Amakhodi Wephrofayela Yokukhokha eNingizimu Afrika | Umhlahlandlela Wokutolika
Humusha amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha asetshenziswa emibikweni yehhovisi laseNingizimu Afrika, thola amaphethini okukhokha, futhi uguqule umlando we-akhawunti ube amasiginali ezingozi ezingase zisebenze.
Izinhlamvu zephrofayela yokukhokha ziyirekhodi lenyanga nenyanga lokuthi umthengi ukhokhe kanjani i-akhawunti yekhredithi ngayinye, emelelwa njengamakhodi ezinombolo emibikweni ye-credit bureau yaseNingizimu Afrika. Kubeluleki ngezikweletu, abadayisi bezikweletu, nabanikezeli bezikweletu, bayingxenye yezingxenye ezifundisa kakhulu zombiko—kodwa ngefomu le-PDF avamise ukusetshenziswa kaNCAne ngenxa yokuthi zibonakala njengezintambo eziminyene zamadijithi ezingenawo umongo noma ukwakheka. Ukuqonda ukuthi lawa makhodi asho ukuthini, afundwa kanjani, nokuthi yimaphi amaphethini okufanele uwabheke kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukufinyeleleka olunzulu nokuhlola ubungozi. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza umgomo ojwayelekile wokufaka amakhodi osetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika, indlela yokuhumusha imigqa yephrofayela yokukhokha kuwo wonke ama-bureau, kungani kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwekhredithi nokuthobela i-NCA, nokuthi ukuhlelwa kwale datha kuyishintsha kanjani ibe izimpawu zengcuphe esikhundleni sombhalo ongashintshi ekhasini.
Yiziphi Izintambo Zephrofayela Yokukhokha
Iyunithi yezinhlamvu zephrofayela yokukhokha iwuchungechunge lwezinhlamvu—ngokuvamile amadijithi—lapho uhlamvu ngalunye lumelela khona isimo sokukhokha se-akhawunti enyangeni ethile. Isikhundla esisodwa sihambisana nenyanga eyodwa; Ngakho-ke uchungechunge olugcwele lunikeza umbono wokulandelana kwezikhathi wokuthi umthengi ubesesikhathini yini, inyanga eyodwa elele emuva, izinyanga ezimbili ezilele emuva, noma kwesinye isimo (isb. ukucishwa, isinyathelo somthetho, ukubuyekezwa kwesikweletu) ngayinye yalezo zinyanga. I-Bureaux ithola idatha yokukhokha kubahlinzeki bezikweletu futhi iyiveze kuleli fomu elihlangene ukuze abahloli babone ukuziphatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokufunda ukulandisa okude. Kubasebenzi bezikweletu, intambo iphendula umbuzo obalulekile: hhayi kuphela “iyini ibhalansi namuhla?” kodwa “kanjani lokhui-akhawunti ikhokhiwe ezinyangeni ezingu-24 noma ezingu-36 ezidlule?” Lokho kubuka kokuziphatha kumaphakathi amagoli esikweletu, ekuboneni izimpawu zakuqala ze-ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile, kanye nokuqonda ukuthi umthengi uyathuthuka, uzinzile, noma uyawohloka ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-uhlu olubi okusemthethweni.
Ingqungquthela Yekhodi Ejwayelekile eNingizimu Afrika
Izikhungo zezikweletu zaseNingizimu Afrika ngokuvamile zilandela isimiso esivamile samakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha, nakuba izimpawu eziqondile namalebula angahluka kancane ngokwehhovisi nangomkhiqizo. I-logic core ithi:
Izikweleti zezinombolo: 0 = ezisesikhathini samanje (okwamanje), 1 = inyanga eyodwa usalele emuva, 2 = izinyanga ezimbili usalele emuva, 3 = izinyanga ezintathu, njalo njalo. Izinombolo eziphakeme zibonisa ubuhlongandlebe obunzima kakhulu kuleyo nyanga.
Amakhodi akhethekile: Ngaphandle kwezibalo ezilula zezikweletu ezisilele emuva, izikhungo zisebenzisa amakhodi engeziwe ukuze kucishwe icala, izinyathelo zomthetho, ukubuyekezwa kwezikweletu, ukukhokhela, kanye nezimo ezifanayo. Isibonelo, i-akhawunti esuliwe ingase iboniswe ngekhodi ehlukile (isb. “W” noma idijithi ethile); ama-akhawunti angaphansi kwesenzo somthetho noma ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu angase abe nezimpawu zawo. Lawa makhodi abalulekile ngoba awabonisi nje ukukhokha sekwephuzile kodwa noshintsho olusemthethweni esimweni se-akhawunti—futhi ngokuvamile andulela noma aphelezela uhlu olubi embikweni.
Abasebenzi kufanele baqinisekise inganekwane yombiko wehhovisi ngalinye abawusebenzisayo. I-Experian, i-TransUnion, ne-Datanamix ngayinye ishicilela noma inikeze izincazelo zokhiye wekhodi; ukusebenzisa inganekwane engalungile kungaholela ekufundeni kabi. Uma isivumelwano sesaziwa, umqondo ofanayo uyasebenza kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti kanye namakhasimende—yingakho ukulungisa incazelo kunqubomgomo nasezinhlelweni kunciphisa amaphutha lapho amaningi.imibiko iyacutshungulwa.
Ungayifunda Kanjani Iyunithi Yephrofayela Yokukhokha
Ukufunda uchungechunge lwephrofayela yokukhokha kudinga ukwazi izinto ezimbili: isiqondiso sesikhathi (isiphi isiphetho esidala kakhulu, esakamuva kakhulu) nobude beyunithi yezinhlamvu.
Ukulandelana kwezikhathi: Ngokuya ngehhovisi kanye nesakhiwo sombiko, iyunithi yezinhlamvu ingase ifundeke kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla (inyanga endala kwesokunxele, yakamuva kakhulu kwesokudla) noma kwesokudla kuye kwesokunxele (endala kwesokudla, okwakamuva kakhulu kwesokunxele). Ukungafundi kahle isikhombisi-ndlela kubuyisela indaba: lokho okubukeka njengokuthuthuka kwakamuva kungase kube umlando omdala, noma okuphambene nalokho. Njalo hlola isakhiwo noma inganekwane ngaphambi kokwenza iziphetho mayelana nokuziphatha “kwakamuva”.
Ubude: Izintambo ngokuvamile zimelela izinyanga ezingu-24 noma ezingu-36 zomlando, ngezinye izikhathi ezingu-12. Ubude bungalungiswa (isb. njalo izinhlamvu ezingu-24) noma ziguquguquke; iyunithi yezinhlamvu ezimfishane ingase isho ukuthi i-akhawunti yintsha noma ukuthi i-bureau ithole idatha kuphela isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Ukwazi ubude kukusiza ukuthi uchaze ukuthi ungakanani umlando owubonayo kanye nokuthi ingabe ukugijima koziro ekugcineni kusho ukuthi “okwamanje ezinyangeni ezingu-X zokugcina” noma “ayikho idatha yaleso sikhathi.”
Uma isiqondiso nobude sebucacile, ungakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kweyunithi yezinhlamvu inyanga nenyanga futhi uqaphele ukuthi izikweleti zivelaphi, zithatha isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi zikhona yini izigaba zokubuyisela (isb. 2, 2, 1, 0, 0) noma ukonakala (isb. 0, 0, 1, 2, 3).
Imaphi Amaphethini okufanele uwabheke
Iyunithi yezinhlamvu zephrofayela yokukhokha zembula amaphethini okuziphatha ifulegi elilodwa elithi “okwamanje” noma “elisilele emuva” elingakwazi.
Izikweleti ezilandelanayo (ukuziphatha okuwohlokayo): Ukulandelana kwezinombolo ezikhulayo—isb. 0, 1, 2, 2, 3—ibonisa i-akhawunti isukaingena ezikweletini ezijulile. Lesi isignali eqinile yengcindezi futhi ngokuvamile isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokuzenzakalelayo okusemthethweni noma ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile kumenyezelwe. Ama-akhawunti amaningi anokonakala okufanayo kufayela lomthengi ahlanganisa ukukhathazeka.
Amaphethini okubuyisela (ukuthuthukiswa): Ukulandelana okufana nokuthi 3, 2, 1, 0, 0 kubonisa umthengi ebuyisela i-akhawunti kweyamanje. Lokho kungase kusekele umbono ovuna kakhudlwana wokuziphatha kwakamuva kanye nokuzimisela ukulungisa, ngisho noma i-akhawunti ibike yaba nobunzima ngaphambilini.
Amaphethini esizini: Abanye abathengi babonisa ukukhokhelwa okuphindaphindiwe ezinyangeni ezithile (isb. ngemva kukaDisemba noma imali yesikole) bese bethola. Ukubona isikhathi sonyaka kusiza ukugwema ukujezisa ngokweqile inyanga eyodwa embi lapho ithrendi iyonke izinzile.
Ushintsho olungazelelwe: Ubude besikhathi eside boziro obulandelwa u-2 noma 3 ngokuzumayo bungase bubonise isenzakalo sempilo, ukulahlekelwa umholo, noma ukuzinikela ngokweqile. Kudinga ukunakwa lapho kuhlolwa isikweletu esisha noma kubuyekezwa ukuchayeka okukhona.
Ukuhlonza lawa maphethini ngokwenza kuma-akhawunti amaningi kanye namakhasimende kudla isikhathi. Uma umqondo ofanayo ubhalwe ngekhodi emithethweni futhi usetshenziswa kudatha ehleliwe, amafulegi angaphakanyiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo—isb. “noma iyiphi i-akhawunti enezinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ezilandelanayo ezisilele emuva ezinyangeni ezingu-12”—ukuze abahloli bagxile kokuhlukile kunokuba bafunde kabusha yonke iyunithi yezinhlamvu.
Ihluke kanjani I-Bureox Yethula Amaphrofayili Wokukhokha
I-Experian, TransUnion, ne-Datanamix zonke zihlinzeka ngomlando wokukhokha, kodwa ukwakheka nokwethulwa kuyehluka.
I-Experian imibiko ngokuvamile ibonisa uchungechunge lwephrofayela yokukhokha esigabeni somugqa wokuhweba ku-akhawunti ngayinye, enokhiye nomainganekwane kwenye indawo embikweni. Umhlangano (0 = wamanje, 1 = inyanga engu-1, njll.) uhambisana nenkambiso yemboni, kodwa isakhiwo esiqondile nanoma imaphi amakhodi akhethekile kufanele aqinisekiswe embikweni noma kumadokhumenti e-Experian.
I-TransUnion isebenzisa isimiso sezinombolo esifanayo ngomlando wokukhokha emibikweni yayo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Isikolo se-Empirica nezinye izinkomba zobungozi ziqhutshwa ngokwengxenye yile datha yokukhokha; ukuqonda iyunithi yezinhlamvu eziyisisekelo kusiza odokotela babone ukuthi kungani amaphuzu angaba phezulu noma aphansi futhi basebenzise imithetho yabo phezulu.
Idathanamix (kuhlanganise neCompuscan) futhi yethula amaphrofayela okukhokha ngendlela efanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Datanamix ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi okugxile ekuthengeni, ukuziphatha kokukhokha kulayini ngamunye wezohwebo kubaluleke kakhulu kubeluleki bezikweletu nababolekisi abadinga ukubeka phambili ama-akhawunti noma ukuchaza ubungozi kumakhasimende.
Umqondo wedatha oyisisekelo uyafana kuwo wonke ama-burea; umehluko usekuhlelweni, ukulebula, nanoma imaphi amakhodi aqondene ne-bureau. Ezinkampanini eziphuma kuma-bureau amaningi, ukwenza idatha yephrofayela yokukhokha ibe yisakhiwo esivamile kuvumela imithetho yephethini efanayo namafulegi ukuthi asetshenziswe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi ihhovisi elinikeze umbiko.
Kungani Amaphrofayili Okukhokha Abalulekile Ekuhlolweni Kwesikweletu
Amaphrofayela okukhokha abalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu ezibalulekile.
Zembula ukuziphatha okungaphezu kwebhalansi yamanje. Umthengi angase abe “okwamanje” namuhla kodwa abe nomlando wokukhokha sekwephuzile okuphindaphindiwe; omunye kungenzeka ukuthi usanda kukweleta kodwa useyikhokhile futhi wahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yephrofayela ithwebula lowo mlando futhi isekela ukubuka okunucanekunenkambu yesimo esisodwa.
Babikezela ubungozi besikhathi esizayo. Ukuziphatha kokukhokha okuqhubekayo noma okuba kubi kuhlotshaniswa nobungozi obuzenzakalelayo obuphezulu; ukuhlanza noma ukuthuthukisa amaphrofayili asekela ubungozi obuphansi. I-Bureaux isebenzisa le datha kumamodeli amagoli esikweletu, futhi ochwepheshe bezikweletu bangayisebenzisa kuzinqubomgomo zabo—isb. ukwehla noma ukubeka isikweletu uma amaphrofayili akamuva ekhombisa iphethini echaziwe yokuwohloka.
Basekela ukuthobela kwe-NCA. Ngaphansi kwe-NCA, abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola umlando wokukhokha isikweletu somthengi kanye nezindlela zezimali ngaphambi kokunikeza isikweletu. Amaphrofayela okukhokha awubufakazi obuqondile bomlando wokukhokha. Ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela engaguquki, ebhalwe phansi kusiza ekuboniseni ukuthi ukuhlola bekucophelela nokuthi isinqumo besisekelwe kudatha etholakalayo—ukunciphisa ukuboleka budedengu nobungozi bokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile.
Inkinga Ngokufunda Amaphrofayili Okukhokha kuma-PDF
Embikweni wesikweletu se-PDF, izintambo zephrofayela yokukhokha zivela njengeyunithi yezinhlamvu zezinombolo (futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezinhlamvu) eduze noma ngaphansi kwe-akhawunti ngayinye. Asikho isakhiwo se-semantic: isistimu “ayazi” ukuthi isikhundla 7 “ngoMashi 2024” noma ukuthi inani “2” lisho izinyanga ezimbili ezilele emuva. Umhloli kufanele afunde iyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye, akhumbule isimiso, futhi asebenzise ngengqondo imithetho yephethini. Kuma-akhawunti amaningi kanye namakhulu emibiko, leyo ndlela ayilingani. Kunzima ukuphendula imibuzo efana nokuthi “yimaphi ama-akhawunti aleli klayenti esibe nezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezimbili ezilandelanayo ngesikweletu onyakeni odlule?” noma “zingaki izinhlelo zethu zakamuva ezibonise iphrofayela ewohlokayo kunoma iyiphi i-akhawunti?” ngaphandle kokuvula i-PDF ngayinye kanyengibheka mathupha. Ukungaguquguquki kuba nzima lapho abahlaziyi abahlukene behumusha iyunithi yezinhlamvu efanayo ngendlela ehlukile noma lapho imithetho yenqubomgomo (“ihlaba umkhosi uma 3+ izikweleti ezilandelanayo”) isetshenziswa kuphela lapho othile ekhumbula ukubheka. Ayikho indlela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokuhlunga, ukubuza, noma ukuqhathanisa amaphrofayela okukhokha kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti noma kuwo wonke amakhasimende—ngakho idatha ihlala ikhiyiwe kudokhumenti.
Ukuthi Idatha Eyakhiwe Iwaguqula Kanjani Amaphrofayili Enkokhelo Abe Amasignali Engcuphe Angase Asebenze
Lapho idatha yephrofayela yokukhokha ikhishwa emibikweni ye-bureau futhi igcinwe ngendlela ehlelekile—isikhundla ngasinye sihlukanisiwe, ikhodi ngayinye ifakwe kumephu yencazelo evamile, kanye ne-akhawunti ngayinye exhunywe kumthengi kanye nombiko—kuyenzeka ukusebenzisa imithetho ngokungaguquki nangesilinganiso. Ukuhlaba umkhosi okuzenzakalelayo kungaveza ama-akhawunti (noma abathengi) ahlangabezana nemibandela echaziwe: isibonelo, noma iyiphi i-akhawunti enezinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ezilandelanayo ezisilele ngemuva ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezilandelanayo, noma noma yimuphi umthengi onama-akhawunti amabili noma ngaphezulu abonisa iphethini ewohlokayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi kungaqhathanisa i-akhawunti efanayo kuzo zonke izinsuku zombiko ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukuziphatha kuyathuthuka noma kuba kubi. Imithetho engaguquki ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo, ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubomgomo efanayo kuso sonke isicelo noma ifayela lokubuyekeza isikweletu. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ingqondo icacile futhi idatha iyalandeleka, ukuhlola kuyahloleka: umcwaningi mabhuku noma i-NCR ingabona ukuthi iyiphi idatha esetshenzisiwe, yimiphi imithetho esetshenzisiwe, nokuthi umphumela wafinyelelwa kanjani. Lelo inani elingokoqobo lokuhlela amaphrofayili okukhokha—hhayi ukushintshwa “kwamaphuzu” okukodwa, kodwa idatha yehhovisi elifanayo iphenduke amasiginali aqhathanisekayo, aqhutshwa umthetho, alungele izinqumosekela ukuhlolwa kwekhredithi okusheshayo, okungaguquki, nokuvikeleka.
Uchungechunge lwephrofayela yokukhokha namakhodi abalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi abathengi baseNingizimu Afrika bawakhokhe kanjani ama-akhawunti abo esikweletu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuzitolika ngendlela efanele—usebenzisa ingqungquthela efanele, isiqondiso, nobude—kanye nokubheka ukuwohloka, ukululama, namanye amaphethini kusiza ochwepheshe bezikweletu bahlole ubungozi futhi bahlangabezane nokulindelwe yi-NCA. Uma leyo datha ihlala kuma-PDF, isetshenziswa kancane; uma yakhiwe, ingashayela ukuhlaba umkhosi okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi, nemithetho engaguquki kuzo zonke izimo. Xhumana ukuze uguqule amaphrofayela okukhokha abe amasiginali engcuphe engenzeka futhi ubone ukuthi idatha yenhlangano ehlelekile isekela kanjani ukuhlaziya okungaguquki, okufundekayo.