreadsheets zenza ukungahambelani, iimpazamo, kunye nomngcipheko wokuthotyelwa; ukuqulunqa idatha yeofisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho engaguqukiyo kwenza uhlolo lube msinya, lungaguquguquki, kwaye luphicotheke.
Dibana no ukubhukisha idemo kwaye ubone ukuba idatha yetyala ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhamba okusemgangathweni okufikelelekayo kunokunciphisa ixesha lovavanyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuthobela kwakho kweNCA kuyakhuseleka.