Ityala elimiselweyo eMzantsi Afrika | Isikhokelo sobuNgcali
Qonda ityala elimiselweyo eMzantsi Afrika: umthetho weminyaka emi-3, uMthetho wokuMiselwa, iCandelo le-NCA le-126B, ingxelo ye-bureau, kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini kwabo basebenza ngetyala.
Ityala elimiselweyo eMzantsi Afrika yenye yezona ndawo zingaqondwa kakuhle kumthetho wamatyala wabathengi. Abacebisi ngamatyala basoloko bebona abaxumi abaneengxelo zeofisi zisabonisa amatyala amadala asenokunganyanzelisi ngokusemthethweni. Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka benze isigqibo sokuba balandele okanye balithengise ityala elimiselweyo, kwaye baphathe ityala elimiselweyo kwingxelo njengento enokuqokelelwa xa kuvavanywa ukufikeleleka. I-Prescription Act 68 ka-1969 ibeka imida yexesha ecacileyo emva kokuba lowo utyalwayo anyuse umyalelo njengokhuseleko kwaye lowo utyalwayo akasakwazi ukunyanzelisa ibango ngeenkundla. Kodwa amatyala amiselweyo ahlala ebonakala kwiingxelo ze-credit bureau ezivela kwi-Experian, Datanamix, kunye ne-TransUnion, idala ukubhideka kunye nomngcipheko wokuthobela. Eli nqaku licacisa ukuba yintoni na ityala elimiselweyo, amaxesha ahlukeneyo amiselweyo phantsi komthetho waseMzantsi Afrika, xa ummiselo uphazamiseka, udibana njani noMthetho weNtengo weSizwe kunye neengxelo ze-bureau, kunye nokuba ngabacebisi bamatyala kunye nabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka benze ntoni besebenza. Ngomxholo obanzi wolawulo, bona eyethu Isikhokelo sokuthotyelwa kweNational Credit Act.
Ityala elimiselweyo liphantsi koMthetho oMiselweyo
I-Prescription yindlela esemthethweni yokucima ityala emva kokuba ixesha elithile lidlule ngaphandle kokuba umbolekisi anyanzelise ibango. Ayiyicimi into yokuba ityala belityalwa; yenza ityala linganyanzelisi enkundleni. Umbolekisi kufuneka aphakamise umyalelo njengento yokukhusela ukuba umbolekisi uzama ukunyanzelisa. Ukuba umkweliti akayinyusi, inkundla isenokuthi ikhuphe intlawulo. Kubasebenzi bekhredithi, umphumo osebenzayo kukuba xa ityala limiselwe, umbolekisi akanako ukumangalela ngempumelelo ukubuyisela, kwaye phantsi kwe-NCA ityala alinakuthengiswa okanye liqokelelwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
I-Prescription Act 68 ka-1969 ilawula ummiselo eMzantsi Afrika. Elona lungiselelo lifanelekileyo lentengo yemboleko yomboleki Icandelo le-11(d), elimisela ixesha leminyaka emithathu lommiselo “ngamatyala aqhelekileyo” - kubandakanywa uninzi lwezivumelwano zekhredithi, ii-akhawunti zevenkile, iimali-mboleko zomntu, kunye nezibophelelo ezifanayo. Emva kweminyaka emithathu ukususela kumhla wokuhlawulwa kwetyala, kwaye umyalelo onikeziweyo awuzange uphazamiseke, umtyali unokuphakamisa umyalelo njengokhuseleko olupheleleyo kulo naliphi na ibango lentlawulo.
Ukuqonda ummiselo kubalulekile xa uphonononga uluhlu olubi kwiingxelo zamatyala. Ukusilela okanye isigwebo esivela kwingxelo ye-bureau sinokunxulumana netyala elithe lamiselwa. Uluhlu lungahlala kwingxelo ngexesha lokugcinwa kweziko naxa ityala elisisiseko lingasanyanzeliswa. Ukwahlula phakathi “kokusaqokeleleka” kunye “nokumiselwa” kuchaphazela iingcebiso zohlengahlengiso kunye nezigqibo zetyala.
Amaxesha oMyalelo kwiindidi zeTyala ezahlukeneyo
I-Prescription Act ibeka imida yamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetyala. Iingcali zeentengo zemboleko kufuneka zisebenzise ixesha elichanekileyo xa zivavanya ukuba ityala limisele na.
Iminyaka emithathu — amatyala aqhelekileyo (iCandelo 11(d))
Uninzi lweentengo zemboleko zabathengi ziwela phantsi komgaqo weminyaka emithathu: izivumelwano zentengo yemboleko phantsi kweNCA, ii-akhawunti zokuthengisa, iimali-mboleko ezingakhusekanga, ii-ovadrafti, kunye nezibophelelo ezifanayo. Ixesha liqhuba ukusuka kumhla ofanele ukuhlawulwa ngawo ityala. Ukuba umbolekisi akaphumelelanga ukuphazamisa umyalelo ngelo xesha, umntu otyalwayo unokuphakamisa umyalelo njengendlela yokukhusela.
Iminyaka emithandathu — amatyala atyalwa kurhulumente (Icandelo 11(a))
Amatyala erhafu, amatyala kamasipala, kunye nezinye izibophelelo ezityalwa kurhulumente zimisela emva kweminyaka emithandathu. Oku kuquka amatyala anxulumene ne-SARS kunye neemali ezithile ezisemthethweni. Xa uphonononga izibophelelo zomthengi, abacebisi ngamatyala kunye nabanikezeli bekhredithi kufuneka basebenzise ixesha leminyaka emithandathu kwityala likarhulumente kunexesha leminyaka emithathu yetyala eliqhelekileyo.
Iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu — iibhondi zokubambisa kunye namanye amabango (iCandelo le-11(a))
Amatyala akhuselwe yi-mortgage bond - ngokuqhelekileyo iimali mboleko zezindlu - zichaza emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Eli xesha lide libonisa uhlobo olukhuselekileyo lwesibophelelo kunye nezixa ezikhulu ezibandakanyekayo. Xa kuvavanywa ityala elinxulumene nepropathi yomxhasi okanye incwadi ekhuselweyo yomnikezeli wetyala, ixesha leminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu liyasebenza.
Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu — amatyala esigwebo (Icandelo 11(a))
Nje ukuba inkundla inike isigwebo sentlawulo, eso sigwebo setyala simisela emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Oku akulitshintshi ixesha lommiselo wetyala lokuqala; yenza ifestile entsha, ende yokunyanzelisa isigwebo ngokwaso. Ngokwenyani, izigwebo zihlala zinyanzeliswa kwangaphambi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, kodwa ixesha elongeziweyo lifanelekile xa kuqwalaselwa izigwebo ezindala kakhulu kwiingxelo zamaziko.
Xa Iwotshi emiselweyo iqala kwaye yintoni eyiphazamisayo
Ummiselo uqhuba ukusukela kumhla ekufanele ukuba kuhlawulwe ngawo ityala**. Ngemali-mboleko okanye isivumelwano sentengo yemboleko, lowo ngumhla wentlawulo yokuqala ephosiweyo ebeka i-akhawunti intsilelo, okanye umhla ekufuneka intlawulo epheleleyo ihlawulwe ngawo. Kwityala elijikelezayo, umhla omiselweyo uxhomekeke kwimiqathango yesivumelwano. Ukuseka umhla ochanekileyo wokuqalisa kubalulekile xa ucebisa abathengi okanye uvavanya ukuba ityala elidwelisiweyo limisele na.
Ummiselo uuphazanyiswa zizenzo ezibonisa ukuvuma komntu otyalwayo ngetyala okanye ukuleqa kombolekisi ngalo. Xa uphazamiseko lusenzeka, iwotshi emiselweyo iphinda isetyenziselwe kwaye ixesha elitsha elitsha liqhuba ukusuka kuloo mhla.
Ukuvunywa kwetyala
Ukuba umntu onetyala uyalivuma ityala ngokubhala okanye ngokwenza intlawulo, umyalelo uyaphazamiseka. Intlawulo enye, ukuvuma okubhaliweyo, okanye isithembiso sokuhlawula sinokuseta kwakhona ixesha leminyaka emithathu. Abacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka baqonde ukuba abaxumi abenze intlawulo encinci okanye batyikitya isiqinisekiso kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo banokuthi bawuphazamisile umyalelo wetyala abakholelwa ukuba lidala.
Intlawulo
Nayiphi na intlawulo yetyala iphazamisa ummiselo. Umbolekisi unokusebenzisa loo ntlawulo njengobungqina bokuba ixesha elitsha lomyalelo liqale ukususela kumhla wokuhlawula.
Inkqubo yomthetho
Inkonzo yenkqubo (umzekelo: iisamani) yokunyanzelisa ityala iphazamisa ummiselo. Nje ukuba umntu otyalwayo enze iinkqubo zomthetho kwixesha elimiselweyo, ukusebenza kommiselo kuyaphazamiseka. Ukuba inkqubo irhoxisiwe kamva okanye ichithiwe, ummiselo unokuphinda usebenze ukususela kumhla wokurhoxiswa okanye ukugxothwa, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko.
Kubasebenzi bekhredithi, into ethathwayo kukuba umntu akanakuthatha ityala elimiselweyo ngenxa yokuba lidala. Umhla ekufikelelwe ngawo ityala, kwaye nakuphi na ukuvuma, intlawulo, okanye inyathelo lomthetho ukususela ngoko, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqukunjelwe ukuba ummiselo uyasebenza.
Libonakala Njani iTyala eliMiselweyo kwiiNgxelo zeBhrehreshini yeTyala
Umba obonakalayo ophambili kukuba ityala elimiselweyo lihlala liqhubeka ukuvela kwiingxelo ze-credit bureau emva kwexesha leminyaka emithathu liqhubekile. I-Bureox ifumana iinkcukacha kubanikezeli bekhredithi kunye nabanye ababhalisi; bagcina ulwazi olubi ngamaxesha abekwe yiCredit Bureau Association (CBA) kunye ne-NCR. Loo migaqo yogcino yahlukile kuMthetho oyiPrescription Act. Isiphumo kukuba ingxelo yomboleki ingabonisa ukungaphumeleli, izigwebo, okanye imbali ye-akhawunti enxulumene netyala esele limiselweyo.
I-Experian, iDatanamix, iTransUnion, iCompuscan, kunye ne-XDS nganye i-akhawunti ekhoyo kunye nedatha embi kwifomathi yabo. Xa ukufunda ingxelo yetyala, amagosa kufuneka achaze umhla wokusilela ukuhlawula amatyala, umhla wentlawulo yokugqibela, kunye nesimo se-akhawunti ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba ityala elingaphantsi belinokumisela. Ukusilela kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo kungekho ntlawulo okanye vumo kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo kunokumiselwa, nangona uluhlu lusabonakala. Ukuthelekisa idatha kuwo wonke amaziko ngamanye amaxesha unokucacisa imihla kunye nobume, kodwa uhlalutyo lommiselo womthetho luhlala luxanduva lwengcali.
Ubukho betyala elimiselweyo kwingxelo busengachaphazela amanqaku ekhredithi nokubalwa kokufikeleleka ukuba imodeli yamanqaku okanye umhlalutyi uyithatha njengetyala elisebenzayo. Abacebisi kumatyala emboleko kunye nabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka bathathe ityala elimiselweyo njengelinganyanzelisiyo ngenjongo yohlengahlengiso kunye nokuqokelelwa, kwaye akufuneki banike okanye balahle ikhredithi kuphela ngokulindelekileyo kokuqokelela ityala elimiselweyo.
I-NCA iCandelo le-126B: Ityala elimiselweyo alinakuthengiswa okanye liqokelelwe
UMthetho wamaTyala weSizwe walungiswa ukuze ujongane nokuthengiswa nokuqokelelwa kwetyala elimiselweyo. Icandelo le-126B libonelela ukuba umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko okanye umqokeleli wamatyala akufuneki athengise, aqokelele, okanye azame ukuqokelela ityala elimiselweyo. Oku kulungelelanisa i-NCA kunye noMthetho oMiselweyo: lakuba ityala sele limisele umyalelo, alinyanzelisi nje kuphela enkundleni kodwa likwayiyo imida ekuthengiseni abantu besithathu kunye neenzame ezisebenzayo zokuqokelela.
Kubanikezeli bekhredithi, oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphambi kokuthengisa incwadi yamatyala okanye ukuyalela abaqokeleli, kufuneka bahlole ukuba ngawaphi amatyala amiselweyo kwaye bangabandakanyi kwintengiso okanye kwisigunyaziso sokuqokelela. Ukuthengisa okanye ukuqokelela ityala elimiselweyo kunokukhokelela kunyanzeliso lwe-NCR kunye nezikhalazo zabathengi. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, iCandelo 126B liyayibethelela into yokuba abaxumi abanamatyala amiselweyo banokwala ukuwahlawula kwaye banokucela umngeni kwiinzame zokuwaqokelela okanye ukuwadwelisa ngendlela ethetha ukuba usenetyala. Abathengi banokufuna ukuphakamisa ummiselo njengendlela yokuzikhusela okanye baphikise uluhlu kunye ne-bureau okanye i-NCR ukuba umbolekisi okanye umqokeleli uyaqhubeka nokuphatha ityala njengelokuqokelelwa.
Oku kudityaniswa ngqo kwi Ukuthotyelwa kweNCA kunye ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali neingqwalasela. Ukunika ikhredithi entsha ngokuxhomekeke kulindelo lokuba ityala elidala (elimiselweyo) liya kuqokelelwa akuphelelanga nje ekunganyanisekiyo ngokwasemthethweni kodwa kusenokugqwetha uhlolo lokufikeleleka. Abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko akufuneki baphathe ityala elimiselweyo njengenxalenye yezibophelelo zangoku zomboleki xa behlola ukufikeleleka okanye ukungena ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo.
Iimpembelelo kubaCebisi kwezamaTyala
Abacebisi ngamatyala babona amatyala amiselweyo ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: xa kwakhiwa iprofayili yamatyala omthengi kwiingxelo ze-bureau, naxa becebisa abaxhasi ngamalungelo abo kunye nokhetho.
Ukuchonga amatyala amiselweyo kwiiprofayili zabaxumi
Xa kutsalwa iingxelo ze-bureau kunye nokwakhiwa koluhlu lwezibophelelo ze-uphononongo lwamatyala, umcebisi kufuneka afake ii-akhawunti apho ukusilela okanye umhla wokugqibela wentlawulo ungaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu edlulileyo (okanye iminyaka emithandathu, elishumi elinesihlanu, okanye amashumi amathathu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetyala) kwaye apho kungekho bungqina bokuphazamiseka. Elo tyala lingamiselwa. Ukuyiquka kwisindululo sohlengahlengiso ngokungathi sinokunyanzeliswa kunokulahlekisa umxhasi kunye nabatyalwayo. Kwakhona kunokuchitha ixesha uthethathethwano nabatyalwayo abasenalo ibango elisemthethweni. Izixhobo ezibonisa imihla ye-akhawunti kunye noluhlu olubi ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo-efana ne-isoftware yokucebisa amatyala ecalula idatha ye-bureau kwiindawo ezinokuphendwa - abacebisi boncedo basebenzise ingqikelelo yommiselo ngokungaguqukiyo kuwo wonke umthwalo omkhulu.
Ukucebisa abathengi kunye nokucela umngeni kwizintlu ezingachanekanga
Abathengi bahlala bengazi ukuba amatyala angamisela. Umcebisi unokuchaza ukuba ityala elimiselweyo akufuneki lihlawulwe kwaye banokunyusa umyalelo ukuba bamangalelwe. Ukuba ingxelo ye-bureau isabonisa ityala okanye kuthetha ukuba liyasebenza, umxhasi angaluphikisa olo luhlu kunye ne-bureau okanye i-NCR. Umcebisi unokuxhasa umxhasi ngeentsuku ezichanekileyo kunye nohlalutyo olucacileyo lommiselo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izindululo zohlengahlengiso kunye namaxwebhu enkundla akaliphathi ityala elimiselweyo njengoko lihlawulwa likhusela umxhasi kwaye ligcina inkqubo ehambelanayo.
Iimpembelelo kubaBoneleli-tyala
Abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko kufuneka bacinge ngetyala elimiselweyo xa behlola ukuqokelelwa, xa bethengisa okanye bekhupha ingqokelela, naxa besebenzisa iinkcukacha ze-bureau ukufikeleleka kunye nezigqibo zomngcipheko.
Uvavanyo lokuqokeleleka
Xa uthatha isigqibo malunga nokulandela i-akhawunti engahlawulwanga okanye ukuthengisa ipotfoliyo, abaniki-nkonzo beentengo zemboleko kufuneka bachonge ukuba ngawaphi amatyala amiselweyo. Ukulandela okanye ukuthengisa ukwaphulwa kwetyala elimiselweyo kwiCandelo 126B kwaye libeka umniki-nkonzo kumngcipheko wolawulo kunye nodumo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi kufuneka ifune uqwalaselo lommiselo phambi kokuba ithunyelwe ekuqokeleleni okanye ekuthengisweni.
Ukunika ikhredithi kunye nokufikeleleka
Xa kuvavanywa isicelo esitsha, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko uphonononga idatha ye-bureau ukumisela izibophelelo ezikhoyo kunye nokufikeleleka. Ityala elimiselweyo elisavelayo kwingxelo akufuneki libalwe njengesibophelelo sangoku ekufuneka umboleki alihlawule. Ukuyiphatha ngolo hlobo kunokunciphisa ngokungafanelekanga ukufikeleleka komthengi okanye kukhokhelele kwisigqibo sokungena ematyaleni ngempazamo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunika ikhredithi ngethemba lokuba umboleki “uya kulicima” ityala elimiselweyo ayisosiseko esifanelekileyo sesigqibo sokuboleka imali. Ukufikeleleka kufuneka kusekelwe kwizibophelelo ezinyanzeliswayo kunye nokukwazi komthengi ukuhlangabezana nazo.
Iingcamango ezingezizo eziQhelekileyo malunga neTyala elimiselweyo
Iingcamango ezininzi eziphosakeleyo ziyaqhubeka kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiingcebiso ezingekho phantsi okanye ukungathobeli ukuziphatha.
Ummiselo awulicimi ityala. Isibophelelo sokuziphatha okanye esiyinyani sisenokuhlala sisengqondweni yomboleki, kodwa isibophelelo esisemthethweni sokuhlawula sicinyiwe. Umkweliti kufuneka aphakamise umyalelo njengendlela yokuzikhusela; ukuba abakwenzi oko, inkundla isenokuthi ikhuphe intlawulo. Ngoko ke abathengi kufuneka bacetyiswe ukuba bayithathele ingqalelo imiyalelo kagqirha kwaye bayinyuse xa kufanelekile.
Ummiselo awuzenzekeli. Umkweliti kufuneka avume umyalelo kagqirha ukuba umbolekisi uyamangala. Ukuba umntu onetyala uyahlawula okanye uyalivuma ityala emva kokuba limisele, loo ntlawulo okanye ukuvuma oko kunokuvuselela uxanduva kwiimeko ezithile, kuxhomekeke kwizibakala. Abathengi kufuneka bacetyiswe ukuba bangabhataleli okanye bavume kwityala elidala bengakhange baqale bajonge ukuba ngaba limisele na.
Uluhlu lweofisi kunye nommiselo zahlukene. Uluhlu lunokuhlala lukwingxelo yetyala ngexesha lokugcinwa kweziko naxa ityala libekiwe. Ubukho boluhlu akuthethi ukuba ityala lisaqokelelwa ngokusemthethweni. Ukuphikisana noluhlu olungachanekanga okanye olulahlekisayo yinkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokusebenzisa iziko kunye ne-NCR.
Amatyala ahlukeneyo anamaxesha ahlukeneyo amiselweyo. Ukusebenzisa umgaqo weminyaka emithathu kwityala likarhulumente okanye kwi-mortgage kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingachanekanga. Hlala usebenzisa ixesha elichanekileyo lohlobo lwetyala.
Khangela iTyala elimiselweyo ngokuzithemba
Ityala elimiselweyo eMzantsi Afrika lilawulwa nguMthetho oyiPrescription Act kwaye liqiniswe yiNCA. Umgaqo weminyaka emithathu wamatyala aqhelekileyo, kunye namaxesha amade etyala likarhulumente, iibhondi zokubambisa, kunye nezigwebo, umisela xa ityala lingenakunyanzeliswa. Abacebisi ngamatyala kufuneka bachonge amatyala amiselweyo kwiiprofayili zabaxumi kwaye bacebise abathengi ngokufanelekileyo; abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko akufuneki bathengise okanye baqokelele ityala elimiselweyo kwaye bangaliphathi njengelinokuqokelelwa xa behlola ukufikeleleka okanye umngcipheko. Iingxelo zeBureau zisenokubonisa amatyala amiselweyo, ngoko ke iingcali kufuneka zisebenzise imihla kunye nemeko ukuvavanya ukunyanzeliswa kunokuxhomekeka kuluhlu lodwa. Kumaqela afuna ukusebenzisa ingqiqo yomyalelo kunye nemithetho yoluhlu olubi ngokuqhubekayo kwiifayile ezininzi, idatha yekhredithi ehleliweyo kunye neendlela ezicacileyo zophicotho zinciphisa iimpazamo kunye nenkxaso yokuthotyelwa. Jonga ukuba uhlalutyo lwengxelo yetyala olucwangcisiweyo lunokuxhasa njani ummiselo wakho kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi wokuthotyelwa.