Umbiko Wezikweletu Amathrendi eNingizimu Afrika

Iningi labasebenzi bezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika bafundiswa ukufunda umbiko owodwa wesikweletu: amabhalansi, amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha, ukufakwa ohlwini okungalungile, kanye namaphuzu. Bambalwa abaqeqeshelwe ukuhumusha izitayela zemibiko yezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrofayili yekhasimende liyathuthuka noma liya liwohloka. Lelo gebe libalulekile. Isifinyezo sikutshela ukuthi othile umi kuphi namuhla; amathrendi akutshela ukuthi ayalulama, azinzile, noma angena ekucindezelekeni. Kubeluleki bezikweletu abalandelela inqubekelaphambili yamakhasimende, abahlinzeki bezikweletu abahlola i-trajectory ngaphambi kokunikeza isikweletu, kanye nabathengi abahlonza abafake izicelo amaphrofayili abo athuthukayo, ukuhlaziya i-longitudinal kuyikhono lochwepheshe eliwumgogodla. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi, yini okufanele uyilandelele, kungani ukugeleza komsebenzi kwamanje kuvame ukuhluleka ukukusekela, nokuthi ingakhiwa kanjani indlela engokoqobo ethuthukisa ikhwalithi yesinqumo nemiphumela.

I-Snapshot Trap: Kungani Umbiko Owodwa Ungenele

Ukudonsa kwehhovisi elilodwa kukunikeza umbono wesikhathi. Ubona amabhalansi amanje, uchungechunge lwakamuva lwephrofayela yokukhokha, nanoma iluphi uhlu olubi efayelini. Ongakuboni isiqondiso. Ingabe ukuchayeka kuyenyuka noma phansi? Ingabe amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha ayathuthuka inyanga nenyanga noma ayashelela? Ingabe umthengi ukusulile okuzenzakalelayo noma izinqumo kusukela ekudonseni kokugcina? Ngaphandle kwephuzu lesibili (nelesithathu) lokuqhathanisa, awukwazi ukuphendula leyo mibuzo. Uthatha izinqumo ngesithombe esinganyakazi lapho indaba yangempela isaqhubeka.

Izindleko zokuziba i-trajectory

Kubeluleki ngezikweletu, ikhasimende ekuhlelweni kabusha kokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu lingase likhokhe njengoba kuvunyelwene, kodwa uma nje uke wakhipha umbiko lapho ufaka isicelo.isigaba awunabo ubufakazi bokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku e-NCR kanye nezinqubo zasenkantolo zilindele ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe; okubonisa ukuthi indlela yokukhokha yekhasimende kanye nokuchayeka kube ngcono ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma eziyishumi nambili kuqinisa icala ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle. Kubahlinzeki bezikweletu, ukugunyaza umfakisicelo okuthambekela kwakhe kwakamuva kuwukwehla—izikweletu ezikhulayo ezisilele emuva, uhlu olusha olubi—kunengozi enkulu kunokugunyaza lowo othrendi yakhe iphezulu, ngisho noma isifinyezo samanje sibukeka sifana. Kubathengi, ukubeka phambili abafakizicelo amaphrofayili abo athuthukayo kukhulisa ithuba lokugunyazwa kumabolekisi futhi kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa kuzicelo ezizohluleka. Kuzo zontathu lezi zimo, ukuhlola okungajwayelekile kushiya inani nobungozi etafuleni.

Kusho ukuthini “inkambiso” ekusebenzeni

Ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezibambekayo: umnyakazo wamaphuzu (ukuthi amaphuzu engcuphe ehhovisi noma izikolo zangaphakathi ziyathuthuka noma ziba zimbi), amaphethini omlando wokukhokha (ukuthi amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha kukhombisa ama-zero amaningi ngemva kokusilela emuva noma isilayidi sibe ngu-1s no-2s), ukuchayeka kanye nebhalansi yokunciphisa isikweletu, kanye nezinguquko ezifakiwe* (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izahlulelo noma okungalungile kukhokhiwe, kunqunyiwe, noma kwengeziwe). Ngayinye yalezi ingalandelelwa kuphela uma unombiko ongaphezu kowodwa, odonswe ngezinsuku ezihlukene, futhi ugcinwe ngendlela evumela ukuqhathanisa. Ukuze uthole umbono oyisisekelo wesakhiwo sombiko nezigaba, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu kokuthi ufundwa kanjani umbiko wezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika.

Kungani Izisombululo Zamanje Zehluleka Ukusekela Ukuhlaziywa Kwethrendi

Ngokombono, noma iyiphi inkampani edonsa imibiko yezikweletu ingaqhathanisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Empeleni,indlela amaqembu amaningi asebenza ngayo yenza ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi kungavamile, kungahambisani, noma kungenzeki.

ama-PDF kanye nokudonsa okukodwa

Okuphumayo okuzenzakalelayo okuvela kumahhovisi aseNingizimu Afrika kuyi-PDF noma idokhumenti engashintshi efanayo. Ukudonsa ngakunye kuyifayela elizimele. Ukuze uqhathanise ukudonsa okubili, umhlaziyi kufanele avule yomibili imibhalo, athole izigaba ezifanayo endaweni ngayinye (azi ukuthi isakhiwo siyahluka nge-bureau—Experian, TransUnion, Datanamix, XDS, Compuscan idatha ngayinye yethula ngokuhlukile), futhi aqhathanise ibhalansi ngokwengqondo noma ngesandla, izintambo zokukhokha, nezinhlu ezingezinhle. Lokho kuhamba kaNCAne futhi kunephutha. Uma ivolumu iphezulu, akwenzeki nhlobo. Okudonswayo kufakwa ngegama leklayenti noma i-ID, kodwa asikho isixhumanisi esihleliwe phakathi “kombiko wangoJanuwari” kanye “nombiko wangoJuni” ongavumela ukuqhathanisa okuhlelekile. Umphumela uba ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi kugcinelwe i-ad hoc, izimo ze-highstake esikhundleni sokwenza okujwayelekile.

Akukho ukugcinwa komlando okungaguquki

Ngisho noma amafemu egcina imibiko eminingi ngeklayenti ngalinye, awavamile ukuyigcina ngendlela esekela ukuqhathanisa. Imibiko ingase iphile kumadrayivu abiwayo, ochungechungeni lwe-imeyili, noma amafayela ekesi angenaso isitembu sedethi esimisiwe noma ingekho isixhumanisi esiya kusihlonzi seklayenti elilodwa kuwo wonke amasistimu. Ngaphandle komugqa wesikhathi ocacile—bika owodwa ku-T1, bika okubili ku-T2—awukwazi ukubala ngokwethembekile “ushintsho lokuchayeka” noma “ushintsho lwamaphuzu” noma “ukuthuthukiswa kwephrofayela yokukhokha.” Ukubhalwa komlando kusho ukugcina ukudonsa ngakunye nosuku kanye nereferensi yeklayenti ukuze amamethrikhi afanayo (ingqikithi yokuchayeka, amaphuzu, isibalo sohlu olubi, isifinyezo sephrofayela yokukhokha) kuqhathaniswe kuyo yonke imidwebo. Iningi lemisebenzi eyenziwa ngesandla kanye neye-PDF ayikusekeli lokho.

Isikolo nedathaukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamahhovisi

I-Ukuthola amakhredithi eNingizimu Afrika iqondene ngqo ne-bureau: I-Experian, i-TransUnion, ne-Datanamix ngayinye ikhiqiza amaphuzu ayo ngezikali ezihlukene. Ukulandelela “isikolo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi” kusebenza kuphela uma uqhathanisa njengokufana nehhovisi elifanayo, umthengi ofanayo, izinsuku ezihlukile. Uma inyanga eyodwa udonsa iTransUnion futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha udonsa i-Experian, awuqhathanisi umkhuba ofanayo; uqhathanisa amamethrikhi amabili ahlukene. Ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi kudinga ukukhetha okungaguquguquki kwehhovisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma indlela ehlelekile eyenza idatha ibe evamile ukuze izinkambu eziqhathanisekayo (isb., ukuchayeka okuphelele, amafulegi okuziphatha kokukhokha, ukubala okungalungile) kungalandelelwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-bureau enikeze ukudonsa ngakunye.

Ibukeka kanjani Ukuhlaziywa Kwethrendi Okuhle

Ukuchazwa okusebenzayo kwamathrendi ombiko wesikweletu kuncike kusethi encane yemikhuba ephindaphindwayo: ukuthi yini okufanele ikale, ukuthi iwulinganise kangaki, kanye nendlela yokuhumusha umphumela.

Chaza amamethrikhi abalulekile

Amamethrikhi abalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwethrendi afanayo abalulekile embikweni owodwa, kodwa akalwa ngephoyinti elingaphezu kwelilodwa ngesikhathi. Ukuchayeka okuphelele (isamba samabhalansi kuzo zonke izinsiza) kanye nesamba sezitolimende zanyanga zonke kubonisa ukuthi umthengi uthatha isikweletu esengeziwe noma uyasikhokha yini. Isifinyezo sephrofayela yokukhokha—ngokwesibonelo, isibalo sama-akhawunti amanje (0) uma siqhathaniswa nalawo asilele emuva (1, 2, 3+) ezinyangeni ezingu-6 noma ezingu-12 zakamuva—sibonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kuyathuthuka noma kuyawohloka. Inani elibi lokufakwa kuhlu nesimo (uhlu olubi njengezinqumo kanye nokumisiwe) kubonisa ukuthi izehlakalo ezimbi ezimbi zivele noma ezikhona kakade zikhokhiwe noma ziphelelwe yisikhathi. Umphumelaukunyakaza (kusuka ku-bureau eyodwa, imodeli efanayo) kunikeza ithrendi yesihloko kodwa kufanele ifundwe eduze kwedatha eyisisekelo ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani amaphuzu ahamba. Ukuchaza lawa mamethrikhi kunqubomgomo futhi, lapho kungenzeka, kumasistimu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ubheka into efanayo lapho ekhuluma “ngokuthuthukiswa” noma “ukuwohloka.”

Khetha isikhawu sokuqhathanisa esinengqondo

Amathrendi adinga okungenani amaphoyinti edatha amabili. Ngokwelulekwa ngezikweletu, ukuqhathanisa nesicelo futhi futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma eziyishumi nambili kuvame ukwanele ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kabusha kuyasebenza yini. Kubanikeli bezikweletu abahlola abafake izicelo abaphindayo noma abathengisi abalandelela ipayipi, ukuqhathanisa kwekota noma uhhafu wonyaka kungase kulungele. Isikhawu esifushane kakhulu (isb. masonto onke) ngokuvamile asikho isidingo futhi siyabiza; yinde kakhulu (isb. ekusetshenzisweni kuphela) igeja ushintsho olubalulekile. Isikhawu kufanele sihambisane nesinqumo osisekelayo: ukuphuma ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu, ukugunyazwa kwekhredithi entsha, noma ukubeka phambili kwabafake izicelo.

Humusha isiqondiso, hhayi nje ileveli

Umgomo wokuhlaziywa kwethrendi ukubona isiqondiso. Ingabe ukuchayeka kuyehla? Ingabe amakhodi okukhokha ayashintsha esuka ko-2 no-3s aye ko-0 kanye no-1s? Ingabe uhlu olubi luyasulwa? Umthengi onemiphumela yamanje emaphakathi kodwa ithrendi ecacile ekhuphukayo ingase ibe yingozi engcono kunoyedwa onomphumela othe xaxa kodwa abe ithrendi eyehlayo. Ngokufanayo, iklayenti elilulekwa ngezikweletu elehlise ukuchayeka kanye nokuziphatha kokukhokha okuthuthukisiwe ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili linikeza icala eliqinile kunelo elinesithombe esifinyeziwe samanje kodwa elingenamlando wokuthuthukisa. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nenqubomgomo kufanele kugcizelele “ukuthuthukisa,” “ukuzinza,” kanye”iwohloka” njengezigaba ezisobala ukuze leyo threndi ingene ezinqumweni ngendlela engaguquki.

Ukuthobela kanye Nokugcina Irekhodi Lokuqukethwe

Ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi akukhona nje kuphela ngezinqumo ezingcono; ihambisana nokulindelwe ngokomthetho ukuthi ukuhlola kube okuphelele futhi kubhalwe phansi.

Okulindelwe yi-NCA kanye ne-NCR

UMthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu udinga ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela ngaphambi kokuba isikweletu sinikezwe futhi weseka ukubuyekezwa kwezikweletu njengendlela yabathengi abanezikweletu ngokweqile. I-NCR ilindele ukuthi abahlinzeki bezikweletu kanye nabeluleki bezikweletu basebenzise imininingwane eyanele futhi babhale ukuthi izinqumo zifinyelelwe kanjani. Ukubonisa ukuthi awuzange ucabangele umbiko wamanje kuphela kodwa umkhondo womthengi—noma ngabe izibopho zabo nokuziphatha kwabo kuthuthukile noma kuba kubi—kuqinisa icala lokuthi ukuhlola bekuphelele. Iphinde isekele ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku: lapho umcwaningi mabhuku noma i-NCR ibuza ukuthi uphethe kanjani ngokuthi umthengi angakwazi ukuthenga isikweletu noma uqede ngempumelelo ukuhlela kabusha, ukwazi ukukhomba uchungechunge lwemibiko kanye nokuhlaziywa okucacile kwenkambiso kuvikelaka kakhulu kunokuthembela kusifinyezo esisodwa.

I-POPIA nokugcinwa kwedatha

Idatha yombiko wesikweletu wulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu. Ukugcina imibiko eminingi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yokuhlaziywa kwethrendi kusho ukugcina idatha yomthengi isikhathi eside kunokudonsa okukodwa. Amafemu kufanele abe nesisekelo esisemthethweni kanye nenqubomgomo yokugcina ehambisana ne-POPIA: ichaze ukuthi idatha yombiko igcinwa isikhathi esingakanani, ngaziphi izinjongo, nokuthi ivikelwa kanjani. Ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi kuyinjongo esemthethweni uma kusekela ukuhlolwa kwekhredithi, ukwelulekwa ngezikweletu, noma ukuhamba komsebenzi womdayisi; ukhiyeukubhala injongo, ukukhawulela ukugcinwa kulokho okudingekayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufinyelela nokulondoloza kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zakho zokuvikeleka kanye nokuhambisana.

Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Ngendima

Indlela osebenzisa ngayo izitayela zemibiko yezikweletu kuncike ekutheni ungumeluleki wezikweletu, umhlinzeki wezikweletu, noma umthengisi. Kusebenza ama-metrics angaphansi afanayo; isinqumo indima ngayinye esisekelwayo sihlukile.

Abeluleki ngezikweletu: ukulandelela ukutholwa kwekhasimende

Abeluleki ngezezikweletu kudingeka babonise ukuthi amaklayenti ekuhlelweni kabusha ayahlangabezana nezibopho zawo nokuthi isimo sawo sisonke siyathuthuka. Ukudonsa umbiko ekufakeni isicelo kunikeza isisekelo; ukudonsa futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma eziyishumi nambili (noma ezinyathelweni ezibalulekile ezifana nokubuyekezwa kwenkantolo) kubonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kwehlile, ukuziphatha kokukhokha kuye kwaba ngcono, futhi ukufakwa ohlwini okungalungile sekulungisiwe. Lobo bufakazi benkambiso busekela izincomo kubabolekisi nezinkantolo futhi busiza nge-NCR kanye nezidingo zocwaningomabhuku. Kuphinde kusize ukubeka izinto ezibalulekile kuqala: amaklayenti amathrendi awo aphansi noma angemahle angase adinge ukunakwa okwengeziwe noma isiphakamiso esibuyekeziwe.

Abahlinzeki bezikweletu: ukuhlola umkhondo ngaphambi kokunikeza isikweletu

Umhlinzeki wesikweletu angabona umfakisicelo isifinyezo sakhe samanje esiwumngcele—amaphuzu amaphakathi, izikweleti ezithile zomlando, okukodwa okukhokhiwe okuzenzakalelayo. Ithrendi ingagqashula uthayi. Uma izinyanga ezingu-12 zokugcina zibonisa ukudalulwa okwehlayo, amaphrofayela okukhokha ahlanzekile, futhi kungekho ukufakwa kuhlu okusha okubi, umkhondo usekela isinqumo sokunikeza (mhlawumbe ngemibandela). Uma izinyanga ezingu-12 zokugcina zibonisa ukwenyuka kwezimali ezisilele emuva noma ukwahlulela okusha, umkhondo usekela ukwehla noma isicelo solwazi olwengeziwe. Ukusebenzisa i-trend ininqubomgomo—ngokwesibonelo, “abenzi bezicelo abanethrendi ethuthukisiwe ngaphezu kokudonsa okubili bangase baphathwe kahle kakhulu kunalabo abanomkhuba owohlokayo kumphumela ofanayo wamanje”—yenza izinqumo ezingaguquki futhi zivikeleke.

Abathengi: ukuhlonza abafaka izicelo abathuthukisayo

Abathengi bafuna ukuthumela ababolekisi abafake izicelo okungenzeka bavunyelwe. Umfakisicelo ophrofayili yakhe ibe ngcono kulezi zinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule uyikhandidethi elingcono kunalowo onephrofayili yakhe ibe yimbi, ngisho noma izinombolo zamanje zibukeka zifana. Ukulandela umkhondo (lapho idatha itholakala khona kusukela ekudonsweni kwangaphambilini noma kumthengi) kuvumela abathengisi ukuthi babeke phambili izicelo, babeke okulindelekile, futhi banciphise isikhathi esichithwa kubafakisicelo abangakalungeli. Iphinde isekele ingxoxo yobungcweti kakhudlwana nomthengi: “Ukuchayeka kwakho kwehlile futhi nokuziphatha kwakho kokukhokha sekuthuthukile; singakumisa ngokuqinile nababolekisi manje.”

Ngekabani Lokhu

Lo mhlahlandlela ngowabasebenzi bezikweletu baseNingizimu Afrika abenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha ye-bureau futhi abafuna lezo zinqumo zingabonisi umbiko wamanje kuphela kodwa umkhondo womthengi. Okwa abeluleki ngezikweletu abadinga ukubhala phansi ukutholwa kwekhasimende futhi bahlangabezane ne-NCR kanye nokulindelwe yinkantolo. Okwakhe abahlinzeki bezikweletu—amabhange, ababolekisi abancane, abathengisi—abafuna ukusebenzisa ithrendi njengokufaka kokugunyaza kanye nenqubomgomo yobungozi. Okwaba-ababolekisi bezikweletu abafuna ukugxilisa umzamo kubafakisicelo ngamaphrofayili athuthukayo namandla okugunyazwa aphezulu. Esimeni ngasinye, ikhono liyafana: chaza izitayela zombiko wesikweletu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi usebenzisa ukuchayeka, umlando wokukhokha, ukufakwa kuhlu okungalungile, nokunyakaza kwamaphuzu, kanyefaka lokho kuhumusha kube izinqumo ezingaguquki, ezibhalwe phansi.

Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo

Ukutolika izitayela zemibiko yezikweletu eNingizimu Afrika kuyikhono lochwepheshe eliwumgogodla elenza ngcono imiphumela kumakhasimende namafemu. Isifinyezo esisodwa sikutshela ukuthi othile umi kuphi namuhla; ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi kukutshela ukuthi ziyathuthuka noma ziyawohloka, futhi lowo mehluko uqhuba izincomo zokwelulekwa ngezikweletu ezingcono, izinqumo ezingcono zokubolekwa kwemali, kanye nokubeka phambili phambili komdayisi. Ukuze ukwenze kahle, udinga umbiko ongaphezu kowodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amamethrikhi acacile, ihhovisi elingashintshi noma ukubuka okujwayelekile, kanye nendlela yokugcina nokuqhathanisa idatha ngaphandle kokuqhathaniswa kwe-PDF okwenziwa ngesandla. Uma ungathanda ukubona ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kombiko wesikweletu okuhlelekile kanye nedatha engokomlando ingasekela kanjani izinqumo ezisuselwe kuthrendi ekuhambeni komsebenzi wakho, thintana.