Umlinganiselo weTyala-to-Ingeniso | Isikhokelo soVavanyo lwetyala
Bala kwaye usebenzise umlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso kuvavanyo lwetyala eMzantsi Afrika. I-DTI, ukufikeleleka kweNCA, kunye nohlalutyo olungaguqukiyo olusekwe kwiziko.
Umlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso (DTI) yenye yezona metrics ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lwetyala loMzantsi Afrika. Kubasebenzi bamatyala—abacebisi ngamatyala, abathengisi bamatyala, nabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko—i-DTI ikwisazulu sohlalutyo lokufikeleleka, izindululo zohlengahlengiso, kunye nezigqibo zokuboleka imali. Kodwa indlela echazwa ngayo, ibalwe, kwaye isetyenziswa ngayo iyahluka kwiifemu kunye nakubo bonke abavavanyi kwifemu enye. Kwimeko elawulwayo apho iCandelo 81–82 loMthetho weSizwe weTyala (NCA) lifuna uvavanyo lokufikeleleka olufanelekileyo kwaye lithintele ukubolekwa kwemali ngokungakhathali, oko kungangqinelani kudala umngcipheko wokuthotyelwa kwaye kujongela phantsi ixabiso lemetriki. Eli nqaku licacisa ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-DTI kumxholo wetyala laseMzantsi Afrika, indlela yokubala ngokuchanekileyo, kutheni ibalulekile ekuthotyelweni kwe-NCA, indlela iindima ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngayo, kwaye kutheni ulwakhiwo lwedatha kwiziko lubalulekile ekubaleni kwe-DTI engaguqukiyo kwisikali. Ukuze ufumane imbono ebanzi yovavanyo lokufikelela eMzantsi Afrika, bona i Isikhokelo sovavanyo lokufikeleleka.
Ithetha ukuthini iDTI kuMxholo weTyala waseMzantsi Afrika
Ngokwembono yobuchwephesha, i-DTI ngumlinganiselo wetyala lomboleki elinxulumene nengeniso. Iphendula umbuzo: ungakanani umlinganiselo wengeniso yomboleki osele uzibophelele ekuboneleleni ngetyala esele likho? I-DTI ephezulu icebisa umthamo onyiniweyo wezibophelelo ezintsha; i-DTI esezantsi ishiya indawo eyongezelelekileyo yokuthenga ngetyala okanye ukulungisa ngokutsha amatyala akhoyo. I-metric ayilona icebiso lomthengi-sisixhobo sabasebenzi ukuthelekisa abafaki zicelo, ukuvavanya ukufikeleleka, kunye neengcebiso zenkxaso.
EMzantsi Afrika, i-DTI isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili. Okokuqala, njengeisalathisi sokufikeleleka: ngaba umboleki unaso isakhono setyala elicetywayo okanye uhlengahlengiso? Okwesibini, njengegalelo lothotyelo: iNCA ilindele ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko bahlole iindlela zezimali ezikhoyo kunye nezibophelelo phambi kokwandiswa kwetyala; I-DTI yinxalenye engundoqo yolo vavanyo. Okwesithathu, njengomlinganiselo wothelekiso: xa uvavanya abathengi abaninzi, i-DTI ivumela abaqeqeshi ukuba bahlele okanye bahlule amatyala ngomthwalo wamatyala kwaye basebenzise imiqobo engaguqukiyo. Inkcazo “yengeniso” kunye “netyala” ke ngoko ibalulekile: umthengi ofanayo unokuvelisa amanani ahluke kakhulu e-DTI-kunye neziphumo-ukuba enye ifemu isebenzisa ingeniso epheleleyo kunye nenye i-net, okanye ukuba enye ibandakanya kuphela ityala lezavenge kunye nomnye zonke izibophelelo zekhontrakthi.
Ubalwa njani i-DTI
I-DTI ichazwa njengomlinganiselo okanye ipesenti: izibophelelo zenyanga zizonke zahlulwe ngomvuzo wenyanga. Ifomyula icacile, kodwa amagalelo kufuneka achazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye asetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo.
Ingeniso xa ithelekiswa nentsalela
Umvuzo ungathathwa njenge-gross (phambi kwerhafu kunye nokutsalwa) okanye i-net (emva kwerhafu kunye nokutsalwa). Ingeniso eshiyekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo isesona siseko singcono sokufikeleleka kuba ibonisa oko umthengi anako ngokwenene ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo. Ingeniso eyonke kulula ukuyiqinisekisa kwiipheyislip kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukuhambelana ne-bureau okanye idatha yomqeshi. Nokuba yeyiphi inkcazo esetyenziswa yinkampani yakho, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngendlela efanayo kulo lonke uhlolo. Bhala ukuba usebenzisa i-gross okanye i-net, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iindleko okanye i-DTI thresholds ilungelelaniswe kolo khetho. Umzekelo, umyinge wama-40% we-DTI kwingeniso eshiyekileyo ungqongqo kune-40% kwi-gross, kuba inethaumfanekiso omncinci.
Lilonke izibophelelo zetyala
Iimbophelelo zetyala zizonke zithetha zonke iintlawulo zenyanga zekhontrakthi umboleki ekufuneka ezenze phantsi kwezivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko. Oko kuquka izavenge zebhondi okanye yemali mboleko yendlu, imali yemoto, imali-mboleko yobuqu, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala (ubuncinane okanye intlawulo yekhontrakthi), amakhadi evenkile, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iindawo zekhredithi ezifuna intlawulo eqhubekayo. Intlawulo enye okanye enokuvela ayiqukwanga. Eli nani lifanele libonise izibophelelo zangoku—ngoko ke ukuba umboleki usalele ngasemva kwaye umbolekisi akakasilungelelanisi isavenge, isavenge sekhontrakthi (into ebefanele ukuyihlawula) idla ngokusetyenziswa, kungekhona isixa esincitshisiweyo asihlawulayo. Oku kuphepha ukujongela phantsi umthwalo wetyala lokwenyani. Idatha yezi zibophelelo iphuma kwiingxelo ze-credit bureau—Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, okanye ezinye-apho iibhalansi ze-akhawunti, imida, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izixa zezavenge zidweliswe. Apho i-bureau ingaboneleli ngezavenge, iifemu zihlala ziqikelela (umz. ukusuka kwibhalansi kunye nekota) okanye zisebenzisa indlela esemgangathweni; loo ndlela kufuneka ibhalwe kwaye isetyenziswe rhoqo.
Ifomula
DTI = (Izibophelelo zenyanga zizonke ÷ Umvuzo wenyanga) × 100
Isiphumo siqhele ukubonakaliswa njengepesenti. Umzekelo: ukuba izibophelelo zenyanga zizonke yi-R8,000 kwaye ingeniso yenyanga nentsalela yi-R20,000, i-DTI = (8,000 ÷ 20,000) × 100 = 40%. I-Thresholds iyahluka ngokoboleki kunye nemveliso-kaninzi i-30-40% ye-net yengeniso yekhredithi engakhuselekanga-kodwa ukubala ngokwayo kufuneka kubekwe emgangathweni ukuze amagalelo afanayo asoloko evelisa i-DTI efanayo.
Umxholo we-NCA: Kutheni i-DTI ibalulekile njeUkuthobela
Amacandelo 81 kunye nama-82 omthetho iNational Credit Act ngabona baqhuba ngokusesikweni iDTI kuvavanyo lwetyala. Icandelo 81 lifuna ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zezimali ezikhoyo zomboleki, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo phambi kokuba bangene kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko. ICandelo lama-82 liyakwalela ukuboleka imali ngokungakhathali—kuquka ukwandisa intengo yemboleko xa umboleki sele enamatyala amaninzi okanye xa umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko engakwazanga ukwenza uhlolo olululo.
I-DTI yinxalenye engundoqo kolo vavanyo. Ishwankathela “iimfanelo ezikhoyo” ngokunxulumene “neendlela zemali” ngenani elinye, elithelekisekayo. Xa i-DTI iphezulu kakhulu, umthengi usenokuba netyala eligqithisileyo; ukunika enye ikhredithi ngaphandle kokujongana nokunyusa umngcipheko wokuboleka imali ngokungakhathali. I-NCR ilindele ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko babhale indlela abavavanye ngayo ukufikeleleka, yeyiphi ingeniso kunye nezibophelelo abazisebenzisileyo, kunye nokuba bafikelele njani kwisigqibo sabo. Ubalo lwe-DTI olungangqinelaniyo okanye olungamaxwebhu lwenza kube nzima ukubonisa ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo athathiweyo. Kubacebisi ngamatyala, i-DTI ixhasa umiselo lwe ukuba sematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kunye noyilo lwezindululo zohlengahlengiso ezizisa izibophelelo ngokuhambelana nengeniso. Kuwo onke amaqela, indlela ecacileyo, ephindaphindwayo ye-DTI ixhasa ukuthotyelwa nokulungela uphicotho.
Indlela Ezahlukeneyo Iindima Ezisebenzisayo i-DTI
I-DTI isetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ungumcebisi wamatyala, i-credit broker, okanye umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko. Umlinganiselo ofanayo uxhasa izigqibo ezahlukeneyo.
Abacebisi ngamatyala: izindululo zohlengahlengiso
Abacebisi kumatyala emboleko basebenzisa i-DTI ukuhlola ukuba ingaba umboleki unamatyala angaphaya na kunye nokwakha uhlengahlengiso.izindululo. Kufuneka babone izibophelelo ezipheleleyo ezivela kwidatha ye-bureau, bathelekise oko kwingeniso eqinisekisiweyo, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba iintlawulo zangoku zizinzileyo. I-DTI ephezulu ixhasa ukufunyaniswa kokutshona ematyaleni ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ithethelela isindululo sokunciphisa izavenge okanye ukwandisa ixesha. Emva kohlengahlengiso, i-DTI kufuneka iwele kwinqanaba umthengi anokuligcina. Abacebisi betyala bahlala besebenza kunye neeofisi ezininzi kunye neengxelo ezininzi ngobomi betyala; Inkcazo engaguqukiyo yengeniso kunye nezibophelelo, kunye nefomula engaguqukiyo, iqinisekisa ukuba umthengi ofanayo akavavanywanga ngenye indlela ekuthathweni kunye nenye indlela yokuhlaziywa.
Abathengisi bamatyala: isiqinisekiso sangaphambili
Abathengisi bamatyala basebenzisa i-DTI ukufaneleka kwabafaki-zicelo ngaphambi kokuba babangenise kubabolekisi. Kufuneka bazi ngokukhawuleza ukuba umthwalo wetyala lomfaki-sicelo ungaphakathi kwemida yomboleki ukuze bakwazi ukugxila kumbhobho kumatyala asebenzayo. I-DTI nantsi into yokucoca: abafaki-zicelo abangaphezulu komda basenokungathathelwa ingqalelo okanye bacetyiswe ukuba banciphise amatyala phambi kokufaka isicelo. Abarhwebi basenokungabi nobunzulu obufanayo bokuqinisekiswa kwengeniso njengombolekisi wokugqibela, ngoko bahlala besebenzisa ingeniso echaziweyo kunye nezibophelelo eziphuma kwiziko. Inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba icala lesibophelelo-i-denominator kumlinganiselo-kufuneka ibalwe ngendlela efanayo kumfaki-sicelo ngamnye. Xa iitotali zesinyanzeliso zitsalwa ngesandla kwiingxelo zePDF, ukwahluka phakathi kwabavavanyi kunokuthetha ukuba abanye abafaki-zicelo bacalulwa ngendlela engeyiyo.
Ababoneleli ngetyala: izigqibo zokuboleka imali
Abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko basebenzisa i-DTI njengegalelo kuvavanyo lokufikeleleka olusesikweni olufunwa liCandelo lama-81. Ngokwesiqhelo baye baqinisekisa umvuzo kunye neenkcukacha ezipheleleyo zeziko. DTIisetyenziswa ecaleni kwezinye izinto—imbali yokuhlawula, amanqaku ekhredithi, iindleko zokuphila—ukugqiba enoba unike ityala kwaye ngeyiphi na imiqathango. Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi uya kumisela imida ye-DTI ngemveliso; ukugqitha kumda kunokukhokelela ekwehleni okanye kwimveliso eyahlukileyo. Ukuthobela, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka akwazi ukubonisa ukuba i-DTI yabalwa njani, yeyiphi idatha esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ingene njani kwisigqibo. Ubalo lwe-Ad hoc okanye olungangqinelaniyo lwenza buthathaka obo bungqina.
Ukunyinwa kwe-DTI njengeMethrikhi eYodwa
I-DTI iluncedo kodwa ayonelanga iyodwa. Ayifaki intlawulo yokuziphatha, imbali yetyala, okanye ixesha kunye nolwakhiwo lwezibophelelo.
Imbali yentlawulo ibonisa ukuba ngaba umboleki uye wahlangabezana nezibophelelo ezikhoyo ngexesha. Abathengi ababini abane-DTI efanayo banokuba neeprofayili zomngcipheko ezahluke kakhulu ukuba omnye unerekhodi yentlawulo ecocekileyo kwaye omnye unamatyala akutsha nje okanye ukusilela. Amanqaku ekhredithi kunye neentambo zeprofayili yentlawulo yongeza loo mlinganiso. I-DTI ikwatsho kwanto malunga nokuzinza kwengeniso-nokuba umvuzo usisigxina okanye ungowexeshana, okanye unokutshintsha. Umthengi one-DTI ephantsi kodwa umvuzo ongazinzanga unokuba yingozi kunomntu one-DTI ephezulu kancinane kunye nomsebenzi ozinzileyo.
Iindleko zokuphila aziboniswanga kwi-DTI; abathengi ababini abanomvuzo ofanayo kunye netyala banokuba ne-DTI efanayo kodwa umvuzo olahlwayo owahluke kakhulu. Iifemu ezininzi zidibanisa i-DTI kunye nomlinganiselo weendleko okanye umvuzo oshiyekileyo ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo. Kuvavanyo olupheleleyo, i-DTI kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye nembali yentlawulo, amanqaku, kunye nomxholo weendleko-kungekhona njengesango elinye.
Ukubalwa kweDTI yeManuwali kwiiNgxelo zePDF: Iimpazamo kunye nokungangqinelani
Kwiukuziqhelanisa, iifemu ezininzi zisafumana i-DTI ngokufunda iingxelo zetyala le-PDF kunye nokuchwetheza amanani kwi-spreadsheet okanye ifayile yetyala. Oko kuhamba komsebenzi kuzisa iimpazamo kunye nokungahambelani.
Ii-PDF azicwangciswanga: iibhalansi kunye nezavenge zihlala kwiitheyibhile okanye kwisicatshulwa esibalisayo, ngoko umvavanyi kufuneka afumane i-akhawunti nganye, enze isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni na ebaluleke njengetyala, kwaye aphinde afake amanani. Ukufunda kakubi idijithi, ukuphosa i-akhawunti, okanye ukubala kabini kulula. Abavavanyi abohlukeneyo banokubandakanya okanye bangabandakanyi ii-akhawunti ngokwahlukileyo-umz. ikhadi levenkile elileleyo okanye ii-akhawunti eziphikisanayo-ngoko ingxelo efanayo inokukhupha amanani ahlukeneyo e-DTI xa isetyenziswa ngabantu abohlukeneyo okanye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Oko kungafani kujongela phantsi ubulungisa kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukukhusela izigqibo kuphicotho-zincwadi. Akukho mthombo mnye wenyaniso: i-DTI inokubakho kuphela kwinowuthi okanye kwiseli yespreadsheet, kungekho khonkco apho ingxelo okanye ii-akhawunti zisetyenzisiwe. Ukuyakhela ngokutsha i-NCR okanye umphicothi-zincwadi wangaphakathi ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye kaninzi akugqitywanga.
IDatha yeBureau eLungisiweyo: I-DTI ezenzekelayo, engaguqukiyo
Xa idatha ye-bureau icwangcisiwe-icalulwe kwiinkalo ezifanayo ze-akhawunti, ibhalansi, izavenge, kunye nengeniso (apho ikhoyo) -i-DTI ingabalwa ngokuzenzekelayo kusetyenziswa ifomula efanayo kunye nemithetho efanayo kwimeko nganye. Oko kususa ukuguquguquka okuza kutsalwa ngesandla kunye nokhetho lwe-ad hoc.
Idatha eyakhiweyo ithetha ukuba i-akhawunti nganye ihlelwa ngokulandelelanayo: zeziphi ii-akhawunti ezibandakanyiweyo “kwizibophelelo zetyala lilonke,” zifunyanwa njani izavenge xa i-bureau ingaziboneleli, kunye nendlela ingeniso edityaniswa ngayo xa kukho imithombo emininzi. Ifomulaiqhuba ngendlela efanayo kubacebisi bamatyala, abarhwebi, kunye nabaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, ukuze umboleki omnye avelise i-DTI efanayo nokuba ngubani oqhuba uvavanyo. Utshintsho ekuhambeni kwexesha luyalandeleka: xa ingxelo entsha itsalwa, inkqubo inokuthelekisa i-DTI novavanyo lwangaphambili kwaye ibonise ukuba indawo yomthengi iphucule okanye iyancipha. Ngenxa yokuba ubalo lusekelwe kwimigaqo kwaye lugcinwe ngekhonkco kwingxelo ephantsi, umkhondo wophicotho-zincwadi ucacile: yeyiphi ingxelo, yeyiphi i-akhawunti, yeyiphi ifomula, kwaye sithini isiphumo. Oko kuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kweNCA kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezikhuselekayo.
Iifemu ezisuka kwi-PDF-based manual DTI ukuya kwidata ye-bureau ecwangcisiweyo ayitshintshi intsingiselo ye-DTI-ilungisa ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuphicothwa. Umlinganiselo uhlala ungundoqo ekufikeleleni, ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo, kunye nokuboleka; ibalwe ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke iimeko kwaye inokucaciswa kwaye iveliswe kwakhona xa kuyimfuneko.
Qinisekisa ukubala kweDTI ngokungaguqukiyo kwiqela lakho lonke
Umlinganiselo wetyala-kwingeniso ubalulekile kuvavanyo lokufikeleleka, ukuthotyelwa kweNCA, kunye nokuphathwa kakuhle kwabathengi. Ukuyibala ngokuqhubekayo kufuna iinkcazo ezicacileyo, ifomyula eqhelekileyo, kunye nedatha ye-bureau kwifom exhasa ukubala okuphindaphindayo-engatshixwanga kwii-PDF apho ukufakwa kwakhona kwesitshixo kunye nokutolika kuzisa iimpazamo kunye nokwahluka.
Dibana no ukubona ukuba idata yekhredithi ecwangcisiweyo yenza ukubalwa kwe-DTI engaguqukiyo kwiqela lakho lonke kwaye igcine umkhondo ocacileyo wophicotho ukusuka kwingxelo yeziko ukuya kwisiphumo.