Uvavanyo lwetyala lokuziSebenzisa | UmKhokelo waseMzantsi Afrika
Uvavanyo lwetyala oziqeshileyo eMzantsi Afrika: iziteyitimenti zebhanki, i-avareji yengeniso, uqinisekiso lwerhafu, kunye nokuthotyelwa kweNCA kubabolekisi nabathengisi. Isikhokelo esisebenzayo.
Uvavanyo lwetyala ozisebenzelayo eMzantsi Afrika luzisa umngeni ocacileyo kubaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nee-brokers. Apho abafaki-zicelo abahlawulwayo banikezela ngeephetshana zomvuzo kunye neeleta zengqesho, umfaki-sicelo ozisebenzelayo udla ngokuba nomvuzo ongaqhelekanga, enemivuzo emininzi, kwaye akukho xwebhu olunye olubonisa ngokucocekileyo amandla okuhlawula. Ababolekisi kunye nabarhwebi kufuneka basanelise iimfuno ezifanayo zoMthetho weSizwe weTyala (NCA)—amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zezimali kunye nezibophelelo—kodwa izixhobo neendlela zokufundisa ziyahluka. Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba kutheni abafaki-zicelo abazisebenzelayo bekunzima ukuvavanya, indlela yokuqinisekisa ingeniso usebenzisa izitetimenti zebhanki kunye neembuyekezo zerhafu, indlela yokusingatha ingeniso yexesha kunye nengaqhelekanga, kunye nendlela ababolekisi abancinci kunye nabarhwebi abanokusebenzisa ngayo indlela ehambelanayo, ehambelanayo. Ngolwakhelo olubanzi, bona i- Isikhokelo sovavanyo lokufikeleleka.
Kutheni abafaki-zicelo abaziqeshileyo bekunzima ukuba bavavanye
Kubasebenzi bekhredithi, eyona ngxaki iphambili kukuqinisekisa. Umqeshwa ohlawulwayo ubonisa ipeyislip evela kumqeshi owaziwayo; igama lomqeshi, intlawulo yesambuku yomthengi, kunye nokutsalwa ngokomthetho ziyabonakala kwaye zinokutshekishwa. Umenzi-sicelo ozisebenzelayo akananto ilingana nayo. Umvuzo unokuvela kwishishini elilodwa, kwinkampani encinci, umsebenzi ozimeleyo, okanye umxube wemithombo. Isenokwahluka inyanga nenyanga—unokontraka ohlawulayo ekugqityweni kweprojekthi, umnini wespaza oneencopho zamaxesha onyaka, okanye umcebisi osebenza rhoqo ngekota. Oko kuguquguquka kwenza kube nzima ukuphendula umbuzo ofunwa yi-NCA: zeziphi iindlela zezimali ezikhoyo zomthengi kunye namathemba?
Iingeniso ezininzi zongeza ubunzima. Umthengi usenokufumanaingeniso yerenti, imirhumo yokubonisana, kunye nezabelo; umsinga ngamnye unokuba nexesha elahlukileyo kunye namaxwebhu. Ipheyislip enye ibonisa inani elinye; Kulowo uziqeshileyo, umvavanyi kufuneka enze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi na ingeniso emayiquke, ngeliphi ixesha, kunye nendlela yokuyidibanisa okanye i-avareji. Ngaphandle kwendlela eqhelekileyo, omnye umvavanyi unokusebenzisa iikhredithi zebhanki zenyanga yokugqibela, omnye umyinge weenyanga ezintandathu, kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwerhafu lwamva nje-ukuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokufikeleleka kumfaki-sicelo ofanayo. Ukungahambelani kudala zombini ubulungisa kunye nomngcipheko wokuthotyelwa.
Kutheni iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zihlala zisilela
Iifemu ezininzi zisaxhomekeke kwiingxelo zebhanki ze-PDF, iispredishithi ze-Excel, kunye nokugweba ngesandla. Umvavanyi ufumana iinyanga ezintathu okanye ezintandathu zeengxelo, akhangele iidipozithi, kwaye mhlawumbi uthatha inyanga ephezulu, i-avareji, okanye uqikelelo olubi. Akukho mgaqo usemgangathweni apho intengiselwano ibalwa njengengeniso (imbuyekezo, iimbuyiselo, kunye nokudluliselwa komntu kunokunyusa inani), kwaye akukho khonkco phakathi kweengxelo eziluhlaza kunye nenani lokugqibela elisetyenziswe ekubaleni ukufikeleleka. Xa i-NCR okanye umphicothi-zincwadi ebuza ukuba ingeniso igqitywe njani, impendulo ihlala ithi “sijonge kwiingxelo,” nto leyo engenakukhuselwa.
Iimbuyekezo zerhafu zisetyenziswa kancinci okanye zisetyenziswa gwenxa. Amaxwebhu e-eFiling akwaSARS—IT12 (imbuyekezo yerhafu yengeniso), i-IT34 (isiteyitimenti seakhawunti yerhafu)—abonelela ngembono eqinisekisiweyo yengeniso ebhengeziweyo, kodwa asoloko ecelwa kuphela kwizibonelelo ezinkulu okanye angahoywa ngokuxhasa iziteyitimenti zebhanki kuba zibonwa njengezicothayo okanye zintsonkothile. Isiphumo sesokuba iimvavanyo zokuzisebenzela ziyahluka ngokovavanyi kunye nombolekisi: ezinye iifemu zamkela umvuzo ochaziweyo.ngokuqinisekiswa okuncinci, abanye bafuna amaxwebhu apheleleyo erhafu, kwaye abaninzi bahlala phakathi kunye nemithetho ye-ad hoc. Oko kungangqinelani kuyingxaki ku- ICandelo lama-81 leNCA, efuna amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo kumniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko. Into ebaluleke kakhulu “njengengqiqo” akufuneki ixhomekeke kwidesika yefayile ehlala kuyo.
Lujongeka njani uvavanyo lwetyala lokuziSebenzisa oluLungileyo
Indlela efanelekileyo ineentsika ezintathu: imithombo yengeniso echaziweyo, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokulinganisa, kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuhambelana neziko kunye nomngcipheko.
Uhlalutyo lwesiteyitimenti sebhanki njengesona sixhobo siphambili
Kwabaninzi abafake izicelo abazisebenzelayo, iziteyitimenti zebhanki zezona bungqina busebenzayo bengeniso. Abasebenzi abahlawulwayo banamaphepha omvuzo; abaziqeshileyo banedipozithi. Umvavanyi kufuneka achaze ukuba zeziphi iikhredithi ezibalwa njengengeniso-ngokuqhelekileyo iirisithi zeshishini, iintlawulo zabathengi, kunye nokudluliselwa rhoqo kwi-akhawunti yeshishini-kwaye ingabandakanyi izinto eziphumayo ezifana nokubuyisela imali, iimali-mboleko ezifunyenweyo, okanye ukudluliselwa komntu phakathi kwee-akhawunti zomthengi. Ixesha kufuneka licace: iinyanga ezintathu zincinci kwiipateni zokubona; iinyanga ezintandathu ngcono kumashishini ngamaxesha. Isiphumo kufuneka sibe yi-avareji yengeniso yenyanga, ebhalwe ngendlela (umzekelo, “isixa seekhredithi ezinxulumene neshishini kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, zahlulwe ngesithandathu”) ukuze kusebenze ingqiqo efanayo kwifayile nganye.
Umvuzo ophakathi kwiinyanga ezi-3–6
Umvuzo ongekho mgaqweni kufuneka ulinganiswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umntu osebenzela yena orhola ama-R45,000 kwinyanga enye kunye ne-R12,000 kwelandelayo “akakangqini” ama-R45,000 njengomvuzo ozinzileyo; i-avareji yeenyanga ezintandathu igudisa iiinkcochoyi kunye neekhonkco kwaye inika umfanekiso oyinyani womthamo. Kumashishini onyaka kakhulu-umzekelo ivenkile ye-spaza enenzuzo eqinile kaDisemba kunye neenyanga ezibuthathaka zasebusika-iinyanga ezintandathu okanye iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini zingaba zifanelekileyo ukuze umyinge ungaphambukiswa ngexesha elinye eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi. Umgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka uchaze ixesha elimiselweyo (umzekelo, iinyanga ezintandathu zokuziphangela) kwaye uvumele ixesha elide apho kubonakala ukuba kukho ixesha lonyaka. Lo mndilili ngoko udibanisa ityala-kwingeniso kunye nengqondo yokufikeleleka esetyenziswa kubafaki-zicelo abahlawulwayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwembuyekezo yerhafu apho kufanelekileyo
Iimbuyekezo zerhafu zongeza umaleko wesibini wokuqinisekisa. Amaxwebhu e-eFiling akwaSARS—IT12 (imbuyekezo yonyaka) kunye ne-IT34 (i-akhawunti yerhafu)—abonisa ingeniso echaziweyo kunye nerhafu ehlawulweyo. Ziluncedo kumaziko amakhulu okanye apho ingeniso yesiteyitimenti sebhanki ingacacanga, kwaye zilungelelanisa uhlolo kunye noko kubhengezwe ngumthengi kugunyaziwe wengeniso. Azisoloko zisexesheni (imbuyekezo yamva nje inokuba yeyonyaka ongaphambili), ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakuhle kunye neengxelo zebhanki zakutsha nje: irhafu iqinisekisa inqanaba lengeniso kwixesha elide; Iziteyitimenti zebhanki ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kwemali yakutshanje. Apho umboleki engenako okanye engayi kubonelela ngamaxwebhu erhafu, umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka enze isigqibo sokuba ingaba iziteyitimenti zebhanki zizodwa zanele ubungakanani boncedo kunye nomngcipheko, aze abhale eso sigqibo.
uMvuzo wamaxesha athile kunye noNgaqhelekanga: Imizekelo esebenzayo
Iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zokuzisebenzela zifuna ukuphathwa okwahluke kancinane. Imigaqo-ichaza ingeniso, i-avareji ngexesha elifanelekileyo, iqinisekisa apho kunokwenzeka-isebenza kubo bonke; iinkcukacha ziyahluka.
A ivenkile yespazaumnikazi unokuba nentengiso eqinile kaDisemba kunye neeholide kunye neenyanga ezithuleyo phakathi. Ukusebenzisa kuphela eyona nyanga igqwesileyo yokugqithisa umthamo; usebenzisa kuphela ezona zingaphantsi zimbi. Umyinge weenyanga ezintandathu okanye ezilishumi elinesibini zeedipozithi zeshishini, kunye nomgaqo ocacileyo wento ebalulekileyo njengengeniso yeshishini (kude kube yidiphozithi, izaphulelo zababoneleli, njl. njl.), inika isiseko esifanelekileyo. umcebisi osebenza yedwa unokukhuphela i-invoyisi kubathengi ngenyanga okanye ekupheleni kweprojekthi; ingeniso ingaba ngamaqhuma. Kwakhona, ukwenza i-avareji ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu kunye nokungabandakanyi iintlawulo zeprojekthi enye ukuba aziphindi zithintele ukuphononongwa okungaphaya nangaphantsi. ikhontrakthi encinci (umzekelo, umakhi, umtywini) unokufumana iintlawulo zenkqubela; iikhredithi zebhanki ziya kubonisa imijikelo yemisebenzi. Ukuchaza “ingeniso” njengediphozithi enxulumene norhwebo kunye ne-avareji yeenyanga ezintandathu ithatha ipateni ngaphandle kokufuna ipeyislip engekhoyo.
Kwimeko nganye, umvavanyi kufuneka aqaphele uhlobo lweshishini kunye nexesha elikhethiweyo lokulinganisa kwifayile, ukwenzela ukuba imali engenayo iphinde iphinde iphinde ikhuselwe. Ku- ababolekisi abancinci, abasoloko bebona abafaki-zicelo abazisebenzelayo ngaphezulu kuneebhanki ezinkulu, ukubeka emgangathweni le ndlela kunciphisa ukungangqinelani kwaye kuxhasa zombini umgangatho wepotfoliyo kunye nolindelo lwe-NCR.
I-NCA kunye nokuThobela iCandelo lama-81 liyasebenza kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lweNgqesho
ICandelo lama-81 le-NCA lifuna ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvavanya iindlela zezimali ezikhoyo zomboleki, amathuba, kunye nezibophelelo phambi kokuba bangene kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko. Olo xanduva lusebenza nokuba umboleki uqeshiwe okanye uziqeshile. I-NCR ayimiselanga ndlela enyeukuze kuqinisekiswe umvuzo wokuzisebenzela; ilindele ukuba abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko basebenzise ulwazi olufumanekayo kubo kunye nokubhala oko kwenziweyo. Ukuxhomekeka kwingeniso echaziweyo ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa akunakwenzeka ukuba kwanelise “amanyathelo afanelekileyo.” Ukusebenzisa iziteyitimenti zebhanki ngendlela ecacileyo, engaguqukiyo kunye nokongeza kwiimbuyekezo zerhafu apho kufanelekileyo yindlela ekhuselayo.
Imiba yokugcinwa kweerekhodi. Umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kufuneka akwazi ukubonisa ukuba yeyiphi ingeniso esetyenzisiweyo, ifunyenwe njani, kwaye ingene njani kuvavanyo lokufikeleleka. Xa idatha ye-bureau icwangcisiwe kwaye ukuhamba komsebenzi wokuvavanya kubamba umthombo wengeniso, ixesha eliphakathi, kunye namaxwebhu okuqinisekisa kwindawo enye, ikhonkco phakathi kobungqina bomfaki-sicelo oziqeshileyo kunye nesigqibo esicacileyo. Ixhasa zombini iimfuno zomkhondo wophicotho kunye nonyango olungaguqukiyo kubo bonke abafake izicelo. Ngomfanekiso opheleleyo wezibophelelo zeNCA, bona i- Isikhokelo sokuthotyelwa kweNational Credit Act.
Ukusebenza okuSebenzayo: Ukusuka kumaxwebhu ukuya kwisigqibo
Ukusebenza, ukuhamba kukuba: ukuqokelela iziteyitimenti zebhanki (kunye namaxwebhu erhafu ukuba ayafuneka), chaza kwaye ukhuphe ingeniso, i-avareji kwixesha elikhethiweyo, emva koko utyise isiphumo kwisakhelo sokufikeleleka esifanayo esisetyenziselwa wonke umntu-izibophelelo ezikhoyo ezivela kwingxelo ye-bureau, iindleko zokuhlala, izavenge ezicetywayo, kunye amanqaku ekhredithi okanye ezinye izalathisi zomngcipheko. Umfaki-sicelo ozisebenzelayo akavavanywa kumgangatho owahlukileyo; bavavanywa ngamagalelo ahlukeneyo. Isiphumo-ngaba lo mthengi anganakho ukufumana le mboleko-ngumbuzo ofanayo.
Ababolekisi abancinci kunye nabathengi bamatyala bahlala bebona isabelo esiphezulu sabafaki-zicelo abazisebenzelayo kuneebhanki eziqhelekileyo. Kubabolekisi abancinci, ukulinganisaindlela yokuqinisekisa ingeniso (umzekelo, umndilili weenyanga ezintandathu ukusuka kwiingxelo zebhanki, irhafu apho uncedo lungaphezu kwama-R50,000) iqinisekisa ukuba abavavanyi abaphuculi imeko nganye. Kubathengisi, abafaki-zicelo abazisebenzelayo kwangaphambili abanengqiqo efanayo baphucula umgangatho wezicelo ezithunyelwa kubabolekisi kwaye kucuthwe ukwaliwa okuvela kumaxwebhu engeniso angacacanga okanye angangqinelaniyo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, ukuba nomgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo kunye nendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokurekhoda umthombo wengeniso kunye nokubala kuxhasa umthamo, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuthotyelwa.
Yeyabani Le
Le ndlela yenzelwe abaniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko kunye nabathengi bamatyala abavavanya abafaki-zicelo abazisebenzelayo eMzantsi Afrika. Ibaluleke ngakumbi kubabolekisi-mali abancinci, abathi rhoqo basebenze nabanini bespaza, abarhwebi, kunye neekontraka ezincinci; kubarhwebi beentengo zemboleko abafaka izicelo kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba bangenise kubabolekisi; kunye naye nawuphi na umniki-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko obhalisiweyo yi-NCR ofuna indlela engaguqukiyo, ebhaliweyo yokuhlola ukufikeleleka ngokuzisebenzela. Abacebisi ngamatyala basenokudibana nabathengi abazisebenzelayo ekuphononongeni amatyala; imigaqo efanayo-ingeniso eqinisekisiweyo, i-avareji, kunye namaxwebhu acacileyo-iyasebenza xa kumiselwa ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo kunye noyilo lweziphakamiso zohlengahlengiso. Injongo ngumgangatho omnye wokunyamekela: amanyathelo afanelekileyo, asetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nomzila ocacileyo wophicotho ukusuka kubungqina ukuya kwisigqibo. Iifemu ezenza ngokusesikweni umgaqo-nkqubo wazo wokuziqeshisa zinciphisa zombini ixesha elichithwe kwiingxoxo ezibukhali kunye nomngcipheko weziphumo ezingahambelaniyo kuphononongo lwe-NCR.
Indlela engaguqukiyo yoVavanyo lwetyala lokuziSebenzisa
Uvavanyo lwetyala lokuzisebenzela eMzantsi Afrikaayifuni mgangatho wasemthethweni owahlukileyo—ifuna indlela yokuqinisekisa eyahlukileyo. Uhlalutyo lwesiteyitimenti sebhanki kunye nexesha elichaziweyo lomndilili, oluncediswa ziimbuyekezo zerhafu apho kufanelekileyo, lunika abaniki-nkonzo zeentengo zemboleko kunye nabarhwebi indlela ekhuselekayo yokuvavanya iindlela zemali xa iipheyislips zingekho. Ukubeka emgangathweni loo ndlela kubo bonke abavavanyi kunye nokuyinxulumanisa nokufikeleleka okucwangcisiweyo kunye nedatha ye-bureau kunciphisa ukungangqinelani kunye nokuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kweNCA.
Dibana no ukubona ukuba uvavanyo lwetyala olucwangcisiweyo lunokuxhasa njani uqinisekiso lomvuzo olungaguqukiyo kunye nezigqibo zokufikeleleka kubafaki-zicelo abazisebenzelayo kuwo wonke umbhobho wakho.