Isikweletu Esimisiwe eNingizimu Afrika | Umhlahlandlela Wochwepheshe
Qonda isikweletu esinqunyiwe eNingizimu Afrika: umthetho weminyaka emi-3, Umthetho Kadokotela, i-NCA Isigaba 126B, ukubika kwe-bureau, nokuthi kusho ukuthini kochwepheshe bezikweletu.
Isikweletu esinqunyiwe eNingizimu Afrika singenye yezindawo ezingaqondakali kakhulu emthethweni wezikweletu zabathengi. Abeluleki ngezezikweletu bavamise ukubona amaklayenti imibiko yawo yehhovisi isabonisa izikweletu ezindala okungenzeka ukuthi ngeke zisaphoqelelwa ngokomthetho. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele banqume ukuthi bayasilandela noma basithengise yini isikweletu esinqunyiwe, kanye nokuthi bayasiphatha yini isikweletu esinqunyiwe embikweni njengokuqoqwa lapho kuhlolwa ukukwazi ukukhokhela. I-Prescription Act 68 ka-1969 ibeka imikhawulo yesikhathi ecacile ngemva kwalokho okweletayo angaphakamisa incwadi njengokuzivikela futhi umkweleti ngeke esakwazi ukuphoqelela isimangalo ngezinkantolo. Nokho isikweletu esinqunyiwe ngokuvamile siyaqhubeka nokuvela emibikweni ye-credit bureau evela ku-Experian, Datanamix, ne-TransUnion, sidala ukudideka nobungozi bokuthobela imithetho. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi siyini isikweletu esinqunyiwe, izikhathi ezahlukene zemithi ngaphansi komthetho waseNingizimu Afrika, lapho incwadi kadokotela iphazamiseka, ukuthi isebenzisana kanjani noMthetho Kazwelonke Wezikweletu kanye nokubika kwe-bureau, kanye nalokho abeluleki bezikweletu nabanikezeli bezikweletu okufanele bakwenze lapho besebenza. Ukuze uthole umongo obanzi wokulawula, bona i-Umhlahlandlela wokuhambisana noMthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke yethu.
Isiphi Isikweletu Esinqunyiwe Singaphansi KoMthetho Kadokotela
Incwadi kadokotela iyindlela engokomthetho ecisha isikweletu ngemuva kokuthi kudlule isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kokuthi umbolekisi aphoqelele isimangalo. Alisusi iqiniso lokuthi isikweletu besikweletwa; kwenza isikweletu singaphoqeleleki enkantolo. Umkweletu kufanele aphakamise incwadi kadokotela njengesivikelo uma umbolekisi ezama ukuphoqelela. Uma okweletayo engayiphakamisi, inkantolo isengayala ukuba akhokhe. Kochwepheshe bezikweletu, umphumela ongokoqobo ukuthi uma isikweletu sesinqumile, iumkweleti akakwazi ukumangalela ngempumelelo ukuze abuyiselwe, futhi ngaphansi kwe-NCA isikweletu ngeke sidayiswe noma siqoqwe ngendlela evamile.
I-Prescription Act 68 ka-1969 ilawula incwadi kadokotela eNingizimu Afrika. Ilungiselelo elifaneleka kakhulu lekhredithi yomthengi lithi Isigaba 11(d), esibeka inkathi kadokotela yeminyaka emithathu “yezikweletu ezivamile” - okuhlanganisa izivumelwano eziningi zezikweletu, ama-akhawunti ezitolo, imalimboleko yomuntu siqu, kanye nezibopho ezifanayo. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kusukela ngedethi okufanele isikweletu ngayo, futhi incwadi kadokotela ingaphazanyiswa, umkweleti angakhipha incwadi kadokotela njengesivikelo esiphelele kunoma yisiphi isicelo sokukhokha.
Ukuqonda incwadi kadokotela kubalulekile lapho ubuyekeza uhlu olubi emibikweni yezikweletu. Ukungakhokhi kahle noma ukwahlulela okuvela embikweni we-bureau kungase kuhlobane nesikweletu esinqunywe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ukufakwa kuhlu kungahlala embikweni ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-bureau ngisho nalapho isikweletu esiwumsuka singasaphoqelelwa. Ukwehlukanisa phakathi “kokusaqoqwa” kanye “nokunqunyiwe” kuthinta kokubili iseluleko sokuhlela kabusha nezinqumo zekhredithi.
Izikhathi Zokunqunywa Ngemithi Yezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezikweletu
I-Prescription Act ibeka imikhawulo yesikhathi ehlukene kuye ngohlobo lwesikweletu. Ochwepheshe bezikweletu kufanele basebenzise isikhathi esifanele lapho behlola ukuthi isikweletu simisiwe yini.
Iminyaka emithathu — izikweletu ezijwayelekile (Isigaba 11(d))
Iningi lezikweletu zomthengi liwela ngaphansi komthetho weminyaka emithathu: izivumelwano zezikweletu ngaphansi kwe-NCA, ama-akhawunti okuthengisa, imalimboleko engavikelekile, imali engaphezulu kwezindleko, kanye nezibopho ezifanayo. Isikhathi siqala kusukela ngosuku isikweletu okufanele sikhokhelwe ngaso nesifanele ukukhokhwa ngaso. Uma umbolekisi engazange aphazamise ngempumelelo incwadi kadokotelaphakathi naleso sikhathi, okweletayo angaphakamisa incwadi kadokotela njengesivikelo.
Iminyaka eyisithupha — izikweletu ezikweletwa umbuso (Isigaba 11(a))
Izikweletu zentela, izikweletu zikamasipala, nezinye izibopho ezikweletwa umbuso zisho ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha. Lokhu kubandakanya isikweletu esihlobene nabakwa-SARS kanye namanani athile asemthethweni. Lapho ubuyekeza izibopho zekhasimende, abeluleki bezikweletu kanye nabanikezeli bezikweletu kufanele basebenzise isikhathi seminyaka eyisithupha esikweletini sikahulumeni esikhundleni seminyaka emithathu yesikweletu esijwayelekile.
Iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu — amabhondi ezindlu kanye nezinye izimangalo (Isigaba 11(a))
Izikweletu ezivikelwe ngamabhondi ezindlu - ngokuvamile imali ebolekiwe yezindlu - zinikezwa ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Lesi sikhathi eside sibonisa imvelo evikelekile yesibopho kanye namanani amakhulu ahilelekile. Lapho kuhlolwa isikweletu esihlobene nempahla yekhasimende noma incwadi evikelwe yomhlinzeki wesikweletu, isikhathi seminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu siyasebenza.
Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu — izikweletu zokwahlulela (Isigaba 11(a))
Uma inkantolo isikhiphe isinqumo sokukhokha, leso sinqumo sesikweletu sinquma ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Lokhu akusishintshi isikhathi esinqunyiwe sesikweletu sokuqala esiyisisekelo; idala iwindi elisha, elide lokuphoqelela isahlulelo ngokwaso. Empeleni, ukwahlulela kuvame ukuphoqelelwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, kodwa isikhathi esinwetshiwe sibalulekile uma kubhekwa izahlulelo ezindala kakhulu emibikweni yehhovisi.
Lapho Iwashi Lencwadi Kadokotela Liqala Futhi Yini Eliphazamisayo
Incwadi kadokotela iqala kusukela ngedethi isikweletu esifika ngaso kufanele futhi sikhokhelwe. Ngesivumelwano semali mboleko noma sesikweletu, lolo ngokujwayelekile wusuku lwenkokhelo yokuqala egejiwe efaka i-akhawunti ekuhlulekeni, noma idethi ibhalansi ephelele okufanele ikhokhe ngayo. Ngobaisikweletu esijikelezayo, usuku olunqunyiwe luncike emigomeni yesivumelwano. Ukumisa usuku olufanele lokuqala kubalulekile lapho weluleka amakhasimende noma uhlola ukuthi isikweletu esohlwini sinqunyiwe yini.
Incwadi kadokotela iphazanyiswe yizenzo ezibonisa ukuvuma kokweletwayo ngesikweletu noma ukuphishekela komuntu okweletayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, iwashi elinikezwe udokotela liqala kabusha futhi isikhathi esisha esigcwele siqala ngalolo suku.
Ukuvuma isikweletu
Uma okweletayo evuma isikweletu ngokubhala noma ngokwenza inkokhelo, incwadi kadokotela iyaphazamiseka. Inkokhelo eyodwa, ukuvuma okubhaliwe, noma isithembiso sokukhokha singasetha kabusha isikhathi seminyaka emithathu. Abeluleki ngezezikweletu kufanele baqaphele ukuthi amakhasimende enze inkokhelo encane noma asayine incwadi yokuvuma eminyakeni embalwa edlule angase aphazamise incwadi kadokotela akholelwa ukuthi iyisikweletu esidala.
Inkokhelo
Noma iyiphi inkokhelo yesikweletu iphazamisa incwadi kadokotela. Umkweletu angasebenzisa leyo nkokhelo njengobufakazi bokuthi isikhathi esisha sencwadi kadokotela siqale kusukela ngedethi yokukhokha.
Inqubo yezomthetho
Isevisi yenqubo (isb. amasamanisi) yokuphoqelela isikweletu iphazamisa incwadi kadokotela. Uma umkweletwayo ethathe izinyathelo zomthetho phakathi nesikhathi esinqunywe udokotela, ukusetshenziswa kwencwadi kadokotela kuyaphazamiseka. Uma ukuqulwa kwecala kuhoxiswa kamuva noma kuchithiwe, incwadi kadokotela ingase isebenze futhi kusukela ngosuku lokuhoxa noma lokuxoshwa, kuye ngezimo.
Kubasebenzi bezikweletu, into ethathwayo wukuthi umuntu akanakuthatha isikweletu asishilo ngoba nje sisidala. Idethi isikweletu eqale ngaso, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuvuma, inkokhelo, noma isinyathelo somthetho kusukela ngaleso sikhathikhona-ke, kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokuthi incwadi kadokotela iyasebenza.
Sivela Kanjani Isikweletu Esinqunyiwe Embikweni Wehhovisi Lezikweletu
Inkinga enkulu engokoqobo ukuthi isikweletu esinqunyiwe ngokuvamile siqhubeka nokuvela emibikweni ye-credit bureau ngemva kwesikhathi esiyiminyaka emithathu siphelile. I-Bureaux ithola idatha kubanikezeli bezikweletu nabanye ababhalisile; bagcina ulwazi olubi ngezikhathi ezibekwe yi-Credit Bureau Association (CBA) kanye ne-NCR. Leyo mithetho yokugcinwa ihlukene ne-Prescription Act. Umphumela uba ukuthi umbiko womthengi ungase ubonise okungalungile, ukwahlulela, noma umlando we-akhawunti ohlobene nesikweletu osuvele usinqumile.
I-Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion, Compuscan, ne-XDS i-akhawunti ngayinye ikhona kanye nedatha engalungile ngefomethi yayo. Lapho ukufunda umbiko wesikweletu, odokotela kufanele bahlonze idethi yokuzenzakalelayo, idethi yokugcina yokukhokha, kanye nesimo se-akhawunti ukuze bahlole ukuthi isikweletu esiwumsuka besingasho yini. Ukungakhokhi iminyaka emihlanu edlule ngaphandle kwenkokhelo noma imvume eminyakeni emithathu edlule kungase kunqunywe, nakuba uhlu lusavela. Ukuqhathanisa idatha kuwo wonke amahhovisi ngezinye izikhathi ingacacisa amadethi nesimo, kodwa ukuhlaziya okusemthethweni kukadokotela kuhlala kuwumthwalo wemfanelo kadokotela.
Ukuba khona kwesikweletu esinqunyiwe embikweni kusengathinta amagoli esikweletu nezibalo zokukwazi ukuzikhokhela uma imodeli yamaphuzu noma umhlaziyi ethatha njengesikweletu esisebenzayo. Abeluleki ngezezikweletu kanye nabanikezeli bezikweletu kufanele baphathe isikweletu esinqunyiwe njengesingenakuphoqelelwa ngenjongo yokuhlela kabusha nokuqoqwa, futhi akufanele banikeze noma benqabe isikweletu kuphela ngokulindelekile kokuqoqwa okunqunyiwe.isikweletu.
I-NCA Isigaba 126B: Isikweletu Esinqunyiwe Asikwazi Ukudayiswa Noma Ukuqoqwa
Umthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke uchitshiyelwe ukuze kubhekwane nokudayiswa nokuqoqwa kwezikweletu ezinqunyiwe. Isigaba 126B sihlinzeka ngokuthi umnikezi wezikweletu noma umqoqi wezikweletu akumele adayise, aqoqe, noma azame ukuqoqa isikweletu esinqunyiwe. Lokhu kuqondanisa i-NCA kanye Nomthetho Kadokotela: uma isikweletu sesinqumile, asiqiniseki kuphela enkantolo kodwa futhi nemingcele yokudayiselwa izinkampani zangaphandle kanye nemizamo esebenzayo yokuqoqa.
Kubanikezi bezikweletu, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthengisa incwadi yezikweletu noma ukuyala abaqoqi, kufanele bahlole ukuthi yiziphi izikweletu ezinqunyiwe futhi bangazifaki egunyeni lokudayiswa noma lokuqoqwa. Ukuthengisa noma ukuqoqa isikweletu esinqunyiwe kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-NCR kanye nezikhalazo zabathengi. Kubeluleki ngezikweletu, iSigaba 126B sigcizelela ukuthi amakhasimende anesikweletu esinqunyiwe angenqaba ukusikhokha futhi angabekela inselele imizamo yokusiqoqa noma sokukleliswa ngendlela esho ukuthi asakweleta. Abathengi bangase badinge ukuphakamisa incwadi kadokotela njengesivikelo noma baphikise ukufakwa kuhlu ne-bureau noma i-NCR uma umbolekisi noma umqoqi eqhubeka nokuphatha isikweletu njengesiqoqwa.
Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ngqo Ukuhambisana ne-NCA kanye ukuboleka budedengu nokucatshangelwa. Ukunikeza isikweletu esisha ngokuncika ethembeni lokuthi kuzoqoqwa isikweletu esidala (esinqunyiwe) akugcini nje ngokungenangqondo ngokomthetho kodwa kungase kuhlanekezele ukuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu akufanele baphathe isikweletu esinqunyiwe njengengxenye yezibopho zamanje zomthengi lapho behlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela noma ukungena ezikweletini ngokweqile.
Imithelela Kubeluleki Bezikweletu
Bona abeluleki ngezikweletuisikweletu esinqunyiwe ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: lapho wakha iphrofayili yezikweletu zekhasimende emibikweni yehhovisi, nalapho weluleka amakhasimende ngamalungelo awo kanye nezinketho zawo.
Ukuhlonza isikweletu esinqunyiwe kumaphrofayela eklayenti
Lapho edonsa imibiko yehhovisi futhi akha uhlu lwezibopho ukubuyekezwa kwezikweletu, umeluleki kufanele amake ama-akhawunti lapho usuku lokukhokha olumisiwe noma lokugcina lungaphezu kweminyaka emithathu edlule (noma iminyaka eyisithupha, eyishumi nanhlanu, noma engamashumi amathathu kuye ngohlobo lwesikweletu) nalapho kungekho bufakazi bokuphazamiseka. Leso sikweletu singase sinqunywe. Ukuyifaka esiphakamisweni sokuhlela kabusha sengathi iyaphoqeleka kungadukisa iklayenti kanye nabakweletwayo. Kungase futhi kumoshe isikhathi ukuxoxisana nabakweletwayo abangasenaso isimangalo esisebenzayo. Amathuluzi aveza amadethi e-akhawunti nokufakwa kuhlu okuphambene ngendlela ehlelekile — njengokuthi isofthiwe yokweluleka ngezikweletu edlulisa idatha ye-bureau emikhakheni engaseshekayo - ukusiza abeluleki ukuthi basebenzise ingqondo yencwadi kadokotela ngokungaguquki kuwo wonke amakesi amakhulu.
Ukweluleka amaklayenti nokubekela inselele uhlu olungalungile
Ngokuvamile amaklayenti akazi ukuthi isikweletu singasho. Umeluleki angachaza ukuthi isikweletu esinqunyiwe asidingi ukukhokhwa nokuthi bangakhipha incwadi kadokotela uma bemangalelwa. Uma umbiko we-bureau usakhombisa isikweletu noma usho ukuthi siyasebenza, iklayenti lingase liphikisane nohlu nehhovisi noma i-NCR. Umeluleki angasekela iklayenti ngezinsuku ezinembile kanye nokuhlaziywa okucacile kwencwadi kadokotela. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphakamiso zokuhlela kabusha kanye nemibhalo yasenkantolo ayiphathi isikweletu esinqunyiwe njengesikhokhwa kuvikela iklayenti futhi kugcina inqubo ihambisana.
Imithelela Kubahlinzeki Bezikweletu
Abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele bacabangeleisikweletu esinqunyiwe lapho kuhlolwa ukuqoqwa, lapho kuthengiswa noma kukhishwa izinsiza, nalapho kusetshenziswa idatha ye-bureau ukuze ifinyeleleke nezinqumo zobungozi.
Ihlola ukuqoqwa
Lapho bethatha isinqumo sokulandela i-akhawunti engasebenzi noma badayise iphothifoliyo, abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele bahlonze ukuthi yiziphi izikweletu ezinqunyiwe. Ukuphishekela noma ukuthengisa ukwephulwa kwezikweletu okunqunyiwe kweSigaba 126B futhi kuveza umhlinzeki engcupheni yokulawula nedumela. Izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi kufanele zidinge ukuhlolwa kwencwadi kadokotela ngaphambi kokudluliselwa ekuqoqweni noma ekuthengisweni.
Ukunikeza isikweletu nokufinyeleleka
Lapho ehlola isicelo esisha, umnikezi wesikweletu ubuyekeza idatha ye-bureau ukuze anqume izibopho ezikhona kanye namandla okukhokhela. Isikweletu esinqunyiwe esisavela embikweni akufanele sibalwe njengesibopho samanje okufanele umthengi asikhokhe. Ukuyiphatha kanjalo kunganciphisa ngokungafanele ukukwazi ukukhokhela umthengi noma kuholele esiphethweni esiyiphutha sokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile. Ngokuphambene, ukunikeza isikweletu ngethemba lokuthi umthengi “uzosula” isikweletu esinqunyiwe akusona isisekelo esifanelekile sesinqumo sokuboleka. Ukukwazi ukukhokhela izindleko kufanele kusekelwe ezibophweni eziphoqelelayo kanye nekhono lomthengi lokuhlangabezana nazo.
Imibono Eyiphutha Evamile Mayelana Nesikweletu Esinqunyiwe
Imibono eyiphutha eminingi isaqhubeka futhi ingaholela ezilulekweni ezingezinhle noma ekuziphatheni okungahambisani nemithetho.
Incwadi kadokotela ayisuli isikweletu. Isibopho sokuziphatha noma esiyiqiniso singase sihlale engqondweni yomthengi, kodwa isibopho esingokomthetho sokukhokha siyacishwa. Umkweleti kufanele aphakamise incwadi njengesivikelo; uma bengakwenzi, inkantolo isengayala ukuba kukhokhelwe. Ngakho abathengikufanele belulekwe ukuthi bathathe incwadi kadokotela ngokungathi sína futhi bayiphakamise lapho kufanele.
Incwadi kadokotela ayizenzekeli. Umkweleti kufanele avume incwadi kadokotela uma umbolekisi amangalela. Uma okweletayo ekhokha noma evuma isikweletu ngemuva kokusho, lokho kukhokha noma ukuvuma kungase kuvuselele isibopho kwezinye izimo, kuye ngamaqiniso. Amaklayenti kufanele elulekwe ukuthi angakhokhi noma avume isikweletu esidala ngaphandle kokuhlola kuqala ukuthi sishilo yini.
Uhlu lwehhovisi kanye nemithi kadokotela kuhlukene. Uhlu lungahlala embikweni wezikweletu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwehhovisi ngisho nalapho isikweletu sesinqumile. Ukuba khona kohlu akusho ukuthi isikweletu sisaqoqwa ngokomthetho. Ukuphikisana ngohlu olungalungile noma oludukisayo kuyinqubo ehlukile ngokusebenzisa i-bureau kanye ne-NCR.
Izikweletu ezihlukene zinezikhathi zemithi ehlukene. Ukusebenzisa umthetho weminyaka emithathu esikweletini sikahulumeni noma esikweletini kungaholela eziphethweni ezingalungile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa isikhathi esifanele sohlobo lwesikweletu.
Zulazula Ngesikweletu Esinqunyiwe Ngokuzethemba
Isikweletu esinqunyiwe eNingizimu Afrika silawulwa uMthetho Kadokotela futhi siqiniswa yi-NCA. Umthetho weminyaka emithathu wezikweletu ezijwayelekile, kanye nezikhathi ezinde zesikweletu sombuso, amabhondi ezindlu ezibolekwayo, nezinqumo, unquma ukuthi isikweletu singaphoqelelwa nini. Abeluleki ngezikweletu kumele bahlonze isikweletu esinqunyiwe kumaphrofayili amaklayenti futhi beluleke amaklayenti ngokufanele; abahlinzeki bezikweletu akumele badayise noma baqoqe isikweletu esinqunyiwe futhi akumele basithathe njengesiqoqwa lapho kuhlolwa ukungakwazi ukukhokhela noma ubungozi. Imibiko yehhovisi isengabonisaisikweletu esinqunyiwe, ngakho-ke abasebenzi kufanele basebenzise izinsuku nesimo ukuze bahlole ukuphoqelela ukuphoqelela kunokuthembela ohlwini kuphela. Emaqenjini adinga ukusebenzisa ingqondo kadokotela kanye nemithetho yokufakwa kuhlu engalungile ngokungaguquguquki kuwo wonke amafayela amaningi, idatha yekhredithi ehlelekile nezindlela zokuhlola ezicacile kunciphisa amaphutha nokusekela ukuthobelana. Bona ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kombiko wesikweletu okuhlelekile kungasekela kanjani incwadi yakho kadokotela nokuhamba komsebenzi wokuthobelana.