Ukuhlola Ukuba Nezikweleti Ngokweqile eNingizimu Afrika | SA Umhlahlandlela
Funda indlela yokuhlola ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ngaphansi kwe-NCA eNingizimu Afrika, okuhlanganisa incazelo yezomthetho, amaphuzu edatha adingekayo, nezinyathelo zokubuyekeza ezingokoqobo.
Ukunquma ukuthi umthengi usezikweletini ngokweqile yini kusemqoka kukho kokubili ukuboleka okubophezelekile kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke (NCA). Abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele bahlole ubungozi bokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ngaphambi kokuba banikeze isikweletu; abeluleki bezikweletu kufanele bathole okusemthethweni lapho abathengi befaka isicelo sokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu. Nokho ukuhlolwa kwezomthetho kulula ukukusho futhi ngokuvamile kunzima ukukusebenzisa ekusebenzeni. Idatha engaphelele, izindlela zokubala ezingahambisani, nezindlela zokuhlola ezingacacile zingashiya ukuhlola kuvulekele inselele. Lesi sihloko sibeka incazelo esemthethweni yokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile, ukuthi kuhlolwa kanjani ekusebenzeni, ubani owenza isinqumo sokuthi ikusiphi isimo, nokuthi iyiphi idatha nezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze kube nemiphumela evikelekayo, engaguquki. Ukuze uthole uhlaka olubanzi oluhlanganisa ukukwazi ukuzikhokhela nokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ndawonye, bona i- umhlahlandlela wokuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela.
Incazelo Engokomthetho Yokuba Nezikweleti Ngokweqile (Isigaba 79)
Isigaba 79 se-NCA sichaza ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ngomusho owodwa. Umthengi ucwile ezikweletini uma “ukusetshenziswa kuqala kolwazi olutholakalayo kukhombisa ukuthi umthengi noma ngeke akwazi ukwanelisa ngesikhathi esifanele zonke izibopho ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zezikweletu umthengi ayingxenye yazo.”
Izakhi ezintathu zibalulekile. Okokuqala, ukuhlola kubheke phambili: kubuza ukuthi ingabe umthengi uyakwazi noma ngeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezibopho. Izikweleti zamanje zibalulekile, kodwa kunjalo nezitolimende zesikhathi esizayo, izinguquko zesilinganiso, nokuzinza kwezinkokhelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okwesibili, indinganiso “iwukuncishwa kolwazi olutholakalayo” - hhayi ubufakazi obungenakungabaza, kodwa ukukalwa kwalokho okutholakala ngokunengqondo. Lokho kuhlanganisaulwazi oluvela kumthengi, oluvela kuma-credit bureaux, nanoma yimuphi omunye umthombo oqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Okwesithathu, kugxilwe kukho zonke izibopho ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zezikweletu. Umthengi unezikweletu eziningi uma engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesethi egcwele yezibopho, hhayi i-akhawunti eyodwa noma amabili kuphela.
Incazelo ayicacisi ifomula ethile noma isilinganiso. Empeleni, ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokusisebenzisa liwukuqhathanisa isamba sezibopho zezikweletu zenyanga nemali engenayo etholakalayo ngemva kwezindleko ezifanele — yingakho i-isilinganiso semali engenayo nesikweletu iyimethrikhi eyinhloko yokunquma ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile. Izilinganiso zodwa aziqini ngokomthetho; ziwubufakazi okufanele bucatshangelwe kanye nokuzinza kweholo, amazinga ezindleko, nokuziphatha kokukhokha. I-NCA ishiya isikhala sokwahlulela kochwepheshe ngaphakathi kokuhlola okuhleliwe.
Ukuthi Ukunezikweletu Okudlulele Kuhlolwa Kanjani Ngokwenza
Empeleni, ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile kuhlolwa ngokuqhathanisa izibopho eziphelele zomthengi nemali engenayo etholakalayo ngemva kwezindleko.
Izibopho eziphelele
Zonke izibopho eziphindelelayo ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zezikweletu kufanele zifakwe: izitolimende zebhondi noma zemoto, imalimboleko yomuntu siqu, amakhadi esikweletu (ubuncane noma ukukhokha ngokwenkontileka), ama-akhawunti esitolo, nanoma yisiphi esinye isikweletu esidinga ukukhokhelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ibhalansi namanani ezitolimende kufanele athathwe olwazini lwamanje kakhulu olutholakalayo - ngokufanelekile kudatha ye-credit bureau kanye nezitatimende ze-akhawunti. Ukweqiwa kuhlanekezela isithombe: uma kudonswa ihhovisi elilodwa kuphela noma kuthathwe ama-akhawunti athile, izibopho eziphelele zizokwehliswa kancane futhi umthengi angase abonakale ekwazi ukukhokhela isikweletu ngephutha nomaingase ikhishwe ngokungalungile ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu.
Imali engenayo nezindleko ezitholakalayo
Imali engenayo kufanele iqinisekiswe lapho kungenzeka khona - ama-payslip, izitatimende zasebhange, noma amanye amadokhumenti - futhi kufanele ibonise imali engenayo eqhubekayo, hhayi amanani aphuma kanye. Kulokho, kudonswa izindleko zokuphila ezifanele. Izindleko kunzima ukuziqinisekisa kunemali engenayo; abahloli abaningi basebenzisa izindleko ezimenyezelwe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kokunengqondo, noma izilinganiso zezindleko ezilinganiselwe ngokwezinga lemali engenayo. Okusele yimali esele etholakalayo yokukhokhela izikweletu. Uma izibopho zezikweletu eziphelele zanyanga zonke zidlula leyo mali enqwabelene (noma zisebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo kangangokuthi izindleko zokuphila ezibalulekile zingase zibe sengozini), umthengi cishe usezikweletini ngokweqile.
Iqhaza lokuziphatha kokukhokha nezinkomba zokucindezeleka
Umlando wokukhokha kanye nezinkomba zokucindezeleka zisekela noma ziphikise izinombolo. Umthengi onesilinganiso esiphezulu sesikweletu semali engenayo kodwa irekhodi lokukhokha elihlanzekile angase alawule; eyodwa enesilinganiso esifanayo kodwa uhlu olubi noma okumisiwe isengozini ngokusobala. Amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha emibikweni ye-bureau inikeza ubufakazi bokuziphatha kokukhokha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zici azithathi indawo yesibopho/ukuqhathaniswa kwemali engenayo kodwa zisiza ukukuchaza futhi zisekele isiphetho esingavikeleki sokuthi umthengi noma ngeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho ngesikhathi.
Iqhaza Lomeluleki Wezikweletu: Ukunquma Okusemthethweni Ekubuyekezweni Kwezikweletu (Isigaba 86)
Lapho umthengi efaka isicelo sokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu ngaphansi kweSigaba 86 se-NCA, umeluleki wezikweletu kufanele enze isinqumo esisemthethweni sokungena ezikweletini ngokweqile. Lokho kuzimisela kuyisango lenqubo yonke: uma umthengi engekhoucwile ezikweletini, isicelo sokubuyekeza isikweletu asiqhubeki; uma kunjalo, umeluleki usebenza nomthengi kanye nabanikezeli bezikweletu ukuze baphakamise ukuhlelwa kabusha.
Umeluleki wezikweletu kufanele aqoqe ulwazi oluphelele - uhlu olugcwele lwama-akhawunti, amabhalansi, izitolimende, imali engenayo, kanye nezindleko - futhi asebenzise ukuhlolwa kweSigaba 79. Kulo mongo, ukuhlola kuvame ukuba nemininingwane eminingi kunesheke langaphambi kokunikezwa kwesibonelelo sikahulumeni: umeluleki uthatha isinqumo sokuthi umthengi uyafaneleka yini ukuthola inqubo engokomthetho ezothinta izivumelwano eziningi. Amadokhumenti kufanele aphelele futhi ahambisane nokulindelwe yi-NCR. Amafemu amaningi asebenzisa isofthiwe yokweluleka ngezikweletu ukuhlela idatha ye-bureau, ukugcina ukungaguquguquki kwezibalo, futhi agcine umkhondo wokucwaninga ukuthi kufinyelelwe kanjani ekutholeni ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile.
Okutholakele okusemthethweni kufanele kubhalwe phansi futhi kugcinwe ukuze kucwaningwe. Ukuxhumanisa okutholakele kudatha ewumsuka (yimaphi ama-akhawunti, abhalansila, yiziphi izibalo zeholo nezindleko) kuqinisekisa ukuthi isinqumo singachazwa futhi sivikelwe uma umnikezi wezikweletu ephonselwa inselelo noma kubuyekezwa yi-NCR.
Izibopho Zomhlinzeki Wekhredithi: Ukuhlola Ukuba Nezikweletu Eziningi Ngaphambi Kokunikeza Isikweletu (Izigaba 81–82)
Abahlinzeki bezikweletu banomsebenzi ohlukile kodwa ohlobene. Ngaphansi kweSigaba 81 no-82, umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) kufanele athathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola izindlela zezimali ezikhona zomthengi, amathemba, kanye nezibopho ngaphambi kokungena esivumelwaneni sesikweletu. Lokho kuhlola kufanele kufake phakathi ukuthi umthengi usezikweleti ngokweqile yini. Ukunikeza esinye isikweletu kumthengi onezikweletu eziningi kungalingana nokuboleka budedengu ngaphansi kweSigaba80(1)(b)(ii): umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) uthathwa ngokuthi uyazi noma ubenesizathu sokwazi ukuthi umthengi ubenezikweletu ezidlulele.
Ngakho ukugeleza kuwukuthi: (1) ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela kanye nokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile usebenzisa ulwazi olutholakalayo; (2) uma umthengi enezikweletu ezingaphezulu, unganikezi (noma ube nezizathu ezincane, ezibhalwe phansi ngokuhlukile); (3) bhala phansi ukuhlolwa kanye nedatha esetshenzisiwe. Kusebenza amabhlokhi wokwakha afanayo nakwabeluleki bezikweletu - izibopho eziphelele, imali engenayo eqinisekisiwe, izindleko ezifanele, nendlela engaguquguquki - kodwa injongo iwukulawula ubungozi bangaphambi kokunikezwa kanye nokuthobela i-NCA, hhayi ukutholwa kokubuyekezwa kwezikweletu okusemthethweni.
Iyiphi Idatha Edingekayo Ukuze Uhlole Okuthembekile
Ukuhlola okuthembekile kokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile kuncike kudatha ephelele, yamanje.
Izibopho zekhredithi. Udinga uhlu olugcwele lwezivumelwano zezikweletu: uhlobo lwe-akhawunti, ibhalansi, inani lesitolimende, isikhathi, nesimo sokukhokha. Ukudonsa kwehhovisi elilodwa kuvame ukuphuthelwa ama-akhawunti abanjwe namanye ama-bureau, ngakho-ke izibopho zingabukelwa phansi. Lapho kungenzeka khona, sebenzisa ama-multi-bureau noma idatha ehlanganisiwe ukuze kuthathwe zonke izikweletu ezaziwayo.
Umlando wokukhokha. Izikweleti, okuzenzakalelayo, kanye amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha kubonisa ukuthi umthengi usezabalaza yini kakade. Bazisa kokubili ugatsha “lukhona noma olungeke lukwazi” lweSigaba 79 kanye nokuzwakala kokunikeza ikhredithi eyengeziwe.
Imali engenayo. Imali engenayo ebhalwe phansi, eqinisekisayo — ama-payslip, izitatimende zasebhange, noma okufanayo — ngenhloso yokuzinza nokuqhubeka. Imali engenayo eshiwo iyodwa ayanele ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.
Izindleko. Izindleko ezimenyezelwe zihlolelwe ukufaneleka, noma izindleko ezilinganiselwe ngokwezinga lemali engenayo. Umgomo ungokoqoboimali eyengeziwe etholakalayo yokukhokhela izikweletu.
Izehlakalo ezimbi nezomthetho. Ukufakwa ohlwini okungalungile, izahlulelo, nemiyalelo yokuphatha kuyizinkomba eziqinile zokucindezeleka futhi kufanele kufakwe esiphethweni sisonke.
Uma le datha ihlelwa - ijwayele ukwenziwa izinkambu ezingaguquki, ifinyezwe ngokuzenzakalela, futhi ixhunywe ekuhloleni - amanani ajwayelene nephutha elenziwa ngesandla futhi izindlela ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo. Lokho kusekela kokubili ukuvumelana kanye nendlela yokucwaninga ebonisa ukuthi iyiphi idatha esetshenzisiwe nokuthi isiphetho sokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile sifinyelelwe kanjani.
Ukuba Nezikweletu Kakhulu vs Ukuboleka Budedengu: Kuxhumene Kodwa Okuhlukile
Ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile nokuboleka budedengu kuhlobene kodwa akufani.
Ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile (Isigaba 79) kuyisimo: umthengi noma ngeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho zesikweletu ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuhlola okuyiqiniso nokubheke phambili.
Ukuboleka budedengu (Isigaba 80) simayelana nokuziphatha: umnikezi wezikweletu unikeze isikweletu ngaphansi kwezimo i-NCA ezenqabelayo. Esinye salezo zimo ukunikeza isikweletu naphezu kokwazi noma unesizathu sokwazi ukuthi umthengi ubevele enezikweletu ezeqile. Ngakho ukuhlola okufanele ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko ekubolekeni budedengu; uma ungahloli kahle, noma unikeza uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ngaphandle kokukhetha okufanelekile, uzifaka engozini yokuthola imali ebolekisayo budedengu.
Imiqondo emibili ivame ukuxoxwa ndawonye ngoba idatha efanayo nenqubo isekela kokubili: izibopho eziphelele, imali engenayo eqinisekisiwe, izindleko, kanye nesinqumo esibhaliwe. Ngakho-ke ukuthola ilungelo lokuhlola ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqilekubalulekile kukho kokubili ukuboleka okunomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuthobela i-NCA.
Izinselelo Ezivamile Ekuhloleni Ukuba Nezikweletu Eziningi
Izinselelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo zingabukela phansi ikhwalithi nokuvikelwa kokuhlola ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile.
Idatha engaphelele evela ehhovisi elilodwa idonsa. Uma kusetshenziswa ihhovisi elilodwa kuphela, ama-akhawunti abikwe kwamanye ama-bureau awatholakali. Izibopho eziphelele zenziwa ngaphansi, futhi umthengi angase abonakale enesikweletu esincane kunaso. Lokho kungaholela ekunikezeni isikweletu obekufanele ngabe senqatshiwe noma kubathengi abalahlekile abafanelekela ukubuyekezwa kwezikweletu.
Ulwazi oluphelelwe yisikhathi. Ibhalansi nezitolimende ziyashintsha. Ukusebenzisa idatha ye-stale bureau noma uhlu lwama-akhawunti amadala kungahlanekezela amanani kanye nokuziphatha kokukhokha. Ukuhlola kufanele kusekelwe olwazini lwamanje kakhulu olutholakala ngokunengqondo ngesikhathi sesinqumo.
Amaphutha okubala mathupha. Ukufingqa inqwaba yama-akhawunti nokuqhathanisa nemali engenayo nezindleko kuma-spreadsheet noma ngesandla kunephutha. Ukuguqulwa, ama-akhawunti aphuthelwe, noma amafomula angalungile angaveza amanani angalungile kanye neziphetho ezingalungile zokungena ezikweletini ngokweqile. Ukungaguquguquki kubo bonke abahloli futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuba nzima uma icala ngalinye libalwa mathupha.
Indlela yokunquma engaguquki. Uma umhloli oyedwa esebenzisa isamba semali engenayo kanti enye isamba, noma izilinganiso zezindleko zihluka ngokweqembu, abathengi abafanayo bangaphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Lokho kudala ukulunga kanye nobungozi bokuthobela. Izincazelo ezisezingeni (isb. ukuthi yiziphi izibopho ezibalwayo, ukuthi imali engenayo nezindleko ziphathwa kanjani) kanye nendlela eyodwa, ebhaliwe yehlisa leyo ngozi.
Isiza Kanjani Idatha Ye-Multi-Bureau Data
Ukuhlela kanyeukuhlanganisa idatha yezikweletu evela kumahhovisi amaningi kanye nokuyixhumanisa nenqubo yokuhlola evamile kusingatha eziningi zalezi zinselele.
Isithombe esiphelele sezibopho. Uma idatha evela kumahhovisi angaphezu kwelilodwa ihlanganiswa futhi yenziwa yaba evamile, wonke ama-akhawunti abikiwe angafakwa enanini lesibopho. Ayikho i-bureau eyodwa okuthenjelwe kuyo yodwa, ngakho-ke ingozi yokunciphisa izikweletu iyancipha.
Isamba esizenzakalelayo. Uma ama-akhawunti esesesimweni esihlelekile, izibopho zanyanga zonke eziphelele kanye nezilinganiso zesikweletu nemali engenayo zingabalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokho kunciphisa amaphutha enziwa ngesandla futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ifomula efanayo isetshenziswa njalo.
Imibandela yokuhlola engaguquki. Uma ukwakheka kwedatha efanayo nemithetho kuqhuba konke ukuhlola, imibandela isetshenziswa ngokufanayo. Ukuphathwa kwemali engenayo nezindleko, okubalwa ngama-akhawunti, nokuthi izilinganiso zisetshenziswa kanjani zingachazwa kanye futhi zisetshenziswe kuzo zonke izimo, kuthuthukiswe kokubili ukulunga nokuvikela.
Indlela yokucwaninga evikelekayo. Uma ukuhlola ngakunye kuhlanganiswe nedatha eyisisekelo - yimiphi imibiko esetshenzisiwe, yimaphi ama-akhawunti afakiwe, izibalo ezenziwayo - isiphetho sokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile singachazwa futhi senziwa kabusha. Lokho kusekela ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi, ukubuyekezwa kwe-NCR, nokuzivikela ezinsolweni zokuboleka budedengu.
Idatha ehlelekile ayithathi indawo yokwahlulela; iqinisekisa ukuthi ukwahlulela kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, okungaguquki, futhi okulandelekayo.
Hlola Ukuba Nezikweletu Eziningi Ngokuqhubekayo Kuwo Wonke Amacala
Ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ngaphansi kweSigaba 79 kuyisisekelo sakho kokubili ukuhlolwa kobungozi bangaphambi kokunikezwa kanye nenqubo yokubuyekeza isikweletu. Ochwepheshe bezikweletu badinga okucacileincazelo, idatha ephelele, kanye nendlela engaguquguquki yokunquma lapho umthengi engakwazi noma engeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho ngesikhathi. Idatha ye-bureau engaphelele, amaphutha okubala okwenziwa ngesandla, kanye nemibandela engahambisani kwehlisa lowo mgomo futhi kwandise ukuthobela kanye nobungozi bokubolekisa.
Idatha ehleliwe yamahhovisi amaningi, isamba sesibopho esizenzakalelayo, kanye nokuhlola okubhaliwe kokugeleza komsebenzi ukuhlola okungaguquguquki, okuvikelekayo kokungena ezikweletini ngokweqile - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumhlinzeki wezikweletu ohlola izicelo noma umeluleki wezikweletu owenza ukutholwa okusemthethweni kweSigaba 86.
Xhumana ukuhlola ukuba nezikweletu ngokweqile ngokungaguquguquki kuzo zonke izimo futhi ubone ukuthi idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile nokugeleza komsebenzi okujwayelekile kusekela kanjani ukuhlola okuvikelekayo, okulungele ukuhlolwa.