UVavanyo LwaMatyala Ngokugqithisileyo eMzantsi Afrika

Ukumisela ukuba ngaba umboleki unamatyala agqithisileyo kusini na kungundoqo kukokubini ukuboleka okunoxanduva kunye nokuphononongwa kwetyala phantsi kweNational Credit Act (NCA). Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka bavavanye umngcipheko wokuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo phambi kokuba banike ikhredithi; abacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka benze uphando olusesikweni xa abathengi befaka isicelo sokuphononongwa kwamatyala. Nangona kunjalo uvavanyo olusemthethweni lulula ukuluchaza kwaye kaninzi kunzima ukulusebenzisa xa usebenza. Idatha engaphelelanga, iindlela zokubala ezingahambelaniyo, kunye neendlela ezingacacanga zophicotho zinokushiya uvavanyo luvulekele umngeni. Eli nqaku lichaza inkcazo yomthetho yokuboleka ngokugqithisileyo, indlela evavanywa ngayo ekusebenzeni, ngubani owenza isigqibo malunga nokuba yeyiphi imeko, kwaye yeyiphi idatha kunye neenkqubo ezifunekayo kwiziphumo ezikhuselekileyo, ezihambelanayo. Ngesakhelo esibanzi esidibanisa ukufikeleleka kunye nokuba netyala eligqithileyo kunye, bona i- Isikhokelo sovavanyo lokufikeleleka.

INkcazelo esemthethweni yokuTyala ngokugqithisileyo (Icandelo 79)

ICandelo lama-79 le-NCA lichaza ukuba ngamatyala ngokugqithisileyo kwisivakalisi esinye. Umboleki usematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo ukuba “ukubekwa kwangaphambili kolwazi olukhoyo lubonisa ukuba umboleki okanye akanakukwazi ukwanelisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo zonke izibophelelo phantsi kwezivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko apho umboleki ayinxalenye yazo.”

Izinto ezintathu zibalulekile. Okokuqala, uvavanyo lujonge phambili: lubuza ukuba ngaba umthengi unako okanye akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo. Amatyala akhoyo ngoku afanelekile, kodwa kukwanjalo ngezavenge zexesha elizayo, utshintsho lwemilinganiselo, nokuzinza kweentlawulo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Okwesibini, umgangatho “kukugqithiswa kolwazi olukhoyo” - hayi ubungqina obungathandabuzekiyo, kodwa ubungakanani bento ekhoyo ngokufanelekileyo. Oko kuqukaulwazi oluvela kumboleki, olusuka kwiziko lamatyala, nakuwuphi na omnye umthombo oqokelelwe ngexesha lovavanyo. Okwesithathu, kugxilwe kuko zonke izibophelelo phantsi kwezivumelwano zetyala. Umboleki usematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo xa engakwazi ukuhlangabezana neseti epheleleyo yezibophelelo, ingeyiyo kuphela i-akhawunti enye okanye ezimbini.

Inkcazo ayicacisi ifomula ethile okanye umlinganiselo. Ngokwesiqhelo, esona sixhobo sisetyenziswayo kukuthelekisa izibophelelo zenyanga zizonke kwingeniso ekhoyo emva kweendleko ezifanelekileyo - yiyo loo nto i-ityala-to-ingeniso ratio iyimethrikhi engundoqo yokumisela ukuba netyala eligqithileyo. Ulungelelwaniso lulodwa alugqibeki ngokwasemthethweni; zibubungqina ekufuneka buqwalaselwe kunye nokuzinza kwengeniso, amanqanaba enkcitho, kunye nokuziphatha kwentlawulo. I-NCA ishiya indawo yokugweba ngobungcali ngaphakathi kovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo.

Indlela Amatyala Angaphaya Ngayo Avavanywa ngayo xa Uziqhelanisa

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukutshona ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kuvavanywa ngokuthelekisa izibophelelo zizonke zomboleki kwingeniso efumanekayo emva kwenkcitho.

Zizonke izibophelelo

Zonke izibophelelo eziqhubekayo phantsi kwezivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko kufuneka zibandakanywe: izavenge zebhondi okanye isithuthi, imali-mboleko yobuqu, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala (ubuncinane okanye iintlawulo zekhontrakthi), ii-akhawunti zevenkile, kunye nayo nayiphi na enye ikhredithi efuna intlawulo ngamaxesha athile. Ibhalansi kunye nezixa zezavenge kufuneka zithathwe kolona lwazi lukhoyo lukhoyo - ngokufanelekileyo kwidatha ye-credit bureau kunye neengxelo zeakhawunti. Izinto ezishiyiweyo ziyawugqwetha umfanekiso: ukuba lilinye kuphela i-ofisi etsaliweyo okanye kubanjwe iiakhawunti ezithile kuphela, izibophelelo zizonke ziya kujongelwa phantsi kwaye umboleki unokubonakala enakho ukuhlawula intengo ngempazamo okanye ngempazamo.inokukhutshwa ngokungafanelekanga kuphononongo lwamatyala.

Ingeniso ekhoyo kunye neendleko

Ingeniso kufuneka ingqinisiswe apho kunokwenzeka khona — iipayslips, izitetimenti zebhanki, okanye amanye amaxwebhu — kwaye kufuneka ibonise ingeniso ezinzileyo, eqhubekayo kunemali enye. Ukusuka apho, iindleko ezifanelekileyo zokuphila zitsalwa. Iindleko kunzima ukuziqinisekisa kunengeniso; abaphononongi abaninzi basebenzisa iindleko ezibhengeziweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiitshekhi ezisengqiqweni, okanye umlinganiselo wenkcitho wokulinganisa ngokwenqanaba lengeniso. Okushiyekileyo yintshiyekela ekhoyo yokuhlawula amatyala. Ukuba iimbophelelo zamatyala enyanga zizonke zidlula loo ntshiyekela (okanye zisebenzisa isabelo esikhulu somvuzo kangangokuba iindleko zokuphila eziyimfuneko zinokuthotywa), umboleki usenokuba netyala eligqithisileyo.

Indima yokuziphatha kwentlawulo kunye neempawu zonxunguphalo

Imbali yentlawulo kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo zixhasa okanye zichasa amanani. Umboleki onomlinganiselo ophezulu wetyala-kwingeniso kodwa irekhodi yentlawulo ecocekileyo inokulawula; enye enomlinganiselo ofanayo kodwa uluhlu olubi okanye ukungagqibeki kucacile ngakumbi emngciphekweni. Iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo kwiingxelo zeofisi zibonelela ngobungqina bokuziphatha kwentlawulo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Le miba ayithathi indawo yesibophelelo/uthelekiso lwengeniso kodwa inceda ukuyitolika kwaye ixhase isigqibo esibambekayo sokuba umboleki okanye akanakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibophelelo kwangethuba.

Indima yoMcebisi kuMatyala eMboleko: ukuMisela ngokusesikweni kuPhononongo lweTyala (iCandelo lama-86)

Xa umboleki esenza isicelo sokuphononongwa kwetyala phantsi kweCandelo lama-86 le-NCA, umcebisi wamatyala kufuneka enze isigqibo esisesikweni sokutshona kakhulu ematyaleni. Oko kuzimisela kuyindlela yokuya kuyo yonke inkqubo: ukuba umthengi akakhounetyala kakhulu, isicelo sokuphononongwa kwetyala asiqhubeki; ukuba kunjalo, umcebisi usebenza nomboleki kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi ukucebisa uhlengahlengiso.

Umcebisi wamatyala kufuneka aqokelele ulwazi olupheleleyo - uluhlu lweakhawunti epheleleyo, ibhalansi, izavenge, umvuzo kunye neendleko - kwaye asebenzise uvavanyo lweCandelo 79. Kulo mxholo, uhlolo ludla ngokuba luneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kunetshekhi yaphambi kwegranti ngumniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko: umcebisi uthatha isigqibo sokuba umboleki ufanelekile na kwinkqubo yomthetho eya kuchaphazela izivumelwano ezininzi. Amaxwebhu kufuneka acokiseke kwaye angqinelane nokulindelwe yi-NCR. Iifemu ezininzi zisebenzisa isoftware yokucebisa amatyala ukuqulunqa idatha yeziko, ukugcina ukungaguquguquki kokubala, kunye nokugcina umkhondo wophicotho lwendlela ekufikelelwe kuyo ukutshona ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo.

Okufunyenweyo okusesikweni makubhalwe phantsi kwaye kugcinwe ukuze kuphicothwe. Ukunxulumanisa okufunyenweyo kwidatha esisiseko (eziphi ii-akhawunti, ezilinganisa, ngawaphi amanani engeniso kunye neendleko) kuqinisekisa ukuba umiselo lunokucaciswa kwaye lukhuselwe ukuba kucelwa umngeni ngumniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko okanye kujongwe kwakhona yi-NCR.

IiMboleko zabaBoneleli-tyala: UVavanyo lwaMatyala aNgakumbi phambi kokuba uBonelele ngeTyala (Amacandelo 81–82)

Ababoneleli ngetyala banomsebenzi owahlukileyo kodwa onxulumeneyo. Phantsi kweCandelo lama-81 nelama-82, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka athabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zezimali ezikhoyo zomboleki, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo phambi kokuba angene kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko. Olo vavanyo kufuneka lubandakanye ukuba ngaba umboleki sele enamatyala ngokugqithisileyo. Ukunika enye ikhredithi umboleki otshone ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekubolekeni ngokungenankathalo phantsi kweCandelo80(1)(b)(ii): umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko uthathwa esazi okanye enesizathu sokwazi ukuba umboleki ebenamatyala agqithisileyo.

Ngoko ke ukuhamba koku: (1) kuvavanya ukufikeleleka kunye nokuba netyala eligqithisileyo kusetyenziswa ulwazi olukhoyo; (2) ukuba umboleki unetyala elingaphezulu, unganikezeli (okanye ube nesizathu esimxinwa, esibhaliweyo ngokuhlukileyo); (3) bhala uvavanyo kunye neenkcukacha ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iibhloko zokwakha ezifanayo zisebenza njengabacebisi bamatyala - izibophelelo ezipheleleyo, ingeniso eqinisekisiweyo, iindleko ezifanelekileyo, kunye nendlela ehambelanayo - kodwa injongo kukulawulwa komngcipheko kwangaphambili kunye nokuthotyelwa kweNCA, kungekhona ukufunyanwa ngokutsha kwetyala elisemthethweni.

Yeyiphi iDatha efunekayo kuVavanyo oluthembekileyo

Uvavanyo oluthembekileyo lokutshona ematyaleni luxhomekeke kwidatha epheleleyo, yangoku.

Izibophelelo zetyala. Udinga uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezivumelwano zetyala: uhlobo lwe-akhawunti, ibhalansi, isixa-mali sezavenge, ixesha, kunye nobume bentlawulo. I-Bureau-bureau itsalwa ngokufuthi iphosa ii-akhawunti ezigcinwe kwamanye amaziko, ngoko ke izibophelelo zinokujongelwa phantsi. Apho kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa i-multi-bureau okanye idatha ehlanganisiweyo ukuze kufakwe yonke ikhredithi eyaziwayo.

Imbali yentlawulo. Amatyala, ukungagqibeki, kunye iikhowudi zeprofayili yentlawulo kubonisa ukuba ngaba umsebenzisi sele efumana ubunzima. Bazisa omabini amalungu eCandelo 79 kunye nokuba nengqiqo kokunika ikhredithi engaphezulu.

Ingeniso. Ingeniso ebhaliweyo, eqinisekisiweyo — iipayslips, isitatimenti sebhanki, okanye ezifanayo — ngenjongo yozinzo kunye nokuqhubekeka. Ingeniso echaziweyo iyodwa ayanelanga ukwenza izigqibo eziphathekayo.

Iinkcitho. Iindleko ezichaziweyo ezijongiwe ukuba zifanelekile, okanye inkcitho yebhenchmark ngokwenqanaba lengeniso. Injongo yeyokweneneintshiyekela ekhoyo yokulungisa amatyala.

Izehlo ezingalunganga nezisemthethweni. Uluhlu olubi, izigwebo, kunye nemiyalelo yolawulo zizalathisi ezinamandla zonxunguphalo kwaye kufuneka zibandakanywe kwisigqibo esipheleleyo.

Xa le datha icwangcisiwe - iqheleke kwiinkalo ezihambelanayo, ishwankathelwe ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye idibaniswe novavanyo - iitotali zingaphantsi kwempazamo yezandla kwaye imilinganiselo efanayo ingasetyenziswa kumatyala. Oko kuxhasa ukungqinelana kunye nomzila wophicotho obonisa ukuba yeyiphi idatha esetyenzisiweyo kunye nendlela ekufikelelwe ngayo kwisigqibo sokutshona ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo.

Ukuba sematyaleni Ngokugqithisileyo vs Ukuboleka ngokuNgakhathali: Kudityanisiwe kodwa Kwahlukileyo

Ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali kuyazalana kodwa akufani.

Ukuba namatyala ngokugqithisileyo (Icandelo 79) imeko: umboleki unako okanye akanakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibophelelo zetyala ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Luvavanyo oluyinyani nolujonge phambili.

Ukuboleka ngokungenankathalo (Icandelo lama-80) limalunga nokuziphatha: umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko unike ikhredithi kwiimeko ezikhatywayo yi-NCA. Enye yezo meko kukunika ityala nangona esazi okanye enesizathu sokwazi ukuba umboleki wayesele enamatyala amaninzi. Ngoko ke uhlolo olufanelekileyo lokutshona ematyaleni lungundoqo wokhuseleko ekubolekeni ngokungenankathalo; ukuba awuvavanyi ngokufanelekileyo, okanye unikezela xa uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo ngaphandle komkhethe othethelelekayo, usengozini yokufumana ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali.

Ezi ngcamango zimbini zihlala zixoxwa kunye kuba idatha efanayo kunye nenkqubo zixhasa zombini: izibophelelo ezipheleleyo, ingeniso eqinisekisiweyo, iindleko, kunye nesigqibo esibhaliweyo. Ukufumana ilungelo lokuvavanya ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo ngokokubalulekile ekubolekweni okunoxanduva nokuthotyelwa kweNCA.

Imiceli mngeni eqhelekileyo kuVavanyo lwaMatyalo angaphaya kwaMatyala

Imingeni emininzi ebonakalayo inokujongela phantsi umgangatho kunye nokukhuseleka kovavanyo lokutshona kakhulu ematyaleni.

Idatha engaphelelanga esuka kwiziko elinye iyatsalwa. Ukuba kusetyenziswa iziko elinye kuphela, ii-akhawunti ezixelwe kuphela kwamanye amaziko azikho. Izibophelelo zizonke ziphantsi, kwaye umboleki unokubonakala enetyala elincinci kunokuba kunjalo. Oko kunokukhokelela ekunikezelweni kwetyala ebekufanele ukuba laliwe okanye kubathengi abalahlekileyo abakulungeleyo ukuphononongwa kwetyala.

Iinkcukacha eziphelelwe lixesha. Ibhalansi nezavenge ziyatshintsha. Ukusebenzisa idatha yamaziko adala okanye uluhlu lweeakhawunti ezindala kunokugqwetha iitotali kunye nokuziphatha kwentlawulo. Uvavanyo kufuneka lusekelwe kolona lwazi lwangoku lufumaneka ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lesigqibo.

Iimpazamo zokubala ngesandla. Ukushwankathela inkitha yee-akhawunti nokuthelekisa ingeniso kunye neendleko kwi-spreadsheets okanye ngesandla kudla ngokuba neempazamo. Utshintsho, ii-akhawunti eziphosiweyo, okanye iifomula ezingezizo zinokuvelisa iitotali ezingachanekanga kunye nezigqibo zokungena ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo. Ukungqinelana kubo bonke abavavanyi kwaye ixesha linzima xa imeko nganye ibalwa ngesandla.

Iikhrayitheriya ezingangqinelaniyo. Ukuba umvavanyi omnye usebenzisa ingeniso eshiyekileyo kunye nenye i-gross, okanye i-benchmarks zenkcitho zohluka ngokwamaqela, abasebenzisi abafanayo banokuphathwa ngokwahlukileyo. Oko kudala ubulungisa kunye nomngcipheko wokuthotyelwa. Iingcaciso ezisemgangathweni (umzekelo, ukuba zeziphi izibophelelo, indlela ingeniso kunye neendleko eziphathwa ngayo) kunye nendlela enye, ebhaliweyo iyawunciphisa loo mngcipheko.

Inceda njani iData yee-Multi-Bureau Data

Ulwakhiwo kunyeukudibanisa idatha yekhredithi evela kwiiofisi ezininzi kunye nokuyidibanisa nenkqubo yovavanyo olusemgangathweni kujongana nemingeni emininzi.

Umfanekiso opheleleyo wezibophelelo. Xa idatha esuka kwiziko elingaphezulu kwelinye idityanisiwe kwaye isenziwa njengesiqhelo, zonke ii-akhawunti ezixeliweyo zinokubandakanywa kwitotali yesibophelelo. Akukho ziko linye ekuthenjelwe kulo lilodwa, ngoko ke umngcipheko wokungawahlawuli amatyala uyancitshiswa.

Iitotali ezizenzekelayo. Xa ii-akhawunti zikwimo emiselweyo, izibophelelo zenyanga zizonke kunye nomlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso unokubalwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Oko kunciphisa iimpazamo ezenziwa ngesandla kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba ifomula efanayo isetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha.

Iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo ezingaguquguqukiyo. Xa ulwakhiwo lwedatha efanayo kunye nemithetho iqhuba lonke uvavanyo, imigaqo isetyenziswa ngokufanayo. Ingeniso kunye nonyango lweendleko, ezibalwa kwiiakhawunti, kunye nendlela umlinganiselo osetyenziswa ngayo unokuchazwa kube kanye kwaye usetyenziswe kuzo zonke iimeko, kuphuculwe ukulunga kunye nokukhusela.

Indlela yophicotho-zincwadi ekhuselayo. Xa uhlolo ngalunye ludityaniswe nedatha esisiseko - zeziphi iingxelo ezisetyenzisiweyo, zeziphi ii-akhawunti eziqukiweyo, zeziphi izibalo ezenziwayo - isiphelo sokutshona ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo sinokucaciswa kwaye senziwa kwakhona. Oko kuxhasa ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho wangaphakathi, uphononongo lwe-NCR, kunye nokuzikhusela kwizityholo zokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali.

Idatha eyakhiweyo ayithathi indawo yesigwebo; iqinisekisa ukuba isigwebo sisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ngokungaguquguqukiyo, nangokulandelekayo.

Vavanya ukuba seMtyaleni Ngokugqithisileyo ngokungaguquguqukiyo kuwo onke aMatyala

Ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo phantsi kweCandelo lama-79 lilitye lembombo lovavanyo lomngcipheko lwaphambi kokunikwa kwesibonelelo kunye nenkqubo yokuphononongwa kwetyala. Iingcali zekhredithi zifuna ukucacainkcazelo, idatha epheleleyo, kunye nendlela engaguqukiyo yokumisela xa umthengi engakwazi okanye engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibophelelo kwangethuba. Idatha ye-bureau engaphelelanga, iimpazamo zokubala ngesandla, kunye neendlela ezingahambelaniyo zijongela phantsi loo njongo kunye nokwandisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nomngcipheko wokuboleka.

Idatha eyakhiweyo ye-multi-bureau data, i-automated obligation totals, kunye nenkxaso ebhaliweyo yokuhlola ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokungaguquguqukiyo, ukuhlolwa kwamatyala amaninzi - nokuba ungumnikezeli wekhredithi ohlola izicelo okanye umcebisi wamatyala owenza ngokusesikweni iCandelo lama-86.

Dibana no ukuhlola ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo ngokungaguquguqukiyo kuzo zonke iimeko kwaye ubone ukuba idatha yetyala ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi osemgangathweni zixhasa njani ukhuseleko, uvavanyo olulungele uphicotho.