I-NCA Isigaba 81 Izidingo Zokufinyeleleka | Umhlahlandlela Owusizo
Umhlahlandlela we-NCA weSigaba 81 sezibopho zokuhlola ukukwazi ukukhokhela abahlinzeki bezikweletu baseNingizimu Afrika. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo, izindinganiso zemibhalo, nezikhala zokuthobela imithetho.
Ukuhlola ukufinyeleleka kweSigaba 81 se-NCA kuyisibopho esisodwa okubhekiselwa kuso kakhulu kunoma ubani onikeza isikweletu eNingizimu Afrika. Isigaba 81 sibeka izinyathelo eziyisibopho okufanele wonke umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) azanelise ngaphambi kokwenza isivumelwano sesikweletu. Nokho izikhulu eziningi zokuthotshelwa kwemithetho kanye namathimba ezikweletu asanakho ukuqonda okucacile, okungokoqobo kokuthi isigaba sidingani, ukuthi zithini “izinyathelo eziphusile” ekusebenzeni, nokuthi yimiphi imibhalo ezomelana nokuhlolwa kwe-NCR noma inselelo yokuboleka budedengu. Ngaphandle kwalokho kucaca, amafemu ayenza ibe nzima kakhulu inqubo noma azishiye obala ngokubhala phansi noma ukweqa izinyathelo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukujula okujulile ezidingweni zomthetho zeSigaba 81, izinyathelo zokuhlola kanye namazinga amadokhumenti aphuma kuso, ukuthi izinkantolo kanye Nomlawuli Kazwelonke Wezikweletu ahumusha kanjani ukuthotshelwa komthetho, nalapho abahlinzeki bezikweletu ngokuvamile behluleka khona. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi wezibopho ze-NCA, bheka Umhlahlandlela wokuhambisana noMthetho Wezikweletu Kazwelonke yethu.
Okudingwa ISigaba 81 Sokuhlola Ukukwazi Ukukhokhela I-NCA — Umbhalo Wezomthetho
Isigaba sama-81(1) se-NCA sithi umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) akufanele angene esivumelwaneni sesikweletu nomthengi ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola ukuqonda jikelele komthengi ngobungozi nezindleko zekhredithi ehlongozwayo kanye namalungelo nezibopho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sesikweletu, umlando wokukhokha isikweletu somthengi njengomthengi ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zesikweletu, kanye nezindlela ezikhona zezimali kanye nemibono yomthengi. Ukuhlola kufanele kusekelwe olwazini olutholakala kumnikezi wezikweletu, kuhlanganisa nemininingwane ehlinzekwe umthengi kanye nolwazi olutholwe kwabe-credit bureau.
Inqubo yenza izinto ezintathu. Okokuqala, ibeka isibopho ** esiyimpoqo**: umnikezi wesikweletu “akumele” angene esivumelwaneni ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Akukho ukukhetha ukweqa ukuhlolwa. Okwesibili, icacisa lokho okufanele kuhlolwe: ukuqonda ubungozi nezindleko, amalungelo nezibopho, umlando wokukhokhwa kwezikweletu, kanye nezindlela zezimali, amathemba, nezibopho. Okwesithathu, ivimbela isisekelo sokuhlola: kufanele kusekelwe olwazini olutholakala kumhlinzeki, okuhlanganisa idatha ehlinzekwe ngabathengi kanye ne-bureau. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuhlola angeke kube ukuqagela okumsulwa; kufanele isekelwe olwazini olungaqinisekiswa.
Isigaba 81(2)(a) sengeza ngokuthi lapho kuhlolwa izindlela zezimali zomthengi, amathuba, kanye nezibopho, umnikezi wesikweletu kufanele acele futhi acabangele izindlela zezimali zamanje zomthengi, amathemba, nezibopho kanye nomlando wokukhokha isikweletu somthengi. Ngakho-ke uMthetho uhlobanisa ngokusobala ukuhlolwa kukho kokubili isimo samanje sezimali nokuziphatha komlando. Empeleni, lokhu kuqhuba isidingo sokuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo, ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko, isithombe esigcwele sezibopho zezikweletu ezikhona (ngokuvamile ezivela emibikweni ye-bureau evela ku-Experian, Datanamix, noma TransUnion), kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuziphatha kokukhokha kuma-akhawunti akhona. Indlela yokuhlanganisa lokhu ihlolisisiwe kumhlahlandlela wethu othi ukuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokhela eNingizimu Afrika; okugxilwe kukho lapha kusezimfuneko zomthetho kanye nendlela yokuhlangabezana nazo ngokusebenza.
Izinsika Ezinhlanu Zokuhlola Isigaba 81
Ukuhlukanisa iSigaba 81 sibe yizingxenye zokusebenza, ukuhlola okuthobelayo kuncike ezinsikeni ezinhlanu. Ngayinye ihambisana nento i-NCA kanye ne-NCR elindele ukubhekwana nayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo
Izindlela zezimali ezikhona zomthengi azikwazi ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kombono othembekile weholo. Isigaba 81 sidinga ukuthi umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) athathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola izindlela zezimali; lokho kusho ukuqinisekisa imali engenayo esikhundleni sokuyamukela ngendlela engokoqobo. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukucela nokugcina ubufakazi bemali engenayo - ama-payslips kubathengi abaqashiwe, izitatimende zasebhange noma imibhalo yentela yabathengi abazisebenzayo noma abahola ngokushintshashintshayo - nokusebenzisa lolo lwazi njengesisekelo sokubala ukufinyeleleka. Ezikhungweni ezinkulu noma izingxenye ezinobungozi obukhulu, i-NCR ilindele ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile. Izinga lokuqinisekisa lingase lilingane nohlobo nosayizi wekhredithi, kodwa ukungabikho okuphelele kokuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo kunzima ukukuvikela “njengezinyathelo ezinengqondo.”
Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko
Izindlela zezimali azigcini nje ngeholo; zimayelana nalokho okusalayo ngemuva kwezindleko ezidingekayo. Ukubhekisela kweSigaba 81 kokuthi “izindlela zezimali ezikhona, amathemba, nezibopho” kuye kwahunyushwa ngokuthi kuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko zokuphila zomthengi, ngoba imali engenayo etholakalayo (emva kwezindleko) iyona etholakala esikweletini sesevisi. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu bangasebenzisa izindleko ezimenyezelwe, izilinganiso noma izibalo ezijwayelekile (njengalezo ezisetshenziswa ekubuyekezweni kwezikweletu noma ezishicilelwe yi-NCR), noma inhlanganisela. Okubalulekile wukusebenzisa indlela engaguquguquki, ebhalwe phansi ukuze ukulinganisa kwezindleko kungabi ngokunganaki. Isilinganiso sesikweletu nemali engenayo kanye nokubalwa kwemali engenayo etholakalayo kokubili kuncike ekubeni nombono ozwakalayo wezindleko.
Izibopho ezikhona
Umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) kufanele ahlole izibopho ezikhona zomthengi ngaphambi kokwengeza isikweletu esisha. Umthombo oyinhloko walokhu umbiko we-credit bureau. Zonke izivumelwano zezikweletu ezisebenzayo - amakhadi esitolo, imalimboleko yomuntu siqu, imali yemoto, imali mboleko yezindlu, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinsiza ezidinga ukukhokhelwa nyanga zonke - kufanele zihlonzwe futhi izitolimende zazo (noma izinkokhelo eziNCAne) zifakwe ekubalweni kokukwazi ukuzikhokhela. Ukuthembela kuphela kuzimemezelo zabathengi akwanele; abathengi bangase bashiye ama-akhawunti noma banciphise amabhalansi. Imininingwane yehhovisi kufanele itholwe futhi ihlanganiswe. Izibopho ezingekho ziholela ekuthengeni ngokweqile futhi kwandisa ingcuphe yokuba nezikweletu ngokweqile kanye ukuboleka budedengu nokutholakele.
Umlando wokukhokha isikweletu
Isigaba 81 sidinga ngokucacile ukuthi umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) athathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlola umlando wokukhokha isikweletu somthengi. Lokhu kuhlukile ekufakeni nje uhlu lwezibopho zamanje; kuhlanganisa nokubuyekeza indlela umthengi asebenze ngayo kulezo zibopho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha, umlando wesikweletu esisilele emuva, izinhlu ezingezinhle, izahlulelo, nemiyalo yokuphatha konke kuhlobene. Umthengi onephethini yokukhokha sekwephuzile noma okungalungile angase agunyaze ukuphathwa okuhlukile kunomlando ohlanzekile, ngisho noma amazinga esikweletu amanje afana. Imibiko yehhovisi evela ezikhungweni ezinkulu zaseNingizimu Afrika inikeza lo mlando; kufanele kubuyekezwe futhi kufakwe ekuhlolweni. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela ukuziphatha kokukhokha kuthwetshulwa futhi kusetshenziswe ngayo, bona amakhodi ephrofayela yokukhokha kanye amagoli esikweletu eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuqonda kwabathengi
Isigaba 81 sidinga ukuhlolwa kokuqonda jikelele komthengi ngobungozi nezindleko zekhredithi ehlongozwayo kanye namalungelo nezibopho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sesikweletu. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yi-elementi engabhalwanga phansi kakhulu. Empeleni, kungasingathwa ngokudalula okucacile kwesivumelwano sangaphambi kwesivumelwano, imibhalo yekhotheshini, kanye nenqubo evumela umthengi ukuthi abuze imibuzo noma aqinisekise ukuqonda. Emikhiqizweni eyinkimbinkimbi (isb. izinkokhelo zamabhaluni, amanani aguquguqukayo, noma umshwalense oyinqwaba), umhlinzeki wesikweletu kufanele akwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi umthengi unikezwe ulwazi ngendlela eqondakalayo futhi waba nethuba lokukuqonda. Amadokhumenti angase ahlanganise ukuvuma okusayiniwe, amanothi ekholi, noma imibhalo evamile ehlanganisa ubungozi obuyinhloko nezibopho.
Amazinga Okubhalwa Kwemibhalo — Yini Okufanele Irekhodwe
I-NCA ayinikezi ifomethi yombhalo owodwa, kodwa idinga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwe futhi umnikezi wesikweletu angabonisa ukuthobela umthetho. Empeleni, lokho kusho ukudala nokugcina amarekhodi akhombisa ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olutholiwe, yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathiwe, nokuthi isinqumo sifinyelelwe kanjani. Lapho i-NCR icwaninga amabhuku ezimali noma umthengi esola ngokuboleka budedengu, umthwalo usemahlombe omnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukucubungula okufanele kwenziwe. Ngaphandle kwemibhalo, lowo mthwalo awunakuhlangabezwana nawo.
Amarekhodi kufanele afake: umbiko we-credit bureau osetshenzisiwe kanye nosuku atholwe ngalo; imali engenayo eshiwo futhi yaqinisekiswa yomthengi kanye nomthombo wokuqinisekisa; uhlu lwezibopho ezikhona (ezinezihlonzi ze-akhawunti kanye nezitolimende) njengoba zitholakala ku-bureau nanoma yisiphi isimemezelo sabathengi; inani lezindleko noma indlela esetshenzisiwe (isb. ibhentshimakhi evamile noma izindleko ezimenyezelwe); ukubalwa kwemali engenayo kanye/noma isilinganiso semali engenayo nesikweletu; kanye nenkomba ecacile yokuthi ngabe umthengi utholakale enezikweletu ezingaphezulu noma ezithengekayo, nokuthi kungani. Isixhumanisi phakathi kwedatha yehhovisi, izibalo, kanye nesinqumo sesibonelelo/sokwenqaba kufanele kulandeleke. Ukuze uthole iziqondiso ezinemininingwane mayelana nokuthi abacwaningi mabhuku kanye ne-NCR babheke ini, bheka izimfuneko zokulandela umkhondo zokuhlola izikweletu kanye Izidingo zokugcina amarekhodi e-NCA. Idatha egcinelwe lezi zinhloso kufanele futhi isingathwe ngokuvumelana U-POPIA — isitoreji esivikelekile, izilawuli zokufinyelela, nemikhawulo yokugcinwa.
”Izinyathelo Eziphusile” Zokusebenza — Indlela Izinkantolo kanye ne-NCR Ezitolika Ngayo
Isigaba 81 sisebenzisa inkulumo ethi “izinyathelo eziphusile” kunokucacisa uhlu lokuhlola oluphelele. Lokho kuvumela ukuguquguquka kwemikhiqizo ehlukene yekhredithi namanani, kodwa futhi kudala ukungaqiniseki uma kungahunyushwa ngokubhekisela kumhlahlandlela olawulayo nowomthetho. Empeleni, “izinyathelo eziphusile” zihunyushwe ngokuthi zisho inqubo elinganayo, eqotho efanele izimo. Akudingi ukuphelela noma uphenyo olungapheli; idinga okungaphezu kwebhokisi lophawu noma isitembu senjoloba.
Izinto ezithonya lokho okunengqondo zihlanganisa inani lesikweletu (isikhungo esikhulu singase sigunyaze ukuqinisekiswa okuphelele kwemali engenayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezindleko), uhlobo ** lwekhredithi** (evikelekile uma iqhathaniswa nengavikelekile, yesikhathi esifushane uma iqhathaniswa neyesikhathi eside), kanye ulwazi oseluvele lukhona (isb. ikhasimende elikhona elinomlando wokukhokha lingadinga ukuqinisekiswa okuNCAne kunomfakisicelo omusha). I-NCR igcizelele ngokungaguquki ukuthi abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele baqinisekise imali engenayo lapho kungenzeka khona, basebenzise idatha ye-bureau ukuze bakhe isithombe esiphelele sezibopho, futhi basebenzise imibandela ehambisanayo. Ukuthembela kuphela ezimemezelweni zabathengi ngaphandle kokubuyisana kwe-bureau, noma ukunikeza isikweletu ngaphandle kwezibalo zokukwazi ukukhokhela, kuthathwe njengokusilela ezinyathelweni ezifanele. Uma ungabaza, abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele benze iphutha ohlangothini lokubhala nokumisa: inqubo ecacile, ephindaphindwayo esetshenziswa ngokungaguquki kulula ukuyivikela kunesinqumo se-ad hoc esingeke sakhiwe kabusha.
Izikhala Ezivamile Zokuthobela Imithetho — Lapho Abahlinzeki Bezikweletu Bevamise Ukushoda
Amaphethini amaningana avela futhi kokutholwe yi-NCR nasezingxabanweni zokubolekwa budedengu. Ukubhekana nalokhu kunciphisa ingozi engokomthetho neyokulawula.
Ukubuyisana okungaphelele kwe-bureau. Ukusebenzisa umbiko we-bureau kodwa ukwehluleka ukuthatha wonke ama-akhawunti asebenzayo, noma ukusebenzisa umbiko ophelelwe yisikhathi, kuholela ezibophweni ezishiwo phansi kanye nokukwazi ukukhokhela izindleko ngokweqile. Zonke izinsiza ezidinga inkokhelo yanyanga zonke kufanele zifakwe ohlwini futhi zifakwe ekubalweni kwesikweletu semali engenayo kanye nemali engenayo etholakalayo. Ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo noma okuhleliwe okuvela kudatha yehhovisi kunciphisa ubungozi bokweqiwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokukopishwa mathupha kuma-PDF.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo noma okunganele. Ukwamukela imali engenayo eshiwo ngaphandle kwama-payslip, izitatimende zasebhange, noma obunye ubufakazi kunzima ukukuvikela “njengezinyathelo ezifanele,” ikakhulukazi amanani aphathekayo. Ukuqinisekisa akudingeki kufane kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa kufanele kube nezinga elilinganisa nosayizi nohlobo lwekhredithi.
Amadokhumenti angekho noma angahambisani. Uma ukuhlola kungarekhodwa ngendlela ebuyisekayo, noma lapho abahloli abahlukene besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ngaphandle kwenqubomgomo ebhaliwe, umnikezi wesikweletu akakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthobela umthetho ngokungaguquki. Amarekhodi abekwe endaweni eyodwa, anesitembu sesikhathi axhumanisa umbiko wehhovisi, ukubala ukufinyeleleka, kanye nesinqumo kubalulekile. Yilapho i-izindlela zokucwaningwa kwamabhuku kanye ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi iba izidingo zokusebenza.
Ukuziba ukuqonda komthengi. Abahlinzeki abaningi bagxila kuphela ohlangothini lwezezimali lweSigaba 81 futhi ababhalisi ukuthi babhekane kanjani nokuqonda komthengi ubungozi, izindleko, nezibopho. Emikhiqizweni esezingeni, ukudalula okucacile nenqubo yokuyivuma kungakwanelisa lokhu; ngemikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi, izinyathelo ezengeziwe zingadingeka. Imfuneko akufanele ishaywe indiva.
Ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwe-DTI noma izinkambiso zezindleko. Uma umhloli oyedwa esebenzisa i-cap engu-40% yesikweletu sokuthola imali engenayo futhi omunye esebenzisa u-50%, noma uma amabhentshimakhi ezindleko ehluka ngomhloli, abathengi abafanayo baphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Lokho kubukela phansi ukulunga futhi kwenza kube nzima ukukhombisa ukuthi “izinyathelo eziphusile” zisetshenziswe ngokufanayo. Izinqubomgomo ezibhaliwe futhi, lapho kunokwenzeka, amathuluzi okuhlola eyakhelwe inhloso ezisebenzisa imithetho efanayo kukho konke ukuhambisana okuvikelekile kwesicelo.
Izinhlawulo Nemiphumela Yokungathobeli
Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana neSigaba 81 akulona icala elizimele elinesigatshana saso sesigwebo ku-NCA; esikhundleni salokho, ingena ngqo kuhlaka lokuboleka budedengu. Ngaphansi kweSigaba 80, isikweletu sibudedengu uma umnikezi wesikweletu (wemali-mboleko) ehlulekile ukwenza ukuhlola okufanele (Isigaba 80(1)(a)) noma angene esivumelwaneni nakuba azi noma enesizathu sokwazi ukuthi umthengi ubenezikweletu ezidlulele (Isigaba 80(1)(b)(ii)). Ukuhlola okuntula noma okungagunyaziwe kweSigaba 81 kuyisango lokuthola ukuthi akukho ukuhlolwa okufanele okwenziwe, okungase kuholele ekumenyezelweni kwesikweletu budedengu.
Imiphumela ibalulwe eSigabeni 83 kanye nasezenzweni zokuphoqelela ze-NCR. Inkantolo ingamemezela isivumelwano njengobudedengu futhi isibeke eceleni, isimise okwesikhashana, noma ihlele kabusha izibopho zomthengi. Uma kubekelwa eceleni, umnikezi wesikweletu angalahlekelwa uthishanhloko futhi abuyisele amanani alinganiselwe kuphela. I-NCR ingaphenya, ikhiphe izinhlawulo zokuphatha, noma ithathele izinyathelo zokubhalisa. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okugcwele kwesibopho sezomthetho sokubolekisa ngokunganaki nokuzivikela, bona ukuboleka budedengu ngaphansi kwe-NCA. Iphuzu elingokoqobo leSigaba 81 ukuthi ukungalandeli umthetho akukhona ukudlula kaNCAne kwenqubo; kuyisisekelo sokuchayeka okungathi sína komphakathi kanye nokulawula. Izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile kanye nemibhalo yizona zivikelo eziyinhloko.
Ukusebenza Ukuthobela Isigaba 81 - Izincomo Zohlelo
Ukushumeka ukuthobela kweSigaba 81 ekusebenzeni, abahlinzeki bezikweletu kufanele basebenzise lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo.
Chaza inqubomgomo yokuhlola ebhaliwe. Bhala ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ohlotsheni ngalunye lomkhiqizo kanye nebhande lesikweletu: yikuphi ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo okudingekayo, yimiphi imibiko yesikhungo esisetshenziswayo, ukuthi izindleko zilinganiselwa kanjani, yiziphi i-DTI noma imikhawulo yemali engenayo etholakalayo, kanye nendlela ukuqonda komthengi okusingathwa ngayo. Inqubomgomo kufanele ivunywe ezingeni elifanele futhi igcinwe isesikhathini samanje.
Sebenzisa idatha ye-bureau njengomthombo weqiniso wezibopho ezikhona. Donsa imibiko evela kuhhovisi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu (Experian, Datanamix, TransUnion) kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza futhi ukhiphe wonke ama-akhawunti asebenzayo nezitolimende zibe ifomethi ehlelekile. Buyisana nezimemezelo zabathengi futhi uxazulule ukungezwani ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokukwazi ukukhokhela.
Izibalo ezijwayelekile. Sebenzisa ifomula engaguquki yesikweletu kuya emalini engenayo kanye neholo elilahlwayo ukuze okokufaka okufanayo kukhiqize umphumela ofanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani owenza ukuhlaziya. Lokhu kusekela ukungenzeleli nokucwaningwa kwamabhuku.
Rekhoda zonke izinqumo. Kusicelo ngasinye, gcina umbiko wehhovisi, imali engenayo nezindleko, umphumela wokubala, kanye nomphumela wesibonelelo/wokwehliswa ngesizathu esifushane. Qinisekisa ukuthi irekhodi linesitembu sesikhathi futhi liyabalelwa. Lokhu kwenelisa kokubili umzila wokuhlola kanye ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okulindelweyo.
Buyekeza futhi ubuyekeze ngezikhathi ezithile. Njengoba i-NCR ikhipha isiqondiso noma njengoba izinqumo zenkantolo zicacisa “izinyathelo ezifanele,” buyekeza inqubomgomo futhi uqeqeshe abasebenzi. Ukuthobela umthetho akuyona iphrojekthi yesikhathi esisodwa; kudinga ukunakwa okuqhubekayo.
Yakha Inqubo Yesigaba 81 Esivikelekayo
Ukuhlola ukufinyeleleka kweSigaba 81 se-NCA kuyisisekelo sesibopho se-NCA sesivumelwano sangaphambilini. Ukuhlangabezana nayo kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kombhalo wezomthetho, ukuqaliswa okuhlelekile kwezinsika ezinhlanu zokuhlola, kanye nemibhalo engamelana nokucwaningwa kwamabhuku kanye nenselelo. Abahlinzeki bezikweletu abaphatha iSigaba 81 njengebhokisi lokumaka bayohlala bedaluliwe; lezo ezakha izinqubo ezihlelekile, ezibhalwe phansi, nezingashintshi zizobekwa kahle ukuze zivikele izinqumo zazo futhi zanelise i-NCR.
Bhukha idemo ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuhlola okwakhelwe inhloso kanye namathuluzi okulandelela ukuhlolwa angakusekela kanjani ukuthobela kwakho Isigaba 81.