Ukuhlola Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela eNingizimu Afrika

Ukuhlola ukukwazi ukuzikhokhela kuyinqubo yokunquma ukuthi umthengi angakwazi yini ukuhlangabezana nezibopho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sesikweletu esihlongozwayo noma esikhona ngaphandle kokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile. Ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke (i-NCA), lokhu akukona ukuzikhethela—kuyimfuneko engokomthetho kubanikezeli bezikweletu ngaphambi kokuba banikeze isikweletu, kanye nokufaka okubalulekile kwabeluleki bezikweletu nabadayisi bezikweletu lapho behlola izicelo noma iziphakamiso zokuhlela kabusha izakhiwo. Kubasebenzi bezikweletu baseNingizimu Afrika, ukuqonda lokho okudingwa yi-NCA, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlola ngendlela efanele, kanye nendlela odokotela abahlukene abazisebenzisa ngayo kubalulekile ukuze kuthotshelwe umthetho nasekuthatheni izinqumo ezivikelekayo. Uma ukuhlola kwenziwa mathupha kusuka emibikweni ye-PDF bureau kanye namaspredishithi esikhashana, ukungaguquguquki kanye nokuhleleka kocwaningo kuyaphazamiseka; ukuhlela idatha yehhovisi kanye nokulinganisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wokuhlola kulungisa lezo zikhala futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthobela.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela kuyini ngaphansi kwe-NCA, isisekelo esingokomthetho ezigabeni 81 no-82, izingxenye eziyinhloko (imali engenayo, imali ebanjwayo, izibopho, izindleko zokuphila), indlela abeluleki bezikweletu, abadayisi, nabanikezeli bezikweletu abakusebenzisa ngayo, amaphutha avamile kanye nezingozi zokuthobela imithetho, kanye nendlela idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile esekela ngayo ngokushesha, ngokungaguquguquki, nokucwaningwayo. Iphinde ixhumanise ukufinyeleleka emicabangweni ehlobene: izilinganiso zezikweletu nemali engenayo, amagoli esikweletu, ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile, amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha, kanye uhlu olubi.

Yeka Ukuhlola Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela Ngaphansi Kwe-NCA

UMthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu (uMthetho wama-34 wezi-2005) awuchazi “ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela” esigatshaneni esisodwa, kodwa umqondo wakhiwe kusukela esibophweni sokuhlolaizindlela zezimali zomthengi, amathemba, kanye nezibopho ngaphambi kokuba isikweletu sinikezwe, kanye nokwenqatshelwa kokuboleka budedengu kanye nokwelula isikweletu kubathengi asebecwile ezikweletini kakade. Empeleni, ukuhlola ukukwazi ukuzikhokhela kuwukuhlola ukuthi ingabe umthengi unemali engenayo eyanele etholakalayo—ngemuva kokudonswa kwemali okusemthethweni, ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu ezikhona, kanye nezindleko zokuphila ezizwakalayo—ukuze enze isevisi yekhredithi ehlongozwayo (noma ehlelwe kabusha) ngaphandle kokwehluleka ukukhokha.

Ukuhlola kubheke phambili. Akwanele ukuhlola ukuthi umthengi ukhona yini kuma-akhawunti akhona namuhla; kufanele ucabangele ukuthi bazokwazi yini ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwezivumelwano. Lokho kudinga ukubheka ukuzinza kweholo, uhlelo oluphelele lwezinkokhelo ezikhona, kanye nezindleko zokuphila ezifanele. Umphumela wazisa ukuthi kufanele yini isikweletu esisha sinikezwe, noma ngabe umthengi unezikweletu ezidlulele futhi kufanele adluliselwe ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu, noma ukuthi isiphakamiso sokuhlelwa kabusha kwesikweletu kufanele sakhiwe kanjani ukuze izinkokhelo zisimeme.

Kochwepheshe bezikweletu, ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka ibhuloho phakathi kwehhovisi elingahluziwe kanye nedatha yesicelo kanye nesinqumo: ukunikeza, ukwenqaba, noma ukuhlela kabusha. Ukukwenza kungalungile—kungaba ngokushiya izinyathelo, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingahambisani, noma ukwehluleka ukubhala—kudala ingcuphe engokomthetho neyokulawula. Ukuyilungisa kusho ukusebenzisa indlela ecacile, ukusebenzisa idatha ephelele neqinisekisiwe, nokugcina isixhumanisi esilandelekayo phakathi kwedatha esetshenzisiwe nesiphetho esifinyelelwe.

Izidingo Zomthetho: Izigaba 81 no-82

Isigaba 81 se-NCA sibeka ukuhlolwaisibopho kubahlinzeki bezikweletu. Ngaphambi kokungena esivumelwaneni sesikweletu, umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) kufanele athathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola ukuqonda jikelele komthengi ngobungozi nezindleko zesikweletu esihlongozwayo, amalungelo nezibopho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sesikweletu, kanye nomlando wokukhokha isikweletu somthengi. Umhlinzeki kufanele futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola izindlela zezimali ezikhona zomthengi, amathemba, kanye nezibopho. Ukuhlola kufanele kusekelwe olwazini olutholakala kumnikezi wezikweletu, kuhlanganisa nemininingwane ehlinzekwe umthengi kanye nolwazi olutholwe kwabe-credit bureau.

Isigaba 82 siyakugcizelela lokhu ngokudinga ukuthi umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) angangeni esivumelwaneni sesikweletu (semali-mboleko) ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola ukuqonda komthengi, umlando wokukhokha isikweletu, kanye nezindlela zezimali nezibopho. Ngamanye amazwi, isibopho sisobala futhi siyisibopho. “Izinyathelo eziphusile” zihunyushwe ngokuthi zisho inqubo efanele—ukuqinisekisa imali engenayo lapho kungenzeka khona, ukubuyekezwa kwedatha yehhovisi lezibopho ezikhona, kanye nokucabangela izindleko zokuphila—hhayi nje ibhokisi lokumaka. INational Credit Regulator (NCR) ilindele ukuthi abahlinzeki bezikweletu babhale lokho okuhloliwe nokuthi kufinyelelwe kanjani esiphethweni.

Isixhumanisi sokuboleka imali budedengu siqondile. Ngaphansi kweSigaba 80, isikweletu sibudedengu uma, phakathi kokunye, umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) ehlulekile ukwenza ukuhlola okufanele (Isigaba 80(1)(a)), noma angene esivumelwaneni nakuba azi noma enesizathu sokwazi ukuthi umthengi ubenezikweletu ezidlulele (Isigaba 80(1)(b)(ii)). Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokukwazi ukukhokhela kuyisivikelongokumelene nezinsolo zokubolekisa ngokunganaki: kubonisa ukuthi izinyathelo ezifanele zathathwa nokuthi isinqumo sasisekelwe olwazini olutholakalayo. Lapho kukhonjwa ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile, ukuhlola kufanele kusekele isinqumo sokunganiki esinye isikweletu (noma sokuhlelwa kabusha), futhi lapho isikweletu sinikezwa, kufanele kusekele isiphetho sokuthi umthengi angasikhokhela. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nokubolekwa kwemali budedengu kanye nezibopho zokuhlola, bheka isihloko sethu ku-ukuboleka budedengu ngaphansi kwe-NCA.

Izingxenye Zokuhlola Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela

Ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthenga okufanele kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana. Ukuxutshwa okuqondile kuncike ohlotsheni lwekhredithi, inani, kanye nezinqubomgomo zomhlinzeki wesikweletu noma umsebenzi, kodwa izici ezilandelayo zijwayelekile.

Isamba semali engenayo kanye nezimali ezibanjwayo ezisemthethweni

Isamba semali engenayo isiqalo: iholo, iholo, amakhomishini, imali yokuqasha, imali engenayo yebhizinisi, noma enye imali engenayo evamile umthengi angabonisa yona. Kubasebenzi, ama-payslip awumthombo oyinhloko; kubathengi abazisebenzayo, amafomu entela, izitatimende zasebhange, noma ama-akhawunti ahloliwe angasetshenziswa. Imali engenayo kufanele iqinisekiswe kunokuba yamukelwe ngokusobala, ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni ezinkulu.

Izimali ezibanjwayo ezisemthethweni—i-PAYE, i-UIF, impesheni noma iminikelo ye-provident fund, nezinye izimali ezibanjwayo eziyisibopho—kufanele zisuswe ukuze kufinyelelwe emalini engenayo (yokuyisa ekhaya). Izibalo eziningi zokukwazi ukuthengeka zisebenzisa imali engenayo njengesisekelo sezilinganiso zezikweletu nemali engenayo kanye nemali engenayo etholakalayo, ngoba yilokho umthengi anakho ngempela inyanga ngayinye. Ukusebenzisa isamba semali engenayo ngaphandle kokubala imali ebanjwayo kweqa umthamo futhi kungaholela ekunikezeniisikweletu esingathengeki ngempela.

Izibopho zekhredithi ezikhona

Izibopho ezikhona yizinkokhelo zanyanga zonke (noma izinkokhelo ezincane) umthengi asezibophezele kuzo ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zezikweletu zamanje. Umthombo othembeke kakhulu umbiko we-credit bureau: ubala ama-akhawunti asebenzayo, amabhalansi, izitolimende, kanye nesimo sokukhokha. Ngaphandle kwesithombe esiphelele sesikweletu esikhona, noma yikuphi ukubala kokukwazi ukuzikhokhela akuphelele. Izibopho zokubika okungaphansi—ngokwesibonelo, ama-akhawunti alahlekile avela ku-bureau kodwa angazange amenyezelwe umthengi—kuyimbangela evamile yokukwazi ukuthengeka ngokweqile kanye nokungaphumeleli kamuva.

Imibiko yehhovisi evela I-Experian, Idathanamix, TransUnion, noma abanye abahlinzeki ngakho-ke imaphakathi. Kufanele zifundwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlonzwe zonke izinsiza ezidinga ukukhokhelwa nyanga zonke, okuhlanganisa amakhadi esitolo, imalimboleko yomuntu siqu, imali yemoto, imali mboleko yezindlu, nanoma yisiphi esinye isikweletu. Isamba salezi zibopho sisetshenziswa isilinganiso semali engenayo nesikweletu nasekubalweni kwemali engenayo etholakalayo ngemva kwesevisi yesikweletu.

Izindleko zokuphila

Ngemva kokudonswa kwemali engenile nokusemthethweni, umthengi kufanele akhokhe izindleko zokuphila ngaphambi kokuba noma iyiphi imali esalayo isetshenziswe esikweletini. Izindleko zokuphila zihlanganisa indlu (irenti noma ibhondi), izinsiza, ezokuthutha, ukudla, imfundo, izindleko zezokwelapha, umshwalense, nezinye izindleko ezidingekayo. I-NCA kanye neMithethonqubo Kazwelonke Yezikweleti ayisho indlela eyodwa; umkhuba uyahlukahluka phakathi kokusebenzisa izindleko ezimenyezelwe (ezivela kumthengi), izibalo zokuma noma ezivamile (njengalezo ezishicilelwe yi-NCR noma ezisetshenziswa ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu), noma inhlanganisela.

Lapho kunezindleko ezijwayelekile noma ezilinganiselweesetshenziswayo—isibonelo, imihlahlandlela ye-NCR noma izinkambiso zemboni zamaqoqo emali engenayo ehlukene—ukuhlola kusezingeni eliphezulu futhi akuncikile ekumemezelweni okungahle kubekwe phansi noma okungalungile. Lapho kusetshenziswa khona izindleko zangempela, kufanele ziqinisekiswe (isb. ngezitatimende zasebhange) lapho kungenzeka khona. Inhloso ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esifanele sezindleko zokuphila ukuze inani “elilahlwayo” elisele—ngemuva kokudonswa kwemali, ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu ezikhona, kanye nezindleko zokuphila—kube inani elingokoqobo lokuhlinzeka ngesikweletu esisha noma esihlelwe kabusha.

Ukuyihlanganisa: imali engenayo kanye ne-DTI

Imali engenayo etholakalayo ngokuvamile ibalwa njengensalela yemali ebanjwayo kukhishwa imali ebanjwa ngokomthetho (uma kungenjalo kakade), kukhishwe izinkokhelo ezikhona zezikweletu, kukhishwe izindleko zokuphila. Isitolimende esisha esihlongozwayo (noma izitolimende ezihlelwe kabusha esiphakamisweni sokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu) kufanele zilingane nale mali engenayo etholakalayo. Ukwengeza, abahlinzeki bezikweletu abaningi nabeluleki bezikweletu basebenzisa isilinganiso semali engenayo nesikweletu (i-DTI) njengesilinganiso esilinganiselwe: isamba sezinkokhelo zenyanga zonke zezikweletu (ezikhona kanye nokuhlongozwayo) njengephesenti lensalela yemali engenayo akufanele yeqe umkhawulo (isb. u-40% wesikweletu esingavikelekile). Isilinganiso se-DTI iyimethrikhi elula, eqhathanisekayo esekela ukungaguquguquki kubo bonke abahloli nakuzo zonke izimo; kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nomqondo ophelele wemali engenayo elilahlwayo, hhayi njengokumiselela.

Indlela Abasebenzi Abahlukene Abasebenzisa Ngayo Ukuhlola Ukukwazi Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela

Ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela kusetshenziswa abeluleki bezikweletu, abadayisi bezikweletu kanye nabanikezeli bezikweletu. Isibopho esingokomthetho sokwenza ukuhlola ngaphambi kokunikeza isikweletu siwela kubanikezeli bezikweletu; kusetshenziswa abeluleki bezikweletu nabadayisiukuhlaziya ukukwazi ukuzikhokhela ukuze basekele izindima zabo—iziphakamiso zokubuyekeza izikweletu kanye nokufaneleka kwangaphambili—kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yabo ihambisana nokulindelwe yi-NCA.

Abeluleki ngezezikweletu: ukubuyekezwa kwezikweletu kanye neziphakamiso zokuhlela kabusha

Abeluleki ngezezikweletu kufanele bahlole ukuthi ingabe umthengi abanezikweletu ngokweqile futhi, uma kunjalo, benze isiphakamiso sokuhlela kabusha isikweletu ukuze izinkokhelo ziqhubeke. Ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela kuyisisekelo: imali engenayo, imali ebanjwayo, izibopho ezikhona (ezivela emibikweni yehhovisi), kanye nezindleko zokuphila kuhlanganiswe ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yimalini umthengi angakhokha ngayo ngempela inyanga ngayinye kubo bonke abakweletwayo. Isiphakamiso sibe sesinikezela leso samba esivumelwaneni ngasinye sesikweletu, ngokuvamile esincishisiwe izitolimende noma imibandela eyengeziwe, bese sithunyelwa kubanikezeli bezikweletu ukuze basicubungule.

Kubeluleki bezikweletu, ukungaguquguquki kubalulekile. I-NCR ilindele ukuthi iziphakamiso zisekelwe ekuhlolweni okufanele kwezindlela zezimali nezibopho, ngezibalo ezicacile kanye nemibhalo. Ukukhishwa mathupha kwedatha ye-akhawunti evela emibikweni yesikhungo se-PDF, izinkambiso zezindleko zesikhangiso, namaspredishithi ahluka esimweni ngasinye kudala ukungqubuzana nobungozi bokucwaninga. Lapho idatha ye-bureau ihlelwa—ama-akhawunti, ibhalansi, izitolimende, kanye amaphrofayela okukhokha emikhakheni engaguquki—umqondo ofanayo wokuhlola ungasetshenziswa kuwo wonke amaklayenti, futhi isixhumanisi phakathi kwedatha yehhovisi kanye nesiphakamiso sisobala futhi siyavikeleka.

Abathengi bezikweletu: ukufaneleka kwangaphambili kanye nokuqhathanisa nababolekisi

Ababolekisi bezikweletu abazinikezi ngokwabo isikweletu kodwa basiza abathengi ukuthi bathole isikweletu esifanele kubanikezeli bezikweletu. Ukufaneleka ngaphambilini kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela:imali engenayo, izindleko, nezibopho ezikhona ziyabuyekezwa ukuze kulinganiswe ukuthi umthengi angakwazi ukukhokhela malini, ukuze umthengisi akwazi ukuzifanisa nemikhiqizo efanele futhi agweme ukuhambisa izicelo okungenzeka zenqatshwe. Lokhu kuvikela umthengi (imibuzo enzima embalwa engadingekile) futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komdayisi.

Ngokuvamile abadayisi bathembele kumabhulokhi wokwakha afanayo—ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo, imibiko yehhovisi yezikweletu ezikhona, nezilinganiso zezindleko—kodwa umphumela uwukuncoma noma ukufaneleka kwangaphambili kunesinqumo sokuboleka. Ukungaguquguquki kokuthi idatha ye-bureau ifundwa kanjani nokuthi ukubaleka kwayo kubalwa kanjani kusabalulekile: kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufaneleka kwangaphambili kunokwethenjelwa kanye nokuthi inqubo yomdayisi iwuchwepheshe futhi iyahloleka. Idatha ye-bureau ehleliwe isekela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokusebenzisa okungaguquguquki kwemibandela yangaphakathi noma yombolekisi.

Abahlinzeki bezikweletu: izinqumo zokuboleka nokuhambisana

Abahlinzeki bezikweletu ngokomthetho kudingeka bahlole ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukukhokhela ngaphambi kokungena esivumelwaneni sesikweletu. Kumelwe bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola izindlela zezimali, amathuba, kanye nezibopho; sebenzisa i-bureau nolwazi oluhlinzekwe ngabathengi; futhi ubhale phansi ukuhlolwa. Isinqumo sokunikeza noma ukwenqaba kufanele sibe nesizathu esisekelwe kulokho kuhlola. Uma ukuhlola kukhombisa ukuthi umthengi akakwazi ukukhokhela isikweletu noma usenezikweletu ngokweqile, umhlinzeki kufanele enqabe (noma enze okuhlukile okuncane kakhulu ngemibhalo egcwele).

Abahlinzeki bezikweletu babhekene nomthwalo omkhulu wokuthobela imithetho: kufanele bakhombise ku-NCR nasezinkantolo ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwenziwa ngendlela efanele nokuthiukubolekwa budedengu akuzange kwenzeke. Indlela yokunquma engahambisani, amadokhumenti angekho, noma ukungakwazi ukuxhumanisa umbiko wehhovisi kanye nezibalo esinqumweni kudala ubungozi obukhulu. Ukuhlela idatha ye-bureau ukuze ixhunywe nesicelo, ukusebenzisa ukufinyeleleka okujwayelekile kanye nemithetho ye-DTI, kanye nokugcina umkhondo wokucwaningwa kwamabhuku ogcwele kusukela ekudonsweni kombiko kuye esinqumweni kuyisisekelo sokuboleka imali okungavikeleka. Amaphuzu esikweletu kanye nezinkomba zobungozi ezivela ku-bureau ezihambisana nezindleko; azithathi indawo yesidingo sokuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka okufanele ngaphansi kwesigaba sama-81 no-82.

Amaphutha Avamile kanye Nezingozi Zokuthobela Uma Ukuhlola Kwenziwa Mathupha

Lapho ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka kwenziwa mathupha—ukufunda imibiko yehhovisi le-PDF, ukuthayipha izibalo kuma-spreadsheet, nokusebenzisa ukwahlulela kwe-ad hoc—kuvela izinkinga ezimbalwa ezingabikezelwa. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuthobela imithetho futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuvikela izinqumo.

Ukuthwebula okungaphelele noma okungahambisani kwezibopho ezikhona. Imibiko yehhovisi yenza uhlu lwama-akhawunti amaningi; ukukopisha ibhalansi nezitolimende mathupha kusipredishithi kunephutha. Ama-akhawunti angagejwa, izibalo zingashintshwa, noma imibiko ephelelwe yisikhathi ingasetshenziswa. Umphumela uba isithombe esingacaciswanga kahle sesikweletu esikhona kanye nokufinyeleleka ngokweqile. Uma umbiko ofanayo ufundwa abahlaziyi abahlukene, uhlu lwezibopho lungase luhluke, ngakho abathengi abafanayo abahlolwa endaweni yokudlala.

Awukho umthombo owodwa weqiniso oxhumanisa umbiko nesinqumo. Uma umbiko wehhovisi uyi-PDF kufolda futhi ukubala ukufinyeleleka kuku-spreadsheet noma ifomu elihlukile, asikho isixhumanisi esiqinisekisiwe phakathi “kokuthikusho umbiko” kanye “nokuthi senzeni isinqumo.” Abacwaningi mabhuku kanye ne-NCR balindele ukubona ukuthi yimuphi umbiko osetshenzisiwe, ukuthi ukhishwe nini, nokuthi izibalo zokuhlola zatholakala kanjani. Ukugeleza komsebenzi okwenziwa ngesandla akuvamile ukugcina leso sixhumanisi ngokusobala, ngakho ukubuyisa nokuvikela kuba nzima.

Ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwezinkambiso zezindleko kanye nemikhawulo ye-DTI. Umhloli oyedwa angase asebenzise isethi eyodwa yezilinganiso zezindleko; omunye angasebenzisa izindleko ezimenyezelwe kuphela; omunye angasebenzisa ikepisi ye-DTI ehlukile. Ngaphandle kwemithetho emisiwe, umthengi ofanayo angahlolwa ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngokuthi ubani ophethe icala. Lokho kungahambisani kubukela phansi ukulunga futhi kwenza kube nzima ukukhombisa ukuthi “izinyathelo eziphusile” zisetshenziswe ngokufanayo.

Ukuthembela ngokweqile ezimemezelweni zabathengi ngaphandle kokubuyisana kwe-bureau. Abathengi bangase babukele phansi isikweletu esikhona noma imali engenayo idlulele. Uma ukuhlola kusekelwe ikakhulukazi kulokho umthengi akushoyo, ngaphandle kokubuyisana okuphelele kwe-bureau, izibopho zingaphuthelwa futhi ukukwazi ukuzikhokhela kweqiswe ngokweqile. Imibiko yehhovisi kufanele ibe umthombo oyinhloko wezibopho ezikhona zezikweletu; izimemezelo kufanele zihlolwe ngokumelene nedatha ye-bureau.

Ukungaphathwa kahle kwe-uhlu olubi kanye ne-amaphrofayela okukhokha. Izinqumo, okuzenzakalelayo, nomlando wokukhokha ongemuhle kuthinta kokubili ubungozi kanye nokuthengeka (isb. uma isahlulelo sikhokhwa nge-garnishee order, lokho kunciphisa imali engenayo etholakalayo). Ukufundwa mathupha kwemibiko kungase kugeje noma kuhlukanise ngokwezigaba lezi, okuholela ekuhloleni okungaphelele. Idatha ehlelekile ivumela ulwazi olubi kanye namakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha ukuthi amakwe ngokuqhubekayo futhi afakwe kumqondo wokuhlola.

Awukho umkhondo wokucwaningwa kwamabhuku. Uma kungekhoirekhodi elinesitembu sesikhathi sombiko osetshenzisiwe, yiluphi uhlobo lokubala olusetshenzisiwe, noma ngubani ogunyaze isinqumo, ukuvikela izinsolo zokuboleka budedengu noma ukuhlolwa kocwaningo lwe-NCR kunzima kakhulu. Izinqubo ezenziwa ngezandla zivame ukuncika kumanothi angakahleleki kanye namafayela ahlukene; umkhondo wokucwaninga ocacile, ongaguquki udinga idatha ehlelekile kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi okurekhoda isinyathelo ngasinye.

Ukuthi Ukuhlela Idatha Yehhovisi Kuthuthukisa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kokufinyeleleka

Ukuhlela idatha ye-bureau kusho ukushintsha okuqukethwe kwemibiko yezikweletu—kusuka ku-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, noma amanye amahhovisi—kube yizinkambu ezingaguquki, ezingabuzwayo: ama-akhawunti, amabhalansi, izitolimende, uchungechunge lwephrofayela yokukhokha, izahlulelo, okuzenzakalelayo, nolunye ulwazi olubi. Lolo shintsho aluyishintshi idatha eyisisekelo; iyashintsha indlela engasetshenziswa ngayo. Ukuhlola ukukwazi ukuthengeka, izinzuzo ziqondile.

Ukuhlola okusheshayo. Esikhundleni sokuskrola kuma-PDF futhi bakhiphe izinombolo kabusha, abahloli babona umbono ojwayelekile wokuchayeka nezibopho. Isamba sesikweletu esikhona, isamba sezitolimende zanyanga zonke, kanye ne-DTI ingabalwa ezinkundleni ezihleliwe ngemizuzwana. Izinqubo zevolumu ephezulu zingacubungula amacala amaningi ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abengeziwe ngokulinganayo, futhi izikhathi zokushintsha iziphakamiso zokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu noma ukufaneleka kwangaphambili komthengisi kuyathuthuka.

Ukungaguquguquki. Imithetho efanayo—ama-akhawunti abalwa njengezibopho, indlela izitolimende ezifinyezwa ngayo, yiziphi izinkambiso zezindleko ezisebenzayo, ukuthi iyiphi i-DTI threshold esetshenziswayo—ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo. Abathengi abafanayo bathola ukuhlolwa okufanayo. Lokho kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwabahloli, kusekela ubulungisa, futhi kwenza kube lula ukubonisa ku-NCR lokhokusetshenziswa indlela ejwayelekile.

Ukufundeka. Uma idatha yehhovisi igcinwe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ixhunywe nesicelo noma icala, indlela esuka “embikweni” iye “ekubalweni” iye “enqumweni” isobala. Isinyathelo ngasinye singafakwa isitembu sesikhathi futhi sichasiswe. Uma umthengi noma umlawuli ebuza imibuzo ngesinqumo, inkampani ingakwazi ukubuyisa idatha yombiko esetshenzisiwe, amafomula asetshenzisiwe, kanye nomphumela, ngaphandle kokwakha kabusha ephepheni nama-PDF. Lokho kusekela kokubili ukuthobela nokuzivikela ezimangalweni zokuboleka budedengu.

Ukuhlanganiswa nokuba sezikweletini ngokweqile kanye nobungozi. Idatha ehlelekile ivumela ukukwazi ukukhokhela ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile amathreshold, amagoli esikweletu noma izinkomba zobungozi, kanye iphrofayela yokukhokha nemithetho uhlu olubi ekuhambeni komsebenzi okukodwa. Ukuhlola kuba inqubo eyodwa, ephindaphindwayo edonsa ekubukeni kwe-bureau ehlelekile kuwo wonke amaklayenti, ukuthuthukisa kokubili isivinini nokuzivikela.

Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela Kuxhumanisa Kanjani Namagoli Esikweletu, i-DTI, Ukuba Nezikweleti Ngokweqile, kanye Namaphrofayela Okukhokha

Ukukwazi ukukhokhela ingxenye eyodwa yokuhlolwa kwezikweletu; isebenza ngokuhambisana neminye imiqondo esetshenziswa ochwepheshe bezikweletu nsuku zonke.

I-Debt-to-income ratio (DTI). I-isilinganiso semali engenayo nesikweletu iyimethrikhi yesifinyezo esivame kakhulu yokukwazi ukukhokhela: isamba sezinkokhelo zenyanga zonke zezikweletu njengephesenti lensalela yemali engenayo. Kuyinombolo elula, eqhathanisekayo engafakwa kumgomo (isb. 40% wesikweletu esingavikelekile). I-DTI itholakala emibhalweni efanayo njengokuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela ngokugcwele—imali engenayo, izibopho ezikhona ezivela kwa-bureau, kanye nesitolimende esisha esihlongozwayo—futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengesihlungi sokuqala ngaphambi kweholo elinemininingwane eyengeziwe.ukubala.

Amaphuzu wesikweletu. I-Bureaux nabahlinzeki bezikweletu basebenzisa amaphuzu esikweletu ukufingqa ubungozi ngokusekelwe emlandweni wokukhokha, ukusetshenziswa, nezinye izici. Iphuzu likhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhokha isikweletu kodwa ngokwalo alikhombisi ukuthi umthengi angakwazi yini ukukhokhela isikweletu esengeziwe. Ukukwazi ukukhokhela kuhlola umthamo; ukuthola amaphuzu kuhlola ukuziphatha kanye nobungozi. Kokubili kufanele kusetshenziswe: amaphuzu aphezulu awakuthetheleli ukweqa ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuthengeka, futhi umphumela wokufinyeleleka ofanele awuthathi indawo yesidingo sokucabangela umlando wokukhokha kanye amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha lapho uhlola ubungozi.

Ukungena ezikweletini ngokweqile. Ngaphansi kwe-NCA, umthengi usuke engena ezikweletini kakhulu lapho ukunakwa kolwazi olutholakalayo kubonisa ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho zesikweletu ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, LINK_22_ ihlobene eduze nokukwazi ukuthengeka: isebenzisa amabhulokhi wokwakha afanayo (imali engenayo, izibopho, izindleko) ukuze inqume ukuthi ingabe umthengi usengaphezu kwamandla akhe. Kubeluleki bezikweletu, ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuzikhokhela kuyisisekelo sakho kokubili kokutholwa kokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile kanye nesiphakamiso sokuhlela kabusha. Kubahlinzeki bezikweletu, ukuphetha ngokuthi umthengi unezikweletu eziningi kakhulu kufanele kuholele ekwehliseni isikweletu esisha (noma ukubhala okuhlukile okuncane) ukuze kugwenywe ukuboleka imali budedengu.

Amaphrofayela okukhokha nokufakwa kuhlu okungalungile. Amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha bonisa ukuthi umthengi uyikhokhe kanjani i-akhawunti ngayinye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; uhlu olubi (izahlulelo, okuzenzakalelayo, imiyalo yokuphatha) zibonisa izehlakalo ezimbi ezibucayi. Zazisa ubungozi kanye nokuziphatha kodwa futhi nokungakwazi ukuzikhokhela: isibonelo, isahlulelo esine-garnishee oda esebenzayo sinciphisa imali engenayo etholakalayo, futhi izikweletu eziphindaphindiwe zingase.khombisa ukuthi izibopho zamanje azithengeki. Uma idatha ye-bureau yakhiwe, lezi zici zingafakwa ekuhambeni komsebenzi wokuhlola okufanayo ukuze ukwazi ukuthengeka kanye nengcuphe kuhlolwe ndawonye.

Yehlisa Isikhathi Sokuhlola futhi Uqinisekise Ukuthobela I-NCA

Ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela ngaphansi kwe-NCA kuyimpoqo kubahlinzeki bezikweletu futhi okuyisisekelo sabeluleki bezikweletu nabadayisi. Ukubenza baqonde kudinga indlela ecacile, idatha yehhovisi eliphelele, izingxenye ezijwayelekile (imali engenayo, imali ebanjwayo, izibopho, izindleko), kanye nesixhumanisi esilandelekayo phakathi kwedatha esetshenzisiwe nesinqumo. Izinqubo ezenziwa mathupha ezithembele emibikweni ye-PDF namaspredishithi esikhangiso adala ukungqubuzana, amaphutha, kanye nengozi yokuthobela imithetho; ukuhlela idatha yehhovisi kanye nokusebenzisa imithetho engaguquki kwenza ukuhlola kusheshe, kuhambisane, futhi kufundeke.

Xhumana ukubhukha idemo futhi ubone ukuthi idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi okufinyelelekayo kunganciphisa kanjani isikhathi sokuhlola futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukuthobela kwe-NCA yakho kuyavikeleka.